Den här studien undersöker hur förutsättningar för lärande förändras genom digital humanities.Utgångspunkt för lärande hämtas ur designteoretiskt multimodalt perspektiv. Teoretiskutgångspunkt för att uppnå förståelse inom digital humanities är hermeneutisk teori. Studien hargenomförts med den öppna metoden litteraturanalys och analyserar antologin DigitalHumanities Pedagogy: Principles, Practices, Politics. Studien belyser digital humanities utifrånolika kunskapsskapande aktiviteter inom lärande och hur lärande kan främjas genom digitalaverktyg och inlärningsmiljöer. Studien belyser exempel på hur digital humanities ställer nyakrav på undervisning och den lärande samt att digitala öppna universitet med fri tillgång tillmaterial och undervisning, förändrar förutsättningarna för institutioner. / New digital open universitites with free access to knowledge change the conditions of how learning occurs. This is a study into the new conditions of learning through the digital humanities. A designtheoretical multimodal perspective as well as hermeneutic thoery have been deployed to problematize the digital humanities. The study has been performed with the open method of literature analyses and the anthology Digital Humanities Pedagogy: Principles, Practices, Politics has been the object of study. The study questions the digital humanities from knowledge creating activities within learning and, at the same time, how learning may benefit from interacting with the digital. The study concludes what the effects of the digital humanities may be on theories of learning, on the student and on the institutions

In this thesis I examine current and future uses of Big Data in archaeology. New technologies have enabled a range of data capture, data storage, and analyses. Digitization in our society has brought new ways of working for archaeologists and the increased amount of data affects how we can understand the world. Big Data reshapes the research process and creates new risks and opportunities for digital archaeology. Several sources have been examined in order to understand what this looks like in archaeology, such as articles published in the journal Internet Archaeology, a questionnaire answered by archaeologists and digital humanists, interviews by two representatives of archaeology, one representative of digital humanities and a chatbot.  The archaeological material has become more accessible. Big Data contributes to data-driven science which enforces a paradigm shift. As data is created faster in various ways and to a voluminous extent archaeologists are forced to work with issues related to the management and storage of data. Digital humanists and archaeologists emphasize that Big Data brings efficient working methods and analyses that can contribute with new questions and reliable knowledge. This can increase the relevance of humanities subjects in the research community. That being said, the nature of Big Data often includes quantitative structured data and its result can be characterized as objective and trustworthy. Perceptions of data as bias-free and that Big Data affects theory to become obsolete may jeopardize the use of source criticism. There is a lack of standardization in how to measure and store data in archaeology which contributes to decontextualization of data. I urge that archaeologists should reflect on how cutting edge data-modeling and AI-modeling can assist in the research process as well as how ethical aspects of data should be considered in order not to risk interpretations overlooking people, places and practices.

The overarching theme of the thesis concerns the terminology aspect of searchability in digitalised archival data. The aim of the work is to analyse material from two archives (The Institute for Language and Folklore (ISOF) and The Nordic Museum) on the subject of sprang and the names of that technique during the 20th century in a Swedish rural setting. The questions posed to the material concern geographic occurrence, descriptions, confusions due to homonyms, and the origins of names. The theoretical foundation is based in relationships like ideology, gender, and power. The idea of nationalism through symbols like names is used to analyse the material. The method is archival research, based in the two archives and a small case-study of the names used for sprang objects in the database digitaltmuseum.se (containing several Swedish museum collections). Key words are used in the search and in total twenty-six hits are examined. The material is categorised in geographic position, names used, and whether it is sprang or not.  The study finds an occurrence of sprang in a rural context later in time, and further north in geography than the literature on the subject would suggest. The case study shows that some confusion in terminology exists between museums, and sometimes within the collection of a single museum. The study suggests that technical terms should be preferred by institutions rather than rural, folkloric, names.

In this century and the last, serious efforts have been made to digitize the content housed by libraries across the world. In order to open up these volumes to content-based information retrieval, independent elements such as headlines, body text, bylines, images and captions ideally need to be connected semantically as article-level units. To query on facets such as author, section, content type or other metadata, further processing of these documents is required. Even though humans have shown exceptional ability to segment different types of elements into related components, even in languages foreign to them, this task has proven difficult for computers. The challenge of semantic segmentation in newspapers lies in the diversity of the medium: Newspapers have vastly different layouts, covering diverse content, from news articles to ads to weather reports. State-of-the-art object detection and segmentation models have been trained to detect and segment real-world objects. It is not clear whether these architectures can perform equally well when applied to scanned images of printed text. In the domain of newspapers, in addition to the images themselves, we have access to textual information through Optical Character Recognition. The recent progress made in the field of instance segmentation of real-world objects using deep learning techniques begs the question: Can the same methodology be applied in the domain of newspaper articles? In this thesis we investigate one possible approach to encode the textual signal into the image in an attempt to improve performance. Based on newspapers from the National Library of Sweden, we investigate the predictive power of visual and textual features and their capacity to generalize across different typographic designs. Results show impressive mean Average Precision scores (>0:9) for test sets sampled from the same newspaper designs as the training data when using only the image modality. / I detta och det förra århundradet har kraftiga åtaganden gjorts för att digitalisera traditionellt medieinnehåll som tidigare endast tryckts i pappersformat. För att kunna stödja sökningar och fasetter i detta innehåll krävs bearbetning påsemantisk nivå, det vill säga att innehållet styckas upp påartikelnivå, istället för per sida. Trots att människor har lätt att dela upp innehåll påsemantisk nivå, även påett främmande språk, fortsätter arbetet för automatisering av denna uppgift. Utmaningen i att segmentera nyhetsartiklar återfinns i mångfalden av utseende och format. Innehållet är även detta mångfaldigt, där man återfinner allt ifrån faktamässiga artiklar, till debatter, listor av fakta och upplysningar, reklam och väder bland annat. Stora framsteg har gjorts inom djupinlärning just för objektdetektering och semantisk segmentering bara de senaste årtiondet. Frågan vi ställer oss är: Kan samma metodik appliceras inom domänen nyhetsartiklar? Dessa modeller är skapta för att klassificera världsliga ting. I denna domän har vi tillgång till texten och dess koordinater via en potentiellt bristfällig optisk teckenigenkänning. Vi undersöker ett sätt att utnyttja denna textinformation i ett försök att förbättra resultatet i denna specifika domän. Baserat pådata från Kungliga Biblioteket undersöker vi hur väl denna metod lämpar sig för uppstyckandet av innehåll i tidningar längsmed tidsperioder där designen förändrar sig markant. Resultaten visar att Mask R-CNN lämpar sig väl för användning inom domänen nyhetsartikelsegmentering, även utan texten som input till modellen.

Our whole society is affected by the digitisation process. The policies of the Swedish government encourage the cultural heritage organizations to strategically develop the digitisation of their collections. These strategies often aim to make the collections more accessible but there is not much research about how researchers who have use of the digital information meet with the digital collections. The intention of this thesis is to study four researchers in the field of humanities who have textile objects as source material, and their professional experience of the digitisation of the cultural heritage. The researchers were interviewed in a semi-structured qualitative way, and the interviews were recorded and transcribed for analyzation of the data collected.  The main result of the study is that the digital access of research material represents an improvement of their work when it comes to getting a quick and easy overview of their research subject which also represent a chance to improve the research quality by being able to compare and search for similar objects all over the world without having to travel to the collections. It has also become cheaper because of less travelling. Being able to take digital photos is also a big improvement compared to analogue photographs that are expensive and takes time to develop. One negative aspect that the study shows, is that the information in digital collections often lacks the quality that the researchers need, for example close-up pictures or relevant and reliable metadata. The researchers also experience an uncertainty in how to use the digital tools and computer programs in an effectively way and expresses a need for more knowledge about the different IT-systems. This thesis shows that the research topics seem to change due to the digitisation, partly because of the technological possibilities that new methods offers. Digital humanities points to this as a possibility to develop the research in the field of humanities and explore new areas that cannot be done without the digital methods.

The scope of this thesis is to show how the use of maps in political and scientific arguments functions as a mediator between ideological discourse and the physical landscape. This is done by studying three maps displaying the same geographical region but from different times and with different motifs. The maps were studied by operationalizing the French Sociologist Bruno Latour’s concept of immu-table mobiles into a methodological toolset.The thesis shows that the cartographic tradition of the Swedish state throughout the 20th century func-tioned as an immutable mobile that ideological actors could use to form political or scientific argu-ments. An almost trivial point to make. However, the problem is the great distance between state and the place, which in this case is about 1400 kilometers. Thus, the map allows a remote power relation-ship. As the state-owned immutable mobiles were extracted, they were interpreted by the politicians and scientists ideological perspectives. The ideological interpretations were then used in government propositions and reports and thus resulted in actual political decisions that affected the physical land-scape.The creation of Abisko National Park is one example of how this process can look. The park was instigated with a specific set of political goals to be achieved. The political and scientific actors used the immutable mobile that is the map and formed a proposition with it. The act of instigating and upholding the Abisko Valley as a national park is thus a manifestation of both state presence, its supremacy over territory as well as its contemporary ideological context. Moreover, it would be im-possible to instigate a park without the use of maps to define its borders. The planning and ratification of Transnational Road 98 can be seen as another example of the same thing, but with a different contemporary ideology as background.The thesis results in an explanation about what the maps role is in a stately place making process. Additionally the thesis shows what happens over time as different ideological embodiments in the landscape conflict with each other because of their different visions of how the landscape should be used and by whom. / Uppsatsens syfte är att försöka hur kartor fungerar som en länk mellan politisk diskurs och det fysiska landskapet. Detta görs genom att studera tre kartor som avbildar samma område men vid olika tidpunkter och med olika motiv. Kartorna studeras genom en operationalisering av den franske sociologen Bruno Latour’s teori om ’immutable mobiles’.Uppsatsen visar att den statliga kartografiska verksamheten under 1900-talet i Sverige producerade immutable mobiles som sedan kunde avläsas av aktörer och som i sin tur kunde använda dem för att understödja deras politiska och vetenskapliga argument. En tillsynes trivial poäng. Problemet är dock avståndet i mellan den centraliserade makten och platsen som i detta fallet är ca 1400 kilometer. Kartorna möjliggör alltså en maktrelation trots det stora avståndet. Allt eftersom de statligt ägda kartorna var hämtade, tolkades de av aktörernas ideologiska perspektiv. Dessa tolkningar låg sedan till grund för politiska beslut som sedan resulterade i faktiska ingrepp i landskapet.Formerandet av Abisko nationalpark används i uppsatsen som ett exempel på hur denna process fungerar. Parken skapades med ett specifikt set av ideologiska motiv. De politiska aktörerna använde statliga kartor för att utforma sin proposition. Formerandet av parken är således en manifestation av både statlig närvaro, statlig kontroll över landskapet och ett ideologiskt artefakt. Det vore därtill omöjligt att skapa parken utan en karta för att definiera dess gränser. Planerandet och konstruerandet av mellanriksväg 98 mellan Kiruna och Narvik har analyserats på ett liknande sätt, dock med en annan ideologisk bakgrund.Uppsatsen resulterar i en möjlig förklaring till vad kartorna har för roll i en statlig platsskapande och landskapsförändrande process. Vidare så försöker uppsatsen förklara hur olika ideologiska tolkningar av landskapet kan hamna i konflikt med varandra över tid på grund av inkompatibla ideologiska motiv.