Esse trabalho analisa a construção de diferentes formas de enquadramento interpretativo de ativistas do movimento dos direitos animais em interações com a grande mídia. Por meio de uma análise de molduras, são estudados perfis de organizações desse movimento social, assim como casos específicos desse tipo de interação. Teóricos da abordagem do enquadramento interpretativo identificam um dilema central vivenciado por militantes de movimentos sociais que optariam ora por uma postura “estratégica” e ora por uma postura “ideológica”. Em uma crítica ao conceito de “estratégia”, esse trabalho desenvolve uma classificação de molduras baseada na adequação imaginada dessas interpretações às situações às quais se referem. Dessa forma, esse dilema é reinterpretado em termos de um dilema entre a utilização de categorias vistas como mais ou menos adequadas para a classificação das situações, tendo em vista a possibilidade de que aquelas categorias vistas como as mais apropriadas não sejam simpáticas ou compreensíveis ao interlocutor. As respostas a esse dilema devem variar de acordo com três tipos objetivos gerais de curto prazo estipulados de acordo com determinadas combinações de lógicas de ação: construir problemas sociais, conquistar resultados práticos e defender identidades coletivas. No caso do movimento dos direitos animais, essas combinações de lógicas de ação dão origem a três tipos de ativismo: o abolicionismo construcionista, o abolicionismo pragmático e o abolicionismo identitário. As decisões dos militantes devem variar, ainda, de acordo com as dinâmicas interativas peculiares a cada interação na qual estão inseridos. Cinco dinâmicas interativas relevantes para esse processo são identificadas: a atribuição de características ao interlocutor; a antecipação do impacto do enquadramento; as intenções dos atores; a adequação à situação de fala; e o desempenho de um papel social. Assim, dinâmicas pré-interativas e interativas levam ativistas a desenvolver soluções distintas para o dilema do enquadramento interpretativo nos casos analisados. / This work analysis the construction of different forms of framing developed by animal rights activists in interactions with the mass media. Through a frame analysis, this social movement‟s organizations‟ profiles are analyzed, as well as specific cases of this kind of interaction in a comparative perspective. Scholars of the framing perspective identify a central dilemma that social movement‟s activists experience between a “strategic” position and an “ideological” attitude. In a critic of the concept of “strategy”, this work develops a classification of the frames based on the imagined adequacy of these interpretations to the situations to which they refer. Therefore, this dilemma is reinterpreted in terms of a dilemma between the use of categories seen as more or less adequate for the classification of the situations, knowing that there is a possibility that those categories seen as the most appropriate are not appealing or apprehensible to the interlocutor. The answers to this dilemma must vary according to three types of short-term general goals defined by the given “logics of action combinations”: construct social problems, conquer practical results and defend collective identities. In the case of the animal rights, these logics of action combinations are the origins of three types of activism: the constructionist abolitionism, the pragmatic abolitionism and the identity abolitionism. The activist‟s decision must vary, also, according to the peculiar interactive dynamics of each interaction in which they are inserted. Five interactive dynamics that are relevant to this process are identified: the attribution of characteristics to the interlocutor; the anticipation of the framing impact; the intentions of the actors; the adequacy to the speech situation; and the social role‟s performance. Thereby, pre-interactive dynamics and interactive dynamics both lead activists to develop distinct solutions for the framing dilemma in the analyzed cases.

This thesis deals with the description of the ethical dilemmas faced by social workers in their profession with the target group of Roma clients. The work is divided into four main parts. The first part describes the current situation of Roma in the Czech Republic and then the particular region in the South. There is also mentioned the social work in the context of the Roma minority. The second part is the connection of ethics and social work. There are also defined ethical problems and ethical dilemmas. There are introduced the experiences of dilemmas of social workers in the other part. This chapter is supported by qualitative research through interviews with social workers. The last part describes the analysis of the ethical dilemma in ethical theory according to the concept of the magazine article from Sociální práce/Sociálna práca.

The work is written in order to create an ethical justification for each of the considered solutions to the ethical dilemmas with which hospice workers can meet. The thesis is divided into three blocks. The first block is focused on the palliative, hospice care, on the issue of dying and death. Second block deals with general ethical issues, explaining the basic ethical concepts needed for my thesis and also contains my selected ethical theories that are relevant to meet the objectives of my thesis. The last block contains specific ethical dilemmas I have observed and experienced during my training in the Hospice of St. John N. Neumann based in Prachatice. First in this block are shown the values, which in my opinion, affect the decisions of workers. Subsequently is taken in account each identified ethical dilemma and is determined by its possible solution. Each option of the solution is justified by the argument supported by ethical theories, principles and values.

Thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, there is a comprehensive view on the issue of donations in the context of social work. I focused on the characteristics of ethics and morals, on social work with elderly people, their family and the relationship between the worker and the client, as well as on the donations, including the act of receiving the donation, the motivation to donate and evaluation of the donations. In the last chapter I look into the Quality Standards of Social Services and describe here the procedure for receiving donations in several specific facilities. In practical part, my goal is to ascertain the attitude of family members in cases of elderly people wanting to donate to a professional caregiver or directly to a social service provider. In connection with the aim of this thesis, two questions have been defined. The first question is: What are the attitudes of family members who perceive donation as a negative phenomenon (bribe)? The second question is: What concept of life do the family members who perceive the donation to caregiver as neutral or positive adher to? Qualitative research strategy of an in-depth interview technique was chosen to meet the stated research goal. The method of simple deliberate (purposeful) selection was chosen to determine participants. Participants in the research were selected with regard to the family relationship to elderly people who use services of social workers or caregivers. Twelve communication partners attended the research. Data was processed in Atlas.ti 7 program. Data analysis revealed thirteen categories connected with the codes describing the statements of communication partners that expressed positive, neutral or negative attitudes to donations. The results of the research clarify the opinions of family members and thus extend the view on donating to providers of social service.

abstract: This dissertation investigates the dynamics of evolutionary games based on the framework of interacting particle systems in which individuals are discrete, space is explicit, and dynamics are stochastic. Its focus is on 2-strategy games played on a d-dimensional integer lattice with a range of interaction M. An overview of related past work is given along with a summary of the dynamics in the mean-field model, which is described by the replicator equation. Then the dynamics of the interacting particle system is considered, first when individuals are updated according to the best-response update process and then the death-birth update process. Several interesting results are derived, and the differences between the interacting particle system model and the replicator dynamics are emphasized. The terms selfish and altruistic are defined according to a certain ordering of payoff parameters. In these terms, the replicator dynamics are simple: coexistence occurs if both strategies are altruistic; the selfish strategy wins if one strategy is selfish and the other is altruistic; and there is bistability if both strategies are selfish. Under the best-response update process, it is shown that there is no bistability region. Instead, in the presence of at least one selfish strategy, the most selfish strategy wins, while there is still coexistence if both strategies are altruistic. Under the death-birth update process, it is shown that regardless of the range of interactions and the dimension, regions of coexistence and bistability are both reduced. Additionally, coexistence occurs in some parameter region for large enough interaction ranges. Finally, in contrast with the replicator equation and the best-response update process, cooperators can win in the prisoner's dilemma for the death-birth process in one-dimensional nearest-neighbor interactions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics 2016

abstract: Need-based transfers (NBTs) are a form of risk-pooling in which binary welfare exchanges occur to preserve the viable participation of individuals in an economy, e.g. reciprocal gifting of cattle among East African herders or food sharing among vampire bats. With the broad goal of better understanding the mathematics of such binary welfare and risk pooling, agent-based simulations are conducted to explore socially optimal transfer policies and sharing network structures, kinetic exchange models that utilize tools from the kinetic theory of gas dynamics are utilized to characterize the wealth distribution of an NBT economy, and a variant of repeated prisoner’s dilemma is analyzed to determine whether and why individuals would participate in such a system of reciprocal altruism. From agent-based simulation and kinetic exchange models, it is found that regressive NBT wealth redistribution acts as a cutting stock optimization heuristic that most efficiently matches deficits to surpluses to improve short-term survival; however, progressive redistribution leads to a wealth distribution that is more stable in volatile environments and therefore is optimal for long-term survival. Homogeneous sharing networks with low variance in degree are found to be ideal for maintaining community viability as the burden and benefit of NBTs is equally shared. Also, phrasing NBTs as a survivor’s dilemma reveals parameter regions where the repeated game becomes equivalent to a stag hunt or harmony game, and thus where cooperation is evolutionarily stable. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics 2018

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMBA.pdf: 684958 bytes, checksum: 3a6a99f1104fc63d0865360a1cac509d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-19 / Funda??o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol?gico / The present paper analyses matters about the assessment in the context of the school organization in cycles. The complexity that involves the assessment turns it into a difficult subject, since the evidence that the model supported by the traditional approach contributes to foil the fulfillment of new continuous and wide-ranging assessment practices, that are coherent with a view of learning as a process established in the student-teacher-knowledge interaction. This paper has as guidance the following questions: How did the introduction of the teaching organization in cycles happen in Fortaleza/ CE? How far are the teachers prepared to the introduction of the cycles system, specially in the way of thinking and practicing the assessment? What are the teacher s involvements with this project and with the continuous assessment in the cycles? What meanings do the teachers give to the assessment in this project? Therefore, were determined as objectives: to comprehend the meanings attributed to the learning assessment by the teachers in contact with the cycles in Fortaleza/CE; to identify assessment practices that are closer to a less qualifying perspective, more related to the students learning and to the educational intervention in order to improve this process. The methodological orientation chosen was based on the presuppositions of the comprehensible interview, with reference to the studies of the French sociologist Jean Claude Kaufmann, developed with 15 (fifteen) teachers of 15 (fifteen) schools of the state teaching system of Fortaleza/CE. It was considered, in the methodology, the word as a central fact in the consolidation of the object of study, what allows to conceive the teachers as active participants of this research and of the discussions about assessment. The analysis about the speeches in the interviews made possible to glimpse the meanings attributed to the learning assessment that are not related to the traditional paragon, in spite of the dilemma in which the participants of the research faced at the time of the introduction of the cycles in Fortaleza/CE. These meanings were created between the presence and the absence of the teachers knowledge that, in their way, interact with the changes caused by the obligation of the teaching organization in cycles, seeking a strategy of self-organization as a consequence of the search for new knowledge connected with the teaching / O presente estudo analisa quest?es sobre avalia??o, no contexto da organiza??o da escolaridade em ciclos. A complexidade que envolve a avalia??o a torna um tema dif?cil, haja vista a constata??o de que o modelo sustentado pela abordagem tradicional frustra a realiza??o de novas pr?ticas avaliativas continuadas e inclusivas, coerentes com uma vis?o de aprendizagem como processo constitu?do na intera??o aluno-professor-conhecimento. Este estudo tem por orienta??o os seguintes questionamentos: Como ocorreu, no Cear?, a implanta??o da organiza??o do ensino em ciclos? At? que ponto os professores est?o preparados para a implanta??o do regime de ciclos, em especial na forma de pensar e praticar a avalia??o? Quais as implica??es das professoras na referida proposta e no processo de avalia??o continuada nos ciclos? Que sentidos as professoras atribuem ? avalia??o nessa proposta? Definiram-se, portanto, como objetivos: compreender os sentidos atribu?dos ? avalia??o da aprendizagem pelas professoras que vivenciam os ciclos em escolas de Fortaleza-CE; identificar pr?ticas avaliativas que se aproximem de uma perspectiva menos classificat?ria e mais associada ? aprendizagem dos alunos e ?s interven??es pedag?gicas para melhoria desse processo. Optou-se por uma orienta??o metodol?gica fundada nos pressupostos da entrevista compreensiva, referendada nos estudos do soci?logo franc?s Jean Claude Kaufmann, a qual foi desenvolvida com15 (quinze) professoras de 15 (quinze) escolas da rede estadual de ensino de Fortaleza. Nessa metodologia, considera-se a palavra como elemento central na consolida??o do objeto de estudo, o que permite conceber as professoras como participantes da pesquisa e das discuss?es sobre avalia??o. As an?lises realizadas sobre as falas, nas entrevistas permitem apreender sentidos atribu?dos ? avalia??o da aprendizagem dissociados do paradigma tradicional, apesar da situa??o dilem?tica em que estavam as participantes da pesquisa quando da implanta??o dos ciclos no Cear?. Esses sentidos foram formulados entre o saber e o n?o-saber das professoras que, ao seu modo, interagem com as mudan?as induzidas pela obrigatoriedade do regime de ensino em ciclos, buscando estrat?gia de auto-organiza??o, como conseq??ncia da pr?pria busca por novos saberes inerentes ? doc?ncia

Esse trabalho analisa a construção de diferentes formas de enquadramento interpretativo de ativistas do movimento dos direitos animais em interações com a grande mídia. Por meio de uma análise de molduras, são estudados perfis de organizações desse movimento social, assim como casos específicos desse tipo de interação. Teóricos da abordagem do enquadramento interpretativo identificam um dilema central vivenciado por militantes de movimentos sociais que optariam ora por uma postura “estratégica” e ora por uma postura “ideológica”. Em uma crítica ao conceito de “estratégia”, esse trabalho desenvolve uma classificação de molduras baseada na adequação imaginada dessas interpretações às situações às quais se referem. Dessa forma, esse dilema é reinterpretado em termos de um dilema entre a utilização de categorias vistas como mais ou menos adequadas para a classificação das situações, tendo em vista a possibilidade de que aquelas categorias vistas como as mais apropriadas não sejam simpáticas ou compreensíveis ao interlocutor. As respostas a esse dilema devem variar de acordo com três tipos objetivos gerais de curto prazo estipulados de acordo com determinadas combinações de lógicas de ação: construir problemas sociais, conquistar resultados práticos e defender identidades coletivas. No caso do movimento dos direitos animais, essas combinações de lógicas de ação dão origem a três tipos de ativismo: o abolicionismo construcionista, o abolicionismo pragmático e o abolicionismo identitário. As decisões dos militantes devem variar, ainda, de acordo com as dinâmicas interativas peculiares a cada interação na qual estão inseridos. Cinco dinâmicas interativas relevantes para esse processo são identificadas: a atribuição de características ao interlocutor; a antecipação do impacto do enquadramento; as intenções dos atores; a adequação à situação de fala; e o desempenho de um papel social. Assim, dinâmicas pré-interativas e interativas levam ativistas a desenvolver soluções distintas para o dilema do enquadramento interpretativo nos casos analisados. / This work analysis the construction of different forms of framing developed by animal rights activists in interactions with the mass media. Through a frame analysis, this social movement‟s organizations‟ profiles are analyzed, as well as specific cases of this kind of interaction in a comparative perspective. Scholars of the framing perspective identify a central dilemma that social movement‟s activists experience between a “strategic” position and an “ideological” attitude. In a critic of the concept of “strategy”, this work develops a classification of the frames based on the imagined adequacy of these interpretations to the situations to which they refer. Therefore, this dilemma is reinterpreted in terms of a dilemma between the use of categories seen as more or less adequate for the classification of the situations, knowing that there is a possibility that those categories seen as the most appropriate are not appealing or apprehensible to the interlocutor. The answers to this dilemma must vary according to three types of short-term general goals defined by the given “logics of action combinations”: construct social problems, conquer practical results and defend collective identities. In the case of the animal rights, these logics of action combinations are the origins of three types of activism: the constructionist abolitionism, the pragmatic abolitionism and the identity abolitionism. The activist‟s decision must vary, also, according to the peculiar interactive dynamics of each interaction in which they are inserted. Five interactive dynamics that are relevant to this process are identified: the attribution of characteristics to the interlocutor; the anticipation of the framing impact; the intentions of the actors; the adequacy to the speech situation; and the social role‟s performance. Thereby, pre-interactive dynamics and interactive dynamics both lead activists to develop distinct solutions for the framing dilemma in the analyzed cases.

According to the doctrinal dilemma, the construction of military doctrines is challenging. Either the doctrines become too explicit and specific or they become too abstract for the target groups, both of which have negative consequences. The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent the dilemma exists and how it is taken into consideration in the doctrinal development process. In order to analyse the dilemma, two Swedish doctrines have been reviewed and their authors interviewed.   The results indicates that the doctrinal dilemma has had a central role in the doctrinal development process of both doctrines. The authors have handled the dilemma through constructing abstract rather than specific doctrines. The study also reveals that it is necessary that doctrines are consistently formulated and that the users are acquainted with the style of the doctrine. The dissertation contributes with an increased understanding of the dilemma, facilitating the construction of doctrines and enabling that they can serve as force multipliers.

Esse trabalho analisa a construção de diferentes formas de enquadramento interpretativo de ativistas do movimento dos direitos animais em interações com a grande mídia. Por meio de uma análise de molduras, são estudados perfis de organizações desse movimento social, assim como casos específicos desse tipo de interação. Teóricos da abordagem do enquadramento interpretativo identificam um dilema central vivenciado por militantes de movimentos sociais que optariam ora por uma postura “estratégica” e ora por uma postura “ideológica”. Em uma crítica ao conceito de “estratégia”, esse trabalho desenvolve uma classificação de molduras baseada na adequação imaginada dessas interpretações às situações às quais se referem. Dessa forma, esse dilema é reinterpretado em termos de um dilema entre a utilização de categorias vistas como mais ou menos adequadas para a classificação das situações, tendo em vista a possibilidade de que aquelas categorias vistas como as mais apropriadas não sejam simpáticas ou compreensíveis ao interlocutor. As respostas a esse dilema devem variar de acordo com três tipos objetivos gerais de curto prazo estipulados de acordo com determinadas combinações de lógicas de ação: construir problemas sociais, conquistar resultados práticos e defender identidades coletivas. No caso do movimento dos direitos animais, essas combinações de lógicas de ação dão origem a três tipos de ativismo: o abolicionismo construcionista, o abolicionismo pragmático e o abolicionismo identitário. As decisões dos militantes devem variar, ainda, de acordo com as dinâmicas interativas peculiares a cada interação na qual estão inseridos. Cinco dinâmicas interativas relevantes para esse processo são identificadas: a atribuição de características ao interlocutor; a antecipação do impacto do enquadramento; as intenções dos atores; a adequação à situação de fala; e o desempenho de um papel social. Assim, dinâmicas pré-interativas e interativas levam ativistas a desenvolver soluções distintas para o dilema do enquadramento interpretativo nos casos analisados. / This work analysis the construction of different forms of framing developed by animal rights activists in interactions with the mass media. Through a frame analysis, this social movement‟s organizations‟ profiles are analyzed, as well as specific cases of this kind of interaction in a comparative perspective. Scholars of the framing perspective identify a central dilemma that social movement‟s activists experience between a “strategic” position and an “ideological” attitude. In a critic of the concept of “strategy”, this work develops a classification of the frames based on the imagined adequacy of these interpretations to the situations to which they refer. Therefore, this dilemma is reinterpreted in terms of a dilemma between the use of categories seen as more or less adequate for the classification of the situations, knowing that there is a possibility that those categories seen as the most appropriate are not appealing or apprehensible to the interlocutor. The answers to this dilemma must vary according to three types of short-term general goals defined by the given “logics of action combinations”: construct social problems, conquer practical results and defend collective identities. In the case of the animal rights, these logics of action combinations are the origins of three types of activism: the constructionist abolitionism, the pragmatic abolitionism and the identity abolitionism. The activist‟s decision must vary, also, according to the peculiar interactive dynamics of each interaction in which they are inserted. Five interactive dynamics that are relevant to this process are identified: the attribution of characteristics to the interlocutor; the anticipation of the framing impact; the intentions of the actors; the adequacy to the speech situation; and the social role‟s performance. Thereby, pre-interactive dynamics and interactive dynamics both lead activists to develop distinct solutions for the framing dilemma in the analyzed cases.