Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Caike da R Damke.pdf: 510380 bytes, checksum: 4e479f17d8c052dd29cea88f0ca85df8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-02 / In this dissertation we analyze questions of existence and multiplicity of solutions for Dirichlet problem in the asymptotically linear case. To obtain our main results we use variational methods, such as Montain Pass Theorem and Linking Theorem.Moreover, we use the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction. / Nesta dissertação analisamos questões de existência e multiplicidade de soluções do problema de Dirichlet elíptico assintoticamente linear. Para obtermos os nossos principais resultados utilizamos métodos variacionais, tais como o Teorema do Passo da Montanha um Teorema de Linking. Além disso, utilizamos a redução de Liapunov-Schmidt.

Orientadores: Francisco Odair Vieira de Paiva, Augusto César Ponce / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T10:14:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Presoto_AdilsonEduardo_D.pdf: 2067267 bytes, checksum: 79c3ffe06a88b7cba190920dcf512036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: No trabalho precursor de Brezis, Marcus e Ponce [15], estudou-se problemas semilineares elípticos com uma não linearidade não decrescente, contínua e dependendo apenas da variável dependente e com medidas como dados. Os autores estavam particularmente interessados no caso em que a equação não possuía solução. Numa das técnicas estudadas, eles aproximaram a medida por funções suaves através da convolução e, sob a condição adicional de convexidade da não linearidade, mostraram que as soluções correspondentes convergiam para a solução do mesmo problema com a maior medida menor do que ou igual a medida inicial tal que o problema tinha solução. O nosso objetivo é explorar profundamente este método. Ao invés de lidar com a convolução, consideramos sequências de medidas de Radon que convergem na topologia fraca-estrela e tais que o problema tem solução para cada termo. A pergunta que se põe é: as soluções convergem? Se sim, temos que o limite satisfaz a mesma equação com uma medida, em geral, distinta do limite-fraco, logo desejamos também determinar esta medida. Quando temos uma não linearidade, como descrita no parágrafo acima, as respostas têm um alto grau de variação, conforme os exemplos dados nos trabalhos de Ponce, e são inconclusivas. A proposta da tese é estudar a convergência dessas soluções para equações e sistemas semilineares elípticos com a não linearidade sendo do tipo exponencial. No caso em que temos a equação semilinear no plano, as soluções convergem para a solução do mesmo problema com uma medida que depende apenas do limite-fraco da sequência. Também, vemos que em dimensões superiores essas asserções não se verificam mais. Por fim, o sistema que aplicamos a técnica acima é o Sistema de Chern-Simons, surgido na física teórica e que representa o modelo de Chern-Simons Abeliano relativístico envolvendo duas partículas Higgs e dois campos calibrados / Abstract: In the pioneering work of Brezis, Marcus and Ponce [15], the authors studied elliptic semilinear problems with a continuous nondecreasing nonlinearity which vanishes at origin and depends only on dependent variable, and with measures as inicial data. They were particularly interested in the case which the equation does not have a solution. One of the techniques discussed was the approach of the measure by smooth functions via convolution. Under the additional condition of convexity, they showed that the corresponding solutions converge to the solution for the same problem with the largest measure less than inicial datum such that the problem admits a solution. Our aim is to explore deeply this method. Instead of dealing with the convolution, we consider sequences of Radon measures which converge in weak-star topology and such that the problem has solution for each term. The question posted is: the solutions converge? If yes, the limit solves the same problem with, in general distinct from the weak limit, another measure, thus, we also wish to determine this measure. The purpose of the thesis is to study the convergence of solutions for equations and systems with exponential nonlinearity. If we have the equation semilinear on the plane, the solutions converge to a solution for the same problem with a measure which depends only on weak limit of the sequence. We also see that in upper dimensions the results are no longer assured. In the end, the system concerned is the Chern-Simons System that comes from theoretical physics and it represents a relativistic Abelian Chern- Simons model with two Higgs particles and two gauge fields / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

This thesis consists of three self-contained parts, each with its own abstract, body, references and page numbering. Part I, 'Potential theory, path integrals and the Laplacian of the indicator', finds the transition density of absorbed or reflected Brownian motion in a d-dimensional domain as a Feynman-Kac functional involving the Laplacian of the indicator, thereby relating the hitherto unrelated fields of classical potential theory and path integrals. Part II, 'The problem of alternatives', considers parallel investment in alternative technologies or drugs developed over time, where there can be only one winner. Parallel investment accelerates the search for the winner, and increases the winner's expected performance, but is also costly. To determine which candidates show sufficient performance and/or promise, we find an integral equation for the boundary of the optimal continuation region. Part III, 'Optimal support for renewable deployment', considers the role of government subsidies for renewable technologies. Rapidly diminishing subsidies are cheaper for taxpayers, but could prematurely kill otherwise successful technologies. By contrast, high subsidies are not only expensive but can also prop up uneconomical technologies. To analyse this trade-off we present a new model for technology learning that makes capacity expansion endogenous. There are two reasons for this standalone structure. First, the target readership is divergent. Part I concerns mathematical physics, Part II operations research, and Part III policy. Readers interested in specific parts can thus read these in isolation. Those interested in the thesis as a whole may prefer to read the three introductions first. Second, the separate parts are only partially interconnected. Each uses some theory from the preceding part, but not all of it; e.g. Part II uses only a subset of the theory from Part I. The quickest route to Part III is therefore not through the entirety of the preceding parts. Furthermore, those instances where results from previous parts are used are clearly indicated.

Potential theory is the name given to the broad field of analysis encompassing such topics as harmonic and subharmonic functions, the Dirichlet problem, Green’s functions, potentials and capacity. In this text, our main goal will be to gain a deeper understanding towards complex dynamics, the study of dynamical systems defined by the iteration of analytic functions, using the tools and techniques of potential theory. We will restrict ourselves to holomorphic polynomials in C. At first, we will discuss briefly about harmonic and subharmonic functions. In course, potential theory will repay its debt to complex analysis in the form of some beautiful applications regarding the Julia sets (defined in Chapter 8) of a certain family of polynomials, or a single one. We will be able to provide an explicit formula for computing the capacity of a Julia set, which in some sense, gives us a finer measurement of the set. In turn, this provides us with a sharp estimate for the diameter of the Julia set. Further if we pick any point w from the Julia set, then the inverse images q−n(w) span the whole Julia set. In fact, the point-mass measures with support at the discrete set consisting of roots of the polynomial, (qn-w) will eventually converge to the equilibrium measure of the Julia set, in the weak*-sense. This provides us with a very effective insight into the analytic structure of the set. Hausdorff dimension is one of the most effective notions of fractal dimension in use. With the help of potential theory and some ergodic theory, we can show that for a certain holomorphic family of polynomials varying over a simply connected domain D, one can gain nice control over how the Hausdorff dimensions of the respective Julia sets change with the parameter λ in D.

[pt] Como motivação, apresentaremos alguns problemas que ilustram a conexão entre a teoria da probabilidade e algumas equações diferenciais parciais. Suas soluções mesclam os dois assuntos e provocam a suspeita de que alguns processos estocásticos e operadores diferenciais caminham juntos. Em seguida, exibiremos a teoria das difusões de Itô. Mostraremos algumas de suas características, como a propriedade de Markov e cada um destes processos possuirá o que chamaremos de gerador infinitesimal da difusão. Este será um operador diferencial de segunda ordem cujo estudo detalhado revela características do processo. Apresentaremos também a fórmula de Dynkin. Com essas ferramentas probabilísticas, encontraremos uma representação estocástica para a solução do problema de Dirichlet para operadores diferenciais elípticos, generalizando as soluções dos problemas inicialmente propostos. / [en] Firstly, for motivation purposes, we briefly present a few problems mixing notions of probability theory and of partial differential equations (PDE). In discussing the solution to such problems it will become apparent that some stochastic process and differential equations walk together. Next, we introduce a class of stochastic processes called the Ito diffusions, and some of its features such as the Markov property. Each such process has an associated linear operator the, so called, infinitesimal generator. This operator acts as a second-order differential operator on smooth functions, and controls the LOCAL behavior of these diffusions. We discuss these features together with Dynkin s formula a convenient relation derived from the infinitesimal generator, which informs us about the AVERAGE behavior of the diffusion. Finally, we apply these probabilistic tools to find a formula for the solution of the Dirichlet problem for a somewhat general linear elliptic second order PDE. This formula connects the solution of the PDE to the aggregated/average behavior and associated (Ito) diffusion. This type of stochastic representation generalizes the solution method of the problems firstly discussed.

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Title: Baire and Harmonic Functions Author: Petr Pošta Department: Department of Mathematical Analysis Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Lukeš, DrSc., Department of Mathematical Analysis Abstract: The present thesis consists of six research papers. The first four articles deal with topics related to potential theory, Baire-one functions and its important subclasses, in particular differences of semicontinuous functions. The first paper is devoted to the stability of the Dirichlet problem for which a new criterion in terms of Poisson equation is provided. The second paper improves the recent result obtained by Lukeš et al. It shows that the classical Dirichlet solution belongs to the B1/2 subclass of Baire-one functions. A generalization of this result to the abstract context of the Choquet theory on functions spaces is provided. Finally, an abstract Dirichlet problem for the boundary condition belonging to the class of differences of semincontinuous functions is discussed. The third paper concentrates on the Lusin-Menshov property and the approximation of Baire- one and finely continuous functions by differences of semicontinuous and finely continuous functions. It provides an exposition of topologies (various density topologies as well as the fine topologies in both linear and non-linear potential...

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Η παρούσα διατριβή ερευνητικά εντάσσεται στην περιοχή της Μη Γραμμικής Ανάλυσης και ειδικότερα στην επίλυση Μη Γραμμικών Ελλειπτικών Μερικών Διαφορικών Εξισώσεων (Μ.Δ.Ε.) με υπερκρίσιμο εκθέτη. Η μη γραμμικότητα δεν επιτρέπει την επίλυση των εξισώσεων αυτών χρησιμοποιώντας τις συμπαγείς εμφυτεύσεις. Αξιοποιώντας τις ιδιότητες συμμετρίας που παρουσιάζει η πολλαπλότητα, αφενός παρακάμπτουμε το εμπόδιο αυτό και αφετέρου επιτυγχάνουμε να επιλύσουμε εξισώσεις αυτού του τύπου με υπερκρίσιμο εκθέτη. Στο πρώτο μέρος της Διατριβής υπολογίζουμε την πρώτη βέλτιστη σταθερά στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev και στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev με σύνορο στον στερεό τόρο, μελετάμε το φαινόμενο της συμπύκνωσης και επιλύουμε τα προβλήματα (P1) και (P2). Στο δεύτερο μέρος υπολογίζουμε την πρώτη βέλτιστη σταθερά στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev και στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev με σύνορο σε μια λεία, συμπαγή, n-διάστατη, n\geq 3, πολλαπλότητα Riemann (M,g) με σύνορο, που είναι αναλλοίωτη από τη δράση μιας οποιασδήποτε συμπαγούς υποομάδας G της ομάδας των ισομετριών Is(M,g) της Μ και της οποίας όλες οι G-τροχιές έχουν άπειρο πληθάριθμο και κάνουμε μια σύντομη παρουσίαση των λύσεων των προβλημάτων (P3) και (P4). / The present Thesis is incorporated in the research area of Nonlinear Analysis, especially solvability of Nonlinear Elliptic PDE’s with supercritical exponent.The nonlinear nature of the equations makes it impossible to be solved by means of compact imbeddings. Taking advantage of the symmetry properties of the manifold we overcome the obstacle as well as we succeed in solving equations of this type possessing supercritical exponent. In the first part of the Thesis we calculate the first best constant in the general Sobolev inequality and in the general Sobolev trace inequality on the solid torus, we study the phenomenon of concentration and solve problems (P1) and (P2).In the second part we calculate the first best constant in the general Sobolev inequality and in the general Sobolev trace inequality on a smooth, compact, n−dimensional Riemannian manifold (M, g), n _ 3, with boundary, which is invariant under the action of a subgroup G of the isometry group Is(M, g) of M, the orbits of which have infinity cardinality. We also present brief solutions of problems (P3) and (P4).