Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo lológico conduzido sobre um manuscrito do século XVII contido no COD. 13282 da Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal o Sumario de todas as cousas succedidas em Berberia desde o tempo que começou a reinar o Xarife Mulei Mahamet no anno de 1573 te o m do anno de sua morte 1578 no dia da batalha d\'Alcaçer Quibir, em que se perdeo Dom Sebastiam Rey de Portugal. Além do códice em questão, o texto é registrado em outro manuscrito o Ms. No 41, Serie 2422 da Biblioteca Nacional de Espanha, editado em 1987 por Francisco Loureiro com o título Crónica do Xarife Mulei Mahamet e del-Rey D. Sebastião (1573-1578). O tratamento reservado ao texto por Loureiro a preferência por uma edição modernizada, não precedida por outra que respeitasse a língua original, unido ao fato de o estudioso desconhecer o manuscrito da BNP dene um problema. O que se esconde por trás da proposta de Loureiro é a representação de uma questão maior, que abarca difusamente as práticas de publicação dos relatos e crônicas sobre as relações luso-marroquinas. Por isso, fez-se essencial repassar as principais perspectivas metodológicas concernentes às edições deste conjunto documental. A partir de tal reexão, o presente trabalho assume como tarefa disponibilizar ao público acadêmico uma fonte para a História da Língua em uma forma adequada, propondo uma descrição codicológica do manuscrito da BNP juntamente com sua edição diplomática. A metodologia adotada reete principalmente a proposta teórica de Ivo Castro e Maria Ana Ramos (1986), que sugerem basear as escolhas editorias na distinção entre estratégia e táticas de transcrição, introduzindo o conceito de campo bibliográco. / In this work we report on a philological study of a 17th century manuscript included in COD. 13282 of the National Library of Portugal the Sumario de todas as cousas succedidas em Berberia desde o tempo que começou a reinar o Xarife Mulei Mahamet no anno de 1573 te o m do anno de sua morte 1578 no dia da batalha d\'Alcaçer Quibir, em que se perdeo Dom Sebastiam Rey de Portugal. The text is also contained in the Ms. No 41 Serie 2422 of the National Library of Spain, published in 1987 by Francisco Loureiro, who entitled it Crónica do Xarife Mulei Mahamet e del-Rey D. Sebastião (1573-1578). However, Loureiro\'s editorial choices (e.g. his preference for a modernized edition, not preceded by another that would respect the original language of the text, besides the fact he was not aware of the existence of the BNP manuscript) represent a problem. Moreover, Loureiro\'s proposal takes back to a broader issue, which regards the publication practices of the chronicles and historical accounts about Portuguese occupation of Barbary. Therefore, we examined the main methodologies used for the publication of these documents. From these reections, we assumed the task of making a linguistic source avaliable to the academic audience, by proposing a codicological description of the BNP manuscript and its diplomatic edition. The methodology adopted refers mainly to the theoretical proposal of Ivo Castro and Maria Ana Ramos (1986), who suggest to establish the editorial criteria upon the distinction between transcription strategy and tactics and introduce the concept of bibliographical eld.

La médiatisation des activités boursières suscite un regain d’intérêt en sciences humaines et sociales. Cette thèse aborde ce sujet sous l’angle de sa formation historique : nous cherchons à décrire le processus de codification d’une écriture journalistique. En France, la chronique boursière a une date de naissance. Le 29 janvier 1838, le banquier et idéologue saint-simonien Isaac Pereire publie une « Revue de la Bourse de Paris » dans le Journal des débats. Vingt ans plus tard, chaque grand quotidien généraliste emploie un chroniqueur boursier ou bulletinier, qui se rend quotidiennement aux séances du Palais Brongniart. Ainsi se trouvent posés les termes d’une acceptabilité : la chronique boursière se dote graduellement des traits d’une rubrique journalistique standardisée. Le sous-titre de notre thèse en énonce les trois objectifs principaux. Il est successivement question de situer l’avènement du journalisme boursier dans le cadre d’une métamorphose générale des cultures textuelles, de décrire le développement d’une écriture journalistique de la donnée et enfin, de rendre compte de l’état des archives numérisées, qui nous parviennent sous la forme d’un journalisme en données. Nous avons souhaité tirer parti de la numérisation massive de la presse ancienne pour constituer des corpus élargis. À partir de notre application Pyllica, nous avons pu récupérer les chroniques boursières hebdomadaires du Journal des débats parues de 1838 à 1870. Le traitement automatisé des données textuelles (ou text mining) permet de situer avec précision les évolutions structurelles de procédés stylistiques. Cette thèse se présente ainsi comme une contribution à l’étude informatisée des poétiques journalistiques. / The mediatization of stock exchange activities has stirred a renewed interest in social sciences. This doctoral thesis tackles this topic through its historical development : it aims to describe the codification of a journalistic writing. In France, the stock exchange section has its Anno Dominici : on the 29th January 1838, the businessman and saint-simonian thinker Isaac Pereire launches a « Revue de la Bourse de Paris » in the Journal des débats. Twenty years later, each significant French daily has recruited a stock exchange chronicler. The main purpose of our work consist in identifying the factors that brought a shapeless text into a standard journalistic section. The subtitle of this thesis addresses three subsequent ambitions : to clarify the general setting that has allowed the creation of financial journalism, to analyze the establishment of a vintage form of “data journalism” and, then, to indicate that this older form of “data journalism” has been read as a set of data. The massive digitization of old newspapers has created the opportunity to study wider corpora. We developed an application, Pyllica, to scrap the collections of the French National Library and were able to store in a database all the weekly stock exchange sections published in the Journal des Débats from 1838 to 1870. The use of text mining techniques has allowed to determine precisely the evolution of stylistic and editorial motives. This thesis thus appears as a general contribution to the digital study of newspaper poetics.

Cette thèse explore les ventes aux enchères publiques parisiennes, en analysant le lancement de nouveaux marchés artistiques entre les années 1830 et 1939. Pour cela, une base de données de 2 126 catalogues a été constituée, soit 286 076 œuvres intégralement retranscrites, puis ce corpus a été associé aux procès-verbaux des ventes correspondantes, conservés aux archives de Paris. Ces documents fournissent des informations sur les prix d’adjudication des objets, les vendeurs et les adjudicataires, et permettent ainsi de retracer précisément la provenance des œuvres, tout en menant une analyse quantitative du marché et des collections. Les procès-verbaux ont été complétés par les archives des commissaires-priseurs parisiens, en particulier leurs quitus ou relevés de comptes individuels.L’ensemble de ces sources a été pris en compte pour identifier ces « nouveaux » marchés artistiques et les acteurs qui firent le pari des enchères, en s’interrogeant sur les dispositifs de mise en valeur qui permirent d’assurer – ou non – le succès de leur lancement dans l’arène des ventes publiques. Cette interrogation touche l’histoire de l’art de façon très intime puisqu’elle analyse, de façon diachronique, le regard que les prescripteurs et les collectionneurs portèrent sur certains objets, les érigeant ou non au rang d’« œuvres » d’art. De façon corollaire, il s’agira d’étudier les raisons du succès ou de l’échec de tel ou tel type d’objets, ou de certains artistes plutôt que d’autres. Pour répondre à ces questions, une méthodologie pluridisciplinaire a été développée en histoire de l’art, utilisant les outils de visualisation propres aux humanités numériques et empruntant des techniques et des concepts à l’économie et à la sociologie. / This research investigates the Parisian auction sales from the 1830 until the interwar period, with a particular focus on the launching of new artistic markets. To do so, 2,126 auction catalogues were collected and transcribed, then matched with the minutes of the sales, curated at the archives de Paris. This data gathering led to global yet accurate set of 286 076 artworks – paintings, drawings, sculptures, antiques, Asian, Oriental, pre-Columbian and “primitive” artefacts – mentioning the description of the works, their hammer prices and the identity of both sellers and purchasers. In addition of this corpus, the auctioneers’ archives were analyzed, with a particular focus on their individual quitus or account statements. Reconsidering the history of taste, these sources allow to identify the new artefacts which were sold at auction, the players who bet on these novelties, their incentives, and the market mechanisms they used in order to promote them – with success or not. A transdisciplinary methodology, based on art history, economics, sociology and digital humanities, enables to answer these issues.

Past research has shown that dialogic communication has essential characteristics that foster two-way communication between organizations and their stakeholders. This study investigates how public relations firms incorporate the principles of dialogic communication on their websites. The top and bottom 50 websites from the Holmes report on Top 250 Global PR agency rankings were content analyzed. Kent and Taylor’s (1998, 2003) five principles of dialogic communication were applied to find out if public relations firms incorporate the principle of dialogic communication effectively on their websites, provide relevant information for stakeholders and prospective clients, and if there are differences between PR rankings in terms of website usability and the dialogic loop. Findings reveal that bottom 50 PR websites are not as dialogic as the top 50 PR websites. In addition, the study revealed that both top and bottom to a considerable extent incorporated the principles of dialogic communication.

In recent years, having evolved beyond solely play-based interactions, it is now possible to analyze video games alongside other narrative forms, such as novels and films. Video games now involve rich stories that require input and interaction on behalf of the player. This level of agency likens video games to a kind of modern hypertext, networking and weaving various narrative threads together, something which traditional modes of media lack. When examined from the lens of reader-response criticism, this interaction deepens even further, acknowledging the player’s experience as a valid interpretation of a video game’s plot. The wide freedom of choice available to players, in terms of both play and story, in 2007’s Mass Effect, along with its critical reception, represents a turning point in the study of video games as literature, exemplifying the necessity for player input in undergoing a narrative-filled journey. Active participation and non-linear storytelling, typified through gaming, are major steps in the next the evolution of narrative techniques, which requires the broadening of literary criticism to incorporate this new development.

This dissertation explores gender codes within the intersection of two American pop culture staples, video games and rock music, by conducting a feminist analysis of two video games (Rock Band and Rocksmith). Both video games and rock music have had their share of feminist academic critique: Musicologists point out how lack of canonical inclusion, gendered attitudes towards instruments, and messages from supporting media create an unwelcome environment for women to pursue a rock music career. Game studies scholars have examined similar attitudes, including a lack of women represented in both the video games and the studios that create them. Through a mix of creator and player interviews, participant observation, content analysis, and autoethnography, I look at the intersection of these two literatures (the rock music video game) to see how gender is hard-coded into the game, and what opportunities, if any, exist for subversion of societal and industry gender norms. Through not just looking at the game as text, I present a more “thick description” of a video game that takes into account the creators of the games, the players that play them, and a researcher that occupies multiple identities within the space. I argue that, in an effort to replicate an authentic rock musician experience in a video game, Rock Band and Rocksmith often replicate a lot of these gendered messages. The games’ text and set list emphasize a male-centric rock music canon. Rocksmith’s original whiskey-soaked visual design and marketing skew heavily towards an older male demographic. However, resistances to these codes exist in both the players who defy expectations by showing up to perform and compete, as well as the creators who actively work to make these games more inclusive via changes to future games as well as inclusive hiring practices, marketing, and music sourcing (with varying degrees of success).

A griotte in West African culture is a female professional storyteller, responsible for preserving a tribe's history and genealogy by relaying its folklore in oral and musical recitations. Similarly, Griotte is an interdisciplinary project that seeks to foster collaboration between tradition bearers, subject experts, and computer specialists in an effort to build high quality digital oral history collections. To accomplish this objective, this project preserves the primary strength of oral history, namely its ability to disclose "our" intangible culture, and addresses its primary criticism, namely its dubious reliability due to reliance on human memory and integrity. For a theoretical foundation and a systematic model, William Moss's work on the evidentiary value of historical sources is employed. Using his work as a conceptual framework, along with Semantic Web technologies (e.g. Topic Maps and ontologies), a demonstrator system is developed to provide digital oral history tools to a "sample" of the target audience(s). This demonstrator system is evaluated via two methods: 1) a case study conducted to employ the system in the actual building of a digital oral history collection (this step also created sample data for the following assessment), and 2) a survey which involved a task-based evaluation of the demonstrator system. The results of the survey indicate that integrating oral histories with documentary evidence increases the evidentiary value of oral histories. Furthermore, the results imply that individuals are more likely to use oral histories in their work if their evidentiary value is increased. The contributions of this research – primarily in the area of organizing metadata on the World Wide Web – and considerations for future research are also provided.

數位人文是近年來數位科技應用的一種重要趨勢，是一個結合數位技術與人文研究的新興領域，透過資訊科學的技術並結合大量數位化的文史資料，輔助文史學者進行較深入的人文研究，彌補並獲得在數位化之前無法用人工逐一比對所觀察到的現象或新的詮釋。 本研究以「中國近現代思想及文學史專業數據庫」的大量文史資料作為基礎，希望建構出一個能協助文史學者對中國近現代史的歷史觀念或現象較有效率的進行分析之檢索系統。本系統讓研究者可以透過具代表性的檢索詞彙與檢索條件搜尋出與欲研究的議題相關的文獻集合，再利用PAT Tree(Patricia tree)技術與自身的專業知識，擷取出研究議題底下的專業關鍵詞彙，並針對有興趣的關鍵詞彙或關鍵詞彙組合進行相關的時序分析，提供研究者以不同的面向觀察並詮釋出新的趨勢和結論。 我們找了一些具有文史工作相關背景經驗的使用者來實際使用本系統，並進行系統滿意度的評估，從評估的結果得知大部份的使用者都給了不錯的滿意度回饋，顯示本系統對於研究者在進行相關的文史研究上，可以達到一定程度的助益。 / In recent years, digital humanities have become an important trend of the application of information technologies. It’s an emerging field by combining information technologies with humanities studies. Historians can make intensive humanities studies through the combination of information science technologies and numerous digitized historical data, finding the new historical phenomenon that cannot be obtained by manual handling the historical data. In this paper, we construct an information retrieval and analysis system based on the text material available at the Database for the Study of Modern Chinese Thought and Literature that can help historians to make historical studies more efficiently. The system can let historians find the key documents which are related to the historical studies they make by representative search word. Besides, the system can use the PAT Tree (Patricia tree) method to extract useful keywords, with the help of historians to finalize the keyword selection. The system can also do the time analysis of one keyword or two keywords and help historians make new conclusions of historical studies. We let some people who have historical work experience use the system and let them evaluate the system. Most of the evaluation results are good. It means that the system can help historians to make historical studies more efficiently.

Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo lológico conduzido sobre um manuscrito do século XVII contido no COD. 13282 da Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal o Sumario de todas as cousas succedidas em Berberia desde o tempo que começou a reinar o Xarife Mulei Mahamet no anno de 1573 te o m do anno de sua morte 1578 no dia da batalha d\'Alcaçer Quibir, em que se perdeo Dom Sebastiam Rey de Portugal. Além do códice em questão, o texto é registrado em outro manuscrito o Ms. No 41, Serie 2422 da Biblioteca Nacional de Espanha, editado em 1987 por Francisco Loureiro com o título Crónica do Xarife Mulei Mahamet e del-Rey D. Sebastião (1573-1578). O tratamento reservado ao texto por Loureiro a preferência por uma edição modernizada, não precedida por outra que respeitasse a língua original, unido ao fato de o estudioso desconhecer o manuscrito da BNP dene um problema. O que se esconde por trás da proposta de Loureiro é a representação de uma questão maior, que abarca difusamente as práticas de publicação dos relatos e crônicas sobre as relações luso-marroquinas. Por isso, fez-se essencial repassar as principais perspectivas metodológicas concernentes às edições deste conjunto documental. A partir de tal reexão, o presente trabalho assume como tarefa disponibilizar ao público acadêmico uma fonte para a História da Língua em uma forma adequada, propondo uma descrição codicológica do manuscrito da BNP juntamente com sua edição diplomática. A metodologia adotada reete principalmente a proposta teórica de Ivo Castro e Maria Ana Ramos (1986), que sugerem basear as escolhas editorias na distinção entre estratégia e táticas de transcrição, introduzindo o conceito de campo bibliográco. / In this work we report on a philological study of a 17th century manuscript included in COD. 13282 of the National Library of Portugal the Sumario de todas as cousas succedidas em Berberia desde o tempo que começou a reinar o Xarife Mulei Mahamet no anno de 1573 te o m do anno de sua morte 1578 no dia da batalha d\'Alcaçer Quibir, em que se perdeo Dom Sebastiam Rey de Portugal. The text is also contained in the Ms. No 41 Serie 2422 of the National Library of Spain, published in 1987 by Francisco Loureiro, who entitled it Crónica do Xarife Mulei Mahamet e del-Rey D. Sebastião (1573-1578). However, Loureiro\'s editorial choices (e.g. his preference for a modernized edition, not preceded by another that would respect the original language of the text, besides the fact he was not aware of the existence of the BNP manuscript) represent a problem. Moreover, Loureiro\'s proposal takes back to a broader issue, which regards the publication practices of the chronicles and historical accounts about Portuguese occupation of Barbary. Therefore, we examined the main methodologies used for the publication of these documents. From these reections, we assumed the task of making a linguistic source avaliable to the academic audience, by proposing a codicological description of the BNP manuscript and its diplomatic edition. The methodology adopted refers mainly to the theoretical proposal of Ivo Castro and Maria Ana Ramos (1986), who suggest to establish the editorial criteria upon the distinction between transcription strategy and tactics and introduce the concept of bibliographical eld.

Digitization that has enabled instant access to vast numbers of archival, historical images, demands a new paradigm for the use of visual imagery in historical research. This thesis proposes a new form of historiography in the digital medium, an image-based narrative mode for authoring and reading history. I propose a digital model for conveying history through the visual record, as an alternative to the printed book. Unlike the quantitative “big data” approach to digital humanities, this research explores visuality itself. In a practice-led approach, the research addresses both aspects of historiography: (1) a method of historical representation; and (2) original historical work on a selected topic. The testbed for historiographic and narrative experiments which led to the model was my case study on the Boxer Uprising in China, c. 1900. While many written histories of the Boxer Uprising exist, I collected a large portion of its extensive visual record for the first time. Sources from around the world, in a variety of media, were assembled into a digital data set that reveals previously unexplored historical themes. A series of visual narratives built in the case study culminated in a proposed “Visual Narrative Field” model. In this model, meaning emerges in the patterns observed between images within a complex visual field. The model vertically integrates three narrative approaches in order to support alternating cognitive modes used to read texts and perceive images. Linear concentration is blended with the non-linear exploration of interactive forms. The model provides historians with a much-needed tool for authoring narrative through relationships between images in a scalable approach. Due to digitization, visual databases are easily assembled, and images are as easily reproduced as written text. The Visual Narrative Field model takes advantage of the characteristics of the newly-digitized visual record, providing a means of authoring visual narrative that can be comprehended without the use of extensive written text. The model thus creates an unprecedented image-based method for performing and presenting historical research.