Orientador: Fermino Fernandes Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T02:02:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MedinaCuri_Nicolas_D.pdf: 5359652 bytes, checksum: 85c48aedce486066f4e70e8ac3bb7a40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Este estudo teve como propósito analisar os desempenhos em atenção e em memória de um grupo de crianças com e sem dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita e na leitura, tendo-se em vista que todas elas eram possuidoras de inteligência normal ou superior. Sob o suposto geral de que a atenção e a memória constituem atividades cognitivas envolvidas no processo da aprendizagem na escrita e na leitura, no que a inteligência estaria neutralizada, levantou-se a hipótese de trabalho que pressupõe que as crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita e com deficiências no desempenho em leitura, e que apresentam inteligência normal ou superior, mostram baixos índices de atenção e memória, o que não se verifica com as crianças que não apresentam essas dificuldades e deficiências. Com a finalidade de verificar essa hipótese foram examinadas 267 crianças, de 2' e 3' séries de ensino fundamental de escolas estaduais de Campinas, diagnosticadas com inteligência normal ou superior através do teste do Desenho da Figura Humana. Depois foram avaìiadas suas habilidades na escrita e na leitura e, também seus desempenhos em atenção e em memória. Com base nos dados dessas avaliações, as variações do desempenho em atenção e em memória foram analisadas considerando os níveis de dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita e os níveis de desempenho em leitura como fatores estáveis, mediante a análise de variância com um nível de significação de 0,05. Os resultados dessa análise estatística mostram que as crianças de ambos os grupos (2' e 3' séries) com dificuldades de aprendìzagem na escrita, apresentaram baixos índices de atenção e memória e aquelas sem dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita expressaram altos índices de atenção e memória, enquanto que as crianças com deficiências no desempenho em leitura manifestaram baixos índices de atenção e memória e aquelas sem deficiências na leitura expressaram altos índices de atenção e memória. Em conseqiiência, de acordo com esses resultados verificou-se a hipótese de trabalho desta pesquisa / Abstract: This study had as purpose to analyze performances in attention and memory of a group of children with and without learning difhculties in writing and reading abilities, considering that all of them have normal or superior intelligence. Under the general supposition that attention and memory constitute cognitive activities involved in the process of learning writing and reading capabilities, in which intelligence would not be relevant, the working hypothesis of this research is formulated. This hypothesis presupposes that children with learning difficulties in writing and with performance deficiencies in reading, presenting normal or superior intelligence, show low indexes of attention and memory. This is not verified with children that do not present those difhculties and deficiencies. With the purpose of verifying this hypothesis, 267 children of 2nd and 3rd series of fundamental teaching of state schools in Campinas werc examined. They were diagnosed with normal or superior intelligence through the test of Drawing the Human Figure. Then they were evaluated in its abilities of writing and reading and also in its performances for attention and memory. Using data resulting from those evaluations, variations of performance in attention and memory were realyzed considering the levels of learning difhculties in writing and the levels of performance in reading as stable, by means of analizing the variance with a level of significance of 0,05. The results of this statistical analysis showed that children from both groups (2nd and 3rd series) with learning difficulties in writing skill presented low indexes of attention and memory. Those without learning difficulties in writing skill expressed high indexes of attention and memory. Children with performance deficiencies in reading skill manifested low indexes of attention and memory and those without deficiencies in reading expressed high indexes of attention and memory. In consequence, in agreement with those results the working hypothesis of this research was verified. / Doutorado / Psicologia, Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação / Doutor em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regiane Vieira dos Santos.pdf: 3172093 bytes, checksum: 5ae029c8e2fedf0a3eb75812d96d8c73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-05 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The present study discusses some specific students problems in the acquisition of writing. The focus is directed to special, though widely spread difficulties, related to a dramatic phenomenon: the acquisition process may be interrupted because problems which affect or interferes in the student-written language relationship get stable. The data analyzed here are written composition tests applied by SARESP (Scholling Result Avaluation System from the State of São Paulo) to students still attending the so called basic education . Written texts done by those who were at the 4th grade were selected since it is expected that, at the grade, students should be able to read and write. It is worth mentioning that such a supposition is, in a large extent, frustrated. In fact, the texts we analyzed could not/cannot be read by anyone. We argue that, even so, they are real texts and should be, as such, recognizes as writing by the teachers (who simply ignore them). The theoretical basis of this study is the dialogical linguistic trend proposed by De Lemos and advanced since 1982. That theoretical approach endeavors to articulate fundamental concepts settled in two areas: la langue, the object of Linguistics, enunciated by Saussure and sustained by authors from the European Structuralism (Saussure, 1916; Jakobson, 1954, 1960 and others) and the psychoanalytic hypothesis of the unconscious, introduced by Freud (1900). The status and nature of the concept of representation is at stake here, not only because this is no doubt a crucial subject when writing is at issue, but also because this discussion sheds light on the distinction between the theoretical viewpoint adopted here and cognitive ones, which are traditional in the area of Education. Thus, this study should not be identified to either behaviorist or constructivist approaches to the process of writing acquisition/learning. This discussion was conducted in accordance with the De Lemos reflections on the child-language interdependent development and with Lier-DeVitto s proposal concerning symptomatic child-language development. This Master Thesis was carried on at LAEL-PUCSP under the supervision of Maria Francisca Lier-DeVitto, who is the leader of the CNPq Research Group Language Acquisition, language pathology ands language clinic / Esta dissertação discute a questão da dificuldade envolvida nos primeiros passos de um sujeito na escrita. Focalizo nas análises, em especial, casos em que essa dificuldade se cristaliza, tornando mais árduo o caminho de alguns alunos. De fato, quando se observa apenas suas idades, espera-se a expectativa é a de que já seriam escreventes. Os dados forma selecionados de provas do SARESP (Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar no Estado de São Paulo) - tratam-se de textos que causam ilegíveis porque, neles, os arranjos de letras não correspondem às restrições da escrita constituída. Esta dissertação alinha-se á reflexão realizada no Interacionismo em Aquisição da Linguagem, proposto por De Lemos (desde 1992), que tem como fundamento o Estruturalismo Europeu e que adota, também, a hipótese do inconsciente introduzida por Freud (1900). Em destaque estão duas autoras que, voltados para a escrita, destacaram o nome próprio como porta de entrada nesse domínio. Isso por ser notável, nos arranjos textuais que têm ares de frases com palavras, a presença das letras dos nomes das crianças. A questão da representação e do sujeito são aqui abordadas com o objetivo de deixar nítida a diferença entre o ponto de vista assumido nesta dissertação e aquele que toma é tradicional na Educação, qual seja aporte comportamentalistas e/ou construtivistas. Desta forma, afasto-se da Psicologia e, portanto, de autores como Emília Ferreiro, que entendem que o aprendiz constrói hipóteses sobre a escrita para controlar suas produções. Este trabalho se insere no Grupo de Pesquisa LAEL/CNPq: Aquisição, patologias e clínica de linguagem, liderado pela Profa. Dra. Maria Francisca Lier-DeVitto

When deciding on topics for academic research papers, many students face difficulties that vary from choosing themes whose scope is too extensive to be satisfactorily analyzed in the given task, to selecting topics that are too limited, to not being able to make a decision on a topic at all. Such struggles seem to manifest themselves in both native and non-native speakers of English. Despite extensive research on the writing process and its strategies, be it for academic writing or other genres, and even research focused on writers’ difficulties, previous research has found little about the troubles students must overcome when deciding on a research topic, and how to overcome them. This study employed a qualitative case study design with two graduate students in a master’s program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, who were enrolled in two sections of a course on research, to investigate these students’ writing processes as they defined a topic for their literature review research paper. Through an in-depth analysis of samples of their writing in combination with their verbal reports, collected during individual semi-structured interviews, this case study examined how two graduate students successfully calibrated their topics, which strategies they employed to that end, and how their instructors’ actions helped them in the process. Consequently, the findings shed light on instructional practices, and their implications for teachers’ training programs.