Até recentemente as novas tecnologias de fabricação digital só eram encontradas na indústria e em algumas universidades. Hoje essas tecnologias estão cada vez mais acessíveis e baratas e têm se consolidado como grandes aliadas no processo de projeto em áreas como Arquitetura, Design e Engenharia. Ambientes como os Fab Labs têm auxiliado o processo de desenvolvimento de produto e a realização de experimentações através da prototipagem rápida e da fabricação digital, oferecendo de forma aberta, suporte na utilização de um conjunto de ferramentas digitais. Dessa forma, buscou-se, como objetivo geral neste trabalho, evidenciar o potencial dos Fab Labs como ambientes para o uso da fabricação digital e da prototipagem rápida no processo de projeto. Como forma de atingir esse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de estudo de caso e por meio de entrevista com gestores de três Fab Labs situados no Brasil. Inicialmente, foi feita uma abordagem sobre temas como prototipagem rápida e fabricação digital, buscando o esclarecimento do tema e a formação do corpo teórico. A pesquisa bibliográfica abordou temas como tipos de protótipos e a importância do ato de prototipar. Os resultados obtidos por intermédio das entrevistas e das observações, apresenta considerações importantes em relação ao conceito Fab Lab enquanto potencializador no desenvolvimento de projetos. / Until recently the new digital manufacturing technologies were only found in the industry and some universities. Today these technologies are increasingly affordable and cheap and have been established as major allies in the design process in areas such as Architecture, Design and Engineering. Environments such as Fab Labs have aided the product development process and performing trials through rapid prototyping and digital fabrication, providing an open, support the use of a set of digital tools. Thus, it sought to, the general objective of this study was to highlight the potential of Fab Labs as environments for the use of digital manufacturing and rapid prototyping in the design process. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative survey was conducted through case study and through interviews with managers of three Fab Labs located in Brazil. Initially, an approach on issues such as rapid prototyping and digital manufacturing was made, seeking the theme of enlightenment and the formation of the theoretical body. The literature has addressed such topics as types of prototypes and the importance of prototyping act. The results obtained through the interviews and observations, presents important considerations regarding the concept Fab Lab while potentiating the development projects.

Esta pesquisa aborda os temas de fabricação digital e de sustentabilidade ambiental para propor uma sistematização metodológica do projeto e da produção de artefatos com base: (i) na estruturação de modelos conceituais, através das ferramentas de representação de projeto da orientação a objetos e (ii) na análise e na síntese de modelos precedentes. O objetivo é contribuir para o desenvolvimento de produtos e sistemas comprometidos com o meio ambiente. O levantamento bibliográfico sobre os temas selecionados e o levantamento técnico da tecnologia subtrativa de fabricação digital são os métodos adotados para propor a sistematização metodológica. Sua aplicação é feita em uma série de experimentos e o resultado obtido demonstra vantagens significativas para atender o objetivo estabelecido. / This research addresses digital fabrication and environmental sustainability to propose a systematic methodology for design and production of artifacts based on: (i) structuring of conceptual models using tools of object-oriented design and (ii) analysis and synthesis of previous models. The objective is to contribute to the development of products and systems committed with the environment. Literature on selected topics and technical research of a digital fabrication technology are the methods adopted to propose this systematic methodology. Its application is made in a series of experiments. The results show significant advantages to meet the stated objective.

Cette thèse part du constat de l’incorporation d’objets appelés « fablab », « hackerspace » ou « living lab » dans les politiques publiques. Le déploiement démultiplié de ces nouveaux « lieux » au coeur ou aux marges de l'action publique des collectivités, s’accompagne d'une sémantique associant l'innovation, l'entrepreneuriat, la flexibilité et la créativité. Cette thèse démontre qu'au-delà de ces effets rhétoriques et de la fascination qu'ils exercent (mais qui s'explique), ces objets de politiques publiques constituent une des réalités de l'action métropolitaine, sous différents registres et modalités. En se distançant des discours laudatifs qui accompagnent leur émergence, la thèse fait de l'analyse de leurs rapports au territoire et de leurs prises avec les dynamiques de l'espace urbain son objet central. La prise en compte de la complexité de l’objet de recherche et de son inscription dans une action publique en constant changement impose de s’intéresser auxlogiques de l’espace propres à la géographie et l’aménagement et de recourir aux apports d’autres disciplines, telles que la sociologie et la science politique. L’enquête articule des espaces, des temps et des méthodes d’enquête différentes. À une première enquête en France portant sur les hackerspaces, les fablabs et les living labs succède une enquête comparative à l'échelle européenne (Rennes et Toulouse en France, Gand en Belgique). La thèse expose et décrypte les promesses portées par ces lieux. Des tensions sont mises en évidence, l'une, majeure, les situant entre héritage de la contre-culture, processus de normalisation et de « récupération ». Ces tensions constituent les fils directeurs de la thèse : elles traversent l’inscription des dispositifs d’expérimentation et de fabrication numérique dans un contexte de mutations spécifiques aux villes contemporaines. La thèse éclaire également, en s'appuyant sur les notions de « monde social », de « communs » et de « communs urbains », leurs dynamiques sociales. Démontant en partie les représentationsenthousiastes dont fablabs, hackerspaces et living labs restent majoritairement l’objet, la thèse relativise leur portée en termes d’intégration et d’ouverture, autant que leur rôle dans la transformation des politiques urbaines locales. / The starting point of this doctoral research is the observation of the incorporation of objects called "fablab", "hackerspace" or "living lab" in public policies. The increased expansion of these new "places" at the heart or at the margins of public policies is supported by semantics associated with innovation, entrepreneurship, flexibility and creativity. But beyond these rhetorical effects and their fascination, it is demonstrated that these objects of public policies constitute one of the realities of the metropolitan action, under different modalities. This thesis stays away from the laudatory discourses that accompany the emergence of these objects and mainly focuses on the analysis of their relationships to the territory and the dynamics of the urban space. It has to be taken into account that the complexity of these places and their inclusion in an everevolvingpublic policy requires to use the logics of space, specific to geography and planning, and to resort to other disciplines contributions, such as sociology and political science. The investigation articulates different spaces, time periods, and survey methods. A first investigation in France on hackerspaces, fablabs and living labs was followed by a comparative investigation on a European scale (Rennes and Toulouse in France, Ghent in Belgium). The thesis exposes and interprets the promises driven by these places. Tensions are highlighted. One major tension situates these places between inheritance of the counterculture, process of normalisation and "recovery". These tensions represent the main thread of the thesis: they run through the insertion of places of experimentation and digital manufacturing in a context of changes, inherent to contemporary cities. Based on notions such as "social world", "common" and "urban commons", the thesis also sheds lights on the social dynamics of these places. Partly dismantling the enthusiastic representations regarding fablabs,hackerspaces and living labs, the thesis puts their scope in perspective in terms of integration and openness, as well as their role in the transformation of local urban policies.

Esta pesquisa aborda os temas de fabricação digital e de sustentabilidade ambiental para propor uma sistematização metodológica do projeto e da produção de artefatos com base: (i) na estruturação de modelos conceituais, através das ferramentas de representação de projeto da orientação a objetos e (ii) na análise e na síntese de modelos precedentes. O objetivo é contribuir para o desenvolvimento de produtos e sistemas comprometidos com o meio ambiente. O levantamento bibliográfico sobre os temas selecionados e o levantamento técnico da tecnologia subtrativa de fabricação digital são os métodos adotados para propor a sistematização metodológica. Sua aplicação é feita em uma série de experimentos e o resultado obtido demonstra vantagens significativas para atender o objetivo estabelecido. / This research addresses digital fabrication and environmental sustainability to propose a systematic methodology for design and production of artifacts based on: (i) structuring of conceptual models using tools of object-oriented design and (ii) analysis and synthesis of previous models. The objective is to contribute to the development of products and systems committed with the environment. Literature on selected topics and technical research of a digital fabrication technology are the methods adopted to propose this systematic methodology. Its application is made in a series of experiments. The results show significant advantages to meet the stated objective.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-04T12:22:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) BIOMIMÉTICA E ARTEFATOS PARA AMBIENTES AQUÁTICOS - Estratégia de leveza e resistencia inspiradas na estrutura celular do ~1.pdf: 9452656 bytes, checksum: 5fc75ab99d22907c133d82009ac24b3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T12:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) BIOMIMÉTICA E ARTEFATOS PARA AMBIENTES AQUÁTICOS - Estratégia de leveza e resistencia inspiradas na estrutura celular do ~1.pdf: 9452656 bytes, checksum: 5fc75ab99d22907c133d82009ac24b3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / A biomimética visa o estudo das estratégias da natureza, tendo-a como princípio e inspiração para solução de problemas de design e outras áreas. Esta pesquisa é uma abordagem alternativa para processos de geração de soluções no design de estruturas de pranchas de surf. Atualmente os materiais e processos produtivos destes artefatos ainda estão distantes dos aspectos ecológicos e de um ciclo de vida de produto sustentável. Existem algumas alternativas, onde as pranchas são fabricadas com materiais orgânicos, como por exemplo, o Agave, porém ainda com processos ultrapassados, contrários às estratégias da natureza, que atuam num optimum de economia de matéria e energia, dentro de um ciclo de vida sustentável bem definido. Com base na metodologia DesignLens (Biomimicry Institute 3.8), os ensinamentos da natureza aliados à tecnologia representam potencial de inovação em design e sustentabilidade. Quando processos de design paramétrico foram incorporados à fabricação digital, se permitiu atingir um nível de materialização muito próximo das estratégias da natureza. Verificou-se que a aplicação de tecnologias digitais tem grande relevância para o futuro das áreas de projeto, principalmente quando alinhadas aos princípios de sistemas biológicos. Esta pesquisa obteve parte da validação através da impressão 3D de uma secção de uma prancha de surf como exemplo de aplicação, dentre muitas alternativas para as estratégias do Agave em estruturas. / Biomimetics aims study of the strategies of nature, having it as a principle and inspiration for design and troubleshooting other áreas. This research is an alternative approach to the processes of generation of solutions in the surfboards design. Currently the materials and production processes of these artifacts are still distant from ecological aspects and a sustainable product life cycle. There are some alternatives, where the boards are made with organic materials, as for example, Agave, but with outdated processes, contrary to nature, strategies that work in an optimum of economy of matter and energy, within a sustainable life cycle. Based on the DesignLens methodology (Biomimicry Institute 3.8), the teachings of nature coupled with technology represent potential for innovation in design and sustainability. When parametric design processes have been incorporated into the digital fabrication, if allowed to reach a level of materialization very close of the strategies of nature. The application of digital technologies has great relevance to the future of the project areas, especially when aligned to the principles of biological systems. This research obtained part of the validation through the 3D printing of a section of a surfboard as an example of application, among many alternatives for the strategies of Agave in structures.

A consolidação do processo de Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM) tende a contribuir para o aumento da eficiência da indústria da construção civil, fomentando novos fluxos de trabalho e permitindo o reuso de informações ao longo do ciclo de vida dos empreendimentos. Apesar do potencial de integração e automação associados ao processo BIM, o uso das informações digitais contidas no modelo para facilitar a pré-fabricação de produtos para a construção mostra-se incipiente. Nota-se que emprego da fabricação digital encontra obstáculos sobretudo em setores que atuam de modo segregado, e que por isto mesmo demandam sinergia, bem como o uso de normas e padrões que possibilitem a interoperabilidade e reuso das informações geradas nas fases anteriores a fabricação. Neste contexto, foi feita uma análise do uso da fabricação digital aplicada ao processamento industrial de aço para estruturas de concreto armado (corte e dobra). Embora os fabricantes que atuam neste setor possuam suporte a interface digital com os demais agentes, a configuração de sua cadeia de produtiva, bem como os processos tradicionalmente adotados, promovem a ocorrência de ilhas de automação ligadas por transferência manual e reentrada de dados. Como forma de reduzir a intervenção manual para a transcrição dos dados, propõe-se o uso do esquema de dados Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) na fabricação digital de componentes de armadura. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma solução técnica, baseada no esquema IFC, aos requisitos de troca de informação necessários no fluxo de trabalho proposto. Com base nos requisitos de troca identificados por meio do método Information Delivery Manual (IDM), apresenta-se como essas informações podem ser mapeadas e qual o subconjunto de dados necessários à fabricação digital baseada no esquema IFC4. Por fim, apresenta-se a documentação e validação da solução técnica desenvolvida de acordo com o método Model View Definition (MVD) e com o uso da ferramenta ifcDoc. Após a realização de testes com base no esquema IFC4 foi constatada a viabilidade para recuperação dos dados contidos no modelo. Entretanto também foi identificada a carência de ferramentas comerciais que suportem tal funcionalidade. / The consolidation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) possibly contributes to the increase of the efficiency in the construction industry, by fostering new workflows and data reuse throughout projects life cycle. Despite the potential for integration and automation associated with BIM, the use of the digital information contained in the model to facilitate prefabrication of construction products is still incipient. The digital fabrication finds obstacles in sectors that act in a segregated manner, henceforth needs standard adoption to allow reuse of the information generated in the phases prior to production. In this context, it was analyzed the use of digital fabrication applied to the industrial processing of reinforcement bars for concrete structures (rebar cutting and bending). Although the fabricators who act in this sector already have support to the digital interface with other agents, the supply chain configuration adopted by the Brazilian market, as well as the traditional paper-based processes employed, promote the occurrence of \"islands of automation\" connected by manual data transfer. In order to reduce the need for manual intervention for data re-interpretation and re-entry, it is proposed to use the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data schema to promote the digital interface between the reinforcing bar supply chain stakeholder\'s. This work aims to present an IFC-based technical solution to the fabricator\'s information requirements by means of the Information Delivery Manual (IDM) and Model View Definition (MVD) standards. On the basis of the exchange requirements specified by rebar fabricator through IDM method, it is presented the IFC schema subset entailed and how this information can be mapped in order to allow the use of IFC on the cut & bend rebar supply chain. Finally, the technical solution was documented in an MVD and validate with the ifcDoc tool. After conducting validation tests based on the IFC4 schema, it was verified the viability to recover the data contained in the model. However, the lack of commercial tools that support such functionality has also been identified.

<div><div><div><p>The exceptional long-term performance of concrete is a primary reason that this material represents a significant portion of the construction industry. However, a portion of this construction material is prone to premature deterioration for multi-physical durability issues such as internal frost damage, restrained shrinkage damage, and aggregate susceptibility to fracture. Since each durability issue is associated with a unique damage mechanism, this study aims at investigating the underlying physical mechanisms individually by characterizing the mechanical and thermal properties development and indicating how each unique damage mechanism may compromise the properties development over the design life of the material.</p><p>The first contribution of this work is on the characterization of thermal behavior of porous media (e.g., cement-based material) with a complex solid-fluid coupling subject to thermal cycling. By combining Young-Kelvin-Laplace equation with a computational heat transfer approach, we can calculate the contributions of (i) pore pressure development associated with solidification and melting of pore fluid, (ii) pore size distribution, and (iii) equilibrium phase diagram of multiple phase change materials, to the thermal response of porous mortar and concrete during freezing/thawing cycles. Our first finding indicates that the impact of pore size (and curvature) on freezing is relatively insignificant, while the effect of pore size is much more significant during melting. The fluid inside pores smaller than 5 nm (i.e., gel pores) has a relatively small contribution in the macroscopic freeze-thaw behavior of mortar specimens within the temperature range used in this study (i.e., +24 °C to -35 °C). Our second finding shows that porous cementitious composites containing lightweight aggregates (LWAs) impregnated with an organic phase change material (PCM) as thermal energy storage (TES) agents have the significant capability of improving the freeze-thaw performance. We also find that the phase transitions associated with the freezing/melting of PCM occur gradually over a narrow temperature range (rather than an instantaneous event). The pore size effect of LWA on freezing and melting behavior of PCM is found to be relatively small. Through validation of simulation results with lab-scale experimental data, we then employ the model to investigate the effectiveness of PCMs with various transition temperatures on reducing the impact of freeze-thaw cycling within concrete pavements located in different regions of United States.</p><div><div><div><p>The second contribution of this work is on quantification of mechanical properties development of cementitious composites across multiple length scales, and two damage mechanisms associated with aggregate fracture and restrained shrinkage cracking that lead to compromising the long-term durability of the material. The former issue is addressed by combining finite element method-based numerical tools, computational homogenization techniques, and analytical methods, where we observe a competing fracture mechanism for early- age cracking at two length scales of mortar (meso-level) and concrete (macro-level). When the tensile strength of the cement paste is lower than the tensile strength of the aggregate phase, the crack propagates across the paste. When the tensile strength of the cement paste exceeds that of the aggregate, the cracks begin to deflect and propagate through the aggregates. As such, a critical degree of hydration (associated with a particular time) exists below which the cement paste phase is weaker than the aggregate phase at the onset of hydration. This has implications on the inference of kinetic based parameters from mechanical testing (e.g., activation energy). Next, we focus on digital fabrication of a cement paste structure with controlled architecture to allow for mitigating the intrinsic damage induced by inherent shrinkage behavior followed by extrinsic damage exerted by external loading. Our findings show that the interfaces between the printed filaments tend to behave as the first layer of protection by enabling the structure to accommodate the damage by deflecting the microcrack propagation into the stable configuration of interfaces fabricated between the filaments of first and second layers. This fracture behavior promotes the damage localization within the first layer (i.e., sacrificial layer), without sacrificing the overall strength of specimen by inhibiting the microcrack advancement into the neighboring layers, promoting a novel damage localization mechanism. This study is undertaken to characterize the shrinkage-induced internal damage in 7-day 3D-printed and cast specimens qualitatively using X-ray microtomography (μCT) technique in conjunction with multiple mechanical testing, and finite element numerical modeling. As the final step, the second layer of protection is introduced by offering an enhanced damage resistance property through employing bioinspired Bouligand architectures, promoting a damage delocalization mechanism throughout the specimen. This novel integration of damage localization-delocalization mechanisms allows the material to enhance its flaw tolerant properties and long-term durability characteristics, where the reduction in the modulus of rupture (MOR) of hardened cement paste (hcp) elements with restrained shrinkage racking has been significantly improved by ~ 25% when compared to their conventionally cast hcp counterparts.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>

My degree project aims to create a set of furniture and space which all “warped” by the voices of my beloved family member. I investigated how to record and translate the voices and materialize them into furniture. I processed the emotion of missing my family by materializing their voices through my “voice embedding methods.” Which I translate voices into form.  My “warped” space aims to reflect the power of human emotions. The voice curves that I extract from the “voice warping method” are rich in information and emotions. I want this “warping complexity” to question the ideology of the clean and empty “ideal space,” which is the tendency in today’s interior architecture and furniture design.

The potential of digitally fabricated concrete (DFC) to produce terrain responsive designs has not been thoroughly investigated. Existing research indicates diverse benefits of DFC, such as the rapid fabrication of customized geometries. This research clarifies the advantages and design processes involved in creating site-specific DFC structures. Existing literature is analyzed to provide an overview of fabrication methods and their impacts and constraints on design. Parametric scripting is used to develop an interactive toolkit that integrates aesthetic, structural, and fabrication considerations into the design process. This toolkit specifically focuses on unreinforced retaining walls with interchangeable modules for terrain analysis, wall form generation, structural analysis, and fabrication analysis. The toolkit provides valuable feedback, such as identifying optimum wall proportions, and enables rapid design explorations. The findings affirm the value of exploratory design tools in managing fabrication complexities. Additionally, by recreating an existing amphitheater, the research indicates that DFC can create site-specific geometries that draw from the surrounding terrain.

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