Along with the rapid development of industrial and commercial industries, the extent of disasters in Kaohsiung city in recent years due to highly concentrated population, newly erected skyscrapers and factories is far beyond one's imagination. By using the Kaohsiung Emergency Operation Center (KEOC) as an example, this study investigates practical operations, including disaster prevention, disaster emergency action, restoration and reconstruction after disaster, etc., of the emergency operation center at a special municipality level. Methodologies utilized in this study include literature review, direct observation, questionnaire survey, and statistical analysis by using the SPSS software package for Windows (Version 8.0). Main conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The regional plan for disaster prevention and response needs to be specified. 2. Manpower for disaster prevention and response of Kaohsiung city needs to be increased and the duties need to be specified. 3. Budgets for disaster prevention and response need to be prepared liberally. More equipments and devices for disaster prevention and response need to be purchased. 4. Personnel training, exercise and teamwork/cooperation for disaster prevention and response should be conducted seriously. 5. Persuade the public that prevention is better than rescue. 6. Actions for disaster prevention and response should be incorporated into the local communities. 7. Modern emergency operation centers need to be well constructed. 8. Data for disaster prevention and response need to be integrated and processed into useful information. 9. Set up standard operating procedures (SOP) for disaster rescue and crisis management. 10. Integration and utilization of volunteers for disaster prevention and response need to be institutionalized. 11. Task schedules need to be well controlled, supervised, and checked. Recommendations from this study are summarized as follows: 1. Set up short, medium, and long-term objectives properly for disaster prevention and response. 2. Set up a duty-oriented unit for disaster prevention and response according to the law. 3. It is more appropriate than the current organizational system to combine the KEOC and Rescue Command Center, Fire Bureau into one task force and fulfill the services at one site. 4. It is recommended that Kaohsiung city government should actively pursue the establishment of the Southern Stand-by Supporting Unit, Central Emergency Operation Center in Kaohsiung city . 5. Amend related laws and regulations for disaster prevention and response as soon as possible. All recommendations mentioned above provide not only Kaohsiung city, but other counties and cities as well, with valuable references pertaining to establishing and operating the most efficient emergency operation center.

Kaohsiung Harbor is located on the strategic point among Northeast , Southeast Asia and the Chinese Mainland. It¡¦s not only the largest international business harbor in our country but also the sixth largest container harbor in the world. Recently, with the rapid expansion of economy and the revolution of industrial promotion in our country, the variety and quantity of importing and exporting chemicals (dangerous goods) also increase rapidly. For example, the total amount of imports and exports of chemicals and related industrial products in 2004, has reached 9,074,295 tons. Besides the busy intercourse of all kinds of ships in the harbor area, the goods loading and unloading are also very complicated. If anything disastrous occurs, it will cause a serious influence on the operation of the whole harbor, including 1. the damage of public wealth 2. the responsibility of goods damage 3. the risk of suspending operation in the harbor 4. the reputation of an international harbor 5. the influence on national economy. If the disaster of dangerous goods spreads, it will cause enormous influences in many fields. It can even threat the lives and health of the residents nearby. Therefore, almost every port has special wharves for different purpose and special warehouse areas. They should also standardize related safe operation procedures to reduce the unexpected occurances or reduce the damage as little as possible while the disaster occurs. In Kaohsiung harbor, they should build public wharves for dangerous goods, special wharves for oil products, rent wharves for petrochemical companies and special warehouse districts. Within these wharf districts , how to enhance the crisis consciousness and management as well as the operation security of all the petrochemical companies has become a very important topic. It¡¦s really necessary to take a deep research and find out where the dangerous factor is so that they can make sure serious chemical disasters can be completely avoided, not to endanger the security of the harbor area and the lives of the residents nearby. Kaohsiung city and country are the heavy industry centers of Southern Taiwan. The petrochemical industry is flourishing and all of the raw materials they need are imported to Kaohsiung harbor by special ships and then pumped into different kinds of dangerous goods storage tanks through pipes. Finally, delivered to the factories by tank cars. At present, the total number of storage tank in Kaohsiung harbor has reached 512, and the overall capacity is 43,160,940 tons, belong to twelve companies that engage in the operation of dangerous goods tanks. The main purpose of this research is to discuss the crisis consciousness and management about the disaster invention and treatment of the companies that engage in the operation of dangerous goods storage tanks in Kaohsiung harbor area. This research also discussed the practical operations and current condition analysis of every stage¡Asuch as crisis invention and sense of risk. It¡¦s purpose is to find out where the problem is and provide references for¡]both¡^the manage department of Kaohsiung harbor¡]and¡^the private companies that engage in the operation of dangerous good storage tanks. It can avoid the disaster from occurring or once the urgent accidents occurs, it can also provide prompt and effective treatment to reduce the damage and protect the health and the security for both the members in the harbor area and residents nearby. This research is based on the review and discussion of literatures as well as the questionnaires. Through the discussion of literatures, we can understand the meanings of disaster crisis managements and the related theories, operation methods of crisis prevention, preparation and response. With the help of questionnaires, we can analyze and discuss the shortages of managements on crisis prevention and response for the companies that engage in the operation of dangerous goods storage tanks in Kaohsiung harbor area. Moreover, it provides the best suggestion to disaster prevention, enhances the disaster prevention ability of the companies that engage in the operation of dangerous goods storage tanks in Kaohsiung harbor area and raises the overall ability in crisis response.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(情報学) / 乙第12942号 / 論情博第91号 / 新制||情||102(附属図書館) / 32152 / (主査)教授 林 春男, 教授 田中 克己, 教授 牧 紀男 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

台灣因所在地理位置特殊，長期以來一直遭受天然災害的威脅，我國自災害防救法頒佈後，明文規定當中央及各級政府無法因應災害處理時可以申請軍隊支援。在幾次重大天然災害中，國軍與政府及民間救難團隊已有豐富合作的經驗，自八八水災後國軍救災角色及責任更為重要，馬總統在出席99年國軍重要幹部研習會指示：「災害防救」是國軍中心任務，國軍要超前部署、預置兵力，隨時防救，防災重於救災，離災優於救災。故在梅姬颱風期間，超前預置兵力更凸顯國軍救災的重要性。 國防部也於2009 年國防報告書中提出周延防災整備的作法，國軍對於災害防救的角色由「接受申請、支援」轉換為「主動、協調執行」。然國家建立軍隊的目的，主要還是應付外在敵對勢力的威脅，建立堅實的國防武力，達成防衛固守、有效嚇阻的國防戰略。國軍救災從以往應援改為中心任務，此一重大變革勢必對國軍未來的角色、功能及戰力有十分深遠的影響，因此國軍應如何投入災害救援，平衡戰備整備與救災工作，則必須對於現階段軍隊參與災害救援的相關作法進行探討，重新思考與規劃並進行政策之可行性做分析。 本篇論文採用文獻回顧和分析歸納的方法，綜觀國軍歷經幾次天然災害救援經驗，以八八水災及梅姬風災救災案例探討國軍現行參與災害救援問題並針對下列問題做分析：第一，政府已明確將救災列為國軍中心任務，但對於民間救難團隊、政府機關救難機制主從、整合及角色定位與指揮權責模糊不清。第二，國軍救災法源依據仍顯不足尚待立法及救災期間所需經費支出及來源問題。第三，天然災害發生時國軍投入救災執行效能仍有進步空間主要因素在於救災專業人力及裝(設)備不足。第四，國軍面臨救災前夕與另一非軍事行動時，兵力超前部屬必要性及孰輕孰重？或面對複合式災害時超前預置兵力是否可行？對上述的種種問題，將影響未來面對重大災害時國軍參與救災工作，因此重新檢討我國軍隊參與救災之適切性和可行性後，進一步對現行國軍參與災害防救之行動方案，提出檢討與建議。 / Taiwan has suffered in the threats of natural disasters for years, as its unique location. After the promulgation of Disaster Prevention and Response Act., a rule was written that military support can be applied for activation once the Government is no longer able to handle the disaster. Through some severe catastrophes, the military, the Government, as well as nongovernmental rescue teams, had gained profound experience in collaboration. Since the 88 Taiwan Flood, the importance of the military has increased. President Ma pointed out that “Prevent and rescue” is the main mission of the military – setting forces in advance, call-on relief duties, and emphasis on prevention instead of rescue. As a result, in the period of Maggie Typhoon, setting forces in advance had taken its advantage and importance. Department of Defense had issued a robust approach in its report in 2009. The report claims that the role of military in disasters is in a stage of transformation from “Accept appliance & support” to “Initiative & cooperative execution”. The classic aim of establish the army was to construct substantial defense force and to protect the country from invaders and enemies. As the main mission changed, it affects not only the role of the military, but also the function of the army and the strength of force. The policy of the military participating in rescuing needs to be analyzed in the balance of military operations, the plausibility of plans, and further improvements in the future. This thesis employs research in studies and induction, using the 88 Taiwan Flood and Maggie Typhoon as examples to review the problems occurred when the military attending in rescue. And the thesis will discuss and analyze the following issues: Firstly, the Government had classified disaster relief as the main mission of the military, however, the position and the role of the government and nongovernmental rescue teams are yet not clear enough. Secondly, the source of Disaster Prevention and Response Act. is still insufficient; the source of finance supports during rescue is vague, either. Thirdly, the shortage of equipments and human resource can be the main direction for improvement. Lastly, when facing both the need of rescue and another non-military action, should the military set in advance with flexibility? Or can it be feasible when facing compound catastrophe? Questions listed above are the main issues discussed in the thesis. Reviews and suggestions will be put forward after further investigation on the plausibility of the military participating in rescue.

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15356号 / 工博第3235号 / 新制||工||1487(附属図書館) / 27834 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 間瀬 肇, 教授 後藤 仁志, 准教授 森 信人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

En el Perú, existe una gran necesidad de reducir el impacto de los desastres naturales ocasionados por el fenómeno El Niño, ya que genera cuantiosas pérdidas, algunas pueden ser tanto humanas como materiales. Este evento hidro-climático, que azotó al país por última vez en el año 2017, evidenció que no existen soluciones tecnológicas para reducir las consecuencias de este tipo de acontecimientos. Por tal motivo, el presente proyecto pretende, analizar los principales peligros e impacto de los desastres naturales del fenómeno “El Niño” en el Perú, la aplicación de las TIC que hoy en día se utilizan en la gestión de desastres naturales, el diseño de un catálogo de soluciones tecnológicas incluyendo para cada una su arquitectura física y el costo aproximado de implementación, la validación de las soluciones tecnológicas a través de expertos en desastres climatológicos e investigación tecnológica, y por último, definir una hoja de ruta para la implementación de las soluciones tecnológicas propuestas. Se espera que el catálogo ayude a las entidades peruanas públicas o privadas, encargadas de la gestión de desastres naturales, a poner en marcha soluciones TIC que supongan una mejora y un mejor resultado en la atención de desastres sin necesidad de tener un amplio conocimiento sobre las TIC y que brinden una gama de posibilidades tanto en la diversidad de componentes que conforma cada solución tecnológica y costos. / In Peru, there is a great need to reduce the impact of natural disasters caused by the El Niño southern oscillation phenomenon (ENSO), since it generates large losses both human and material. This hydro-climatic event, which hit the country for the last time in 2017, showed that there are no technological solutions to reduce the consequences of this type of events. For this reason, this project aims to analyze the main dangers and impact of natural disasters of the "El Niño" phenomenon in Peru, the application of ICT that are used today in the management of natural disasters, design a catalog of technological solutions including, for each one, its physical architecture and the approximate cost of implementation, the validation of the technological solutions through experts in climatological disasters and technological research, and finally, define a Roadmap for the proposed technological solutions. It is expected that the catalog will help Peruvian public or private entities, in charge of natural disaster management, to implement ICT solutions that will improve and improve disaster response without needing to have extensive knowledge about the ICT and that offer a range of possibilities both in the diversity of components that make up each technological solution and costs. / Tesis

La thèse part d'une interrogation sur la mesure dans laquelle l'État mexicain s'est doté des moyens de réponse vis à vis les défis en matière de prévention des risques majeurs. Si le pays est plutôt bien préparé pour affronter l'urgence et qu'on arrive à reconstruire les infrastructures endommagées lors des événements catastrophiques grâce aux moyens financiers mis à disposition, force est de reconnaître que les catastrophes naturelles comme technologiques se produisent à répétition et qu'on n'arrive pas à aménager le territoire de sorte que les dangers existants ne deviennent pas des catastrophes, notamment en milieu urbain.Le cas d'étude, la ville de Minatitlán, dévoile les enjeux et carences de l'intervention de l'État en matière de prévention de risques. À Minatitlán, la nature est sévère et produit des inondations à répétition, mais l'humain a eu sa part de responsabilité au moment de choisir une localisation difficile pour l'implantation d'un peuplement. Plus tard, les conditions de l'urbanisation et production de l'habitat se sont peu souciées de réduire les dangers. L'implantation de l'industrie pétrolière dans la région n'a fait qu'accroître la pression urbaine et rendu plus difficile le contrôle de l'urbanisation spontanée et la sécurisation des logements. Apparaît ainsi une situation de risque qui concerne plusieurs milliers d'habitants et dont l'issue n'est pas claire vu les carences de l'action publique en matière d'aménagement urbain et prévention des risques majeurs.Le questionnement ultime de cette recherche se trouve dans les conditions de mise en opération de la politique de prévention de risques majeurs au Mexique, à savoir, les enjeux locaux, géographiques, socio-économiques, institutionnels et socio-culturels, qui vont conditionner son efficacité. Le cadre conceptuel choisi pour structurer cette thèse repose sur une compréhension des milieux urbains et leur vulnérabilité, dans leur multi-dimensionnalité.La thèse se structure en trois parties. La première pose les bases de l'étude dans le but de comprendre comment il fallait approcher le cas d'étude. La seconde partie de la thèse fait deux analyses qui reposent sur des documents et données assez facilement accessibles au Mexique. Une troisième et dernière partie porte sur les facteurs socio-culturels de vulnérabilité, et notamment sur la représentation sociale du risque et de la catastrophe, puisqu'elle a un impact direct sur les réactions individuelles et collectives face aux risques et aux sinistres.Le cas de Minatitlán confirme l'étroite relation entre le développement urbain et les dangers d'un site. La compréhension du risque comme opportunité et son lien indissociable avec l'histoire de la ville permet d'expliquer les traits de l'urbanisation à Minatitlán. La recherche constate que dans la configuration actuelle du paysage institutionnel et social autour de la problématique des risques, bien de groupes sociaux et institutionnels s'y accommodent de la situation actuelle, peu propice à un véritable accroissement de la résilience de la ville de Minatitlán face aux risques qui peuvent s'aggraver dans un contexte de réchauffement de la planète.La politique de protection civile privilégiée par le Mexique, guide une action publique pyramidale du haut vers le bas, où chaque échelon du gouvernement contribue à la gestion de la catastrophe selon ses moyens. Au bout de cette chaîne d'intervention se trouvent les sinistrés, chez qui on a estompé toute initiative de participation active à la prévention.Dans cet état de choses, il semble peu probable qu'un changement dans l'approche de l'action publique se produise dans le futur proche : le cadre institutionnel se consolide de plus en plus dans sa configuration actuelle, et les populations qui auraient intérêt à ce que les choses évoluent, n'articulent aucune demande dans ce sens / This dissertation explores the responses developed by the Mexican government for tackling the challenges presented by natural and man-made risks. The country counts indeed with a number of strategies for managing emergencies, and it performs quite well on reconstructing infrastructures and facilities on the aftermath of the numerous natural disasters that afflict its territory every year. This is possible thanks to the financial means available for reconstruction in the national annual budget. However, the recurrence of natural and man-made disasters, indicate a lack of planning policies and practices that could actually prevent that the existing risks become real disasters, specially in urban areas.The case of study is the city of Minatitlán. This city offers an example of how the disaster prevention policy lacks effectiveness on reducing major risks. In Minatitlán, nature is harsh and inflicts recurring floods in its territory, but human groups have certainly some responsibility in the repetition of disasters since they choose a location rather inadequate for urbanization, and implemented low-resilient development patterns. When oil industry established in the area, it reinforced the characteristics of urbanization (illegal settlements) and contributed to weaken the resistance of the settlement to disasters.At the heart of this study lays an interrogation about the operational conditions of a national disaster prevention policy in Mexico, given the local conditions that intervene in its effectiveness: geographical, socio-economical, institutional and socio-cultural frames. Therefore, the study focuses on a global comprehension of urban systems and how different elements relate to produce a specific condition of vulnerability, taking into account the multi-dimensionality of the concept.The study is presented in three parts. The first one explores the theoretical framework of the following analysis. In the second part, a couple of analysis relied on the use of public information rather accessible in Mexico. The data and texts were used with a laying interrogation about the indications they could give about the risk situations in Mexican urban settlements. Finally, the third part of the dissertation focuses on exploring the socio-cultural factors of vulnerability, namely the social representation of risk, under the premise that it has a major impact on individual and social behavior in risk (and disasters) situations.The case of Minatitlán confirms the tight links among risks and urban development. In this city, the risk has historically represented an opportunity for development. The institutional framework for risk prevention emerges well after the city was a consolidated urban settlement, but it has not been able to offer substantial changes and one can conclude that the current situation arranges a number of groups that do not see any incentive for improving the prevention strategies or enforcing planning measures. Then, a transition towards more resilient scenarios, specially in a context of climate change, is not foreseeable in the coming years.Moreover, the civil protection policy in Mexico favors a top-down public intervention in disaster periods, where each government level intervenes up to their financial and physical powers. At the lowest end of this chain, are local populations, the victims of disasters, are not encouraged to participate or become actual actors of local prevention.This being the current state of affairs in Minatitlán, the public action as well as the social representation of risks and disasters, are both contributing to maintaining a situation where prevention is not the main goal of the disaster policy

台灣在歷經了921大地震之前，人民對於防救災觀念始終一知半解，政府有關單位對於防救災系統之建構之投入也有其限制。然而，近年來的大地震所帶來的巨大損害重新喚醒了民眾及政府部門對於防救災觀念之重視與體認，也突顯出防救災計畫的重要性。都市為人口與經濟活動高度聚集地區，因此受到地震災害影響的層面遠比其他非都市地區來的嚴重，而地震所帶來直接與間接之傷害充分暴露台灣都市防災空間系統之弱點與不足。因此透過文獻回顧、現況調查與專家問卷調查等方法，建構一套適宜之地域危險度評估模式，以檢測都市空間之安全性，並作為事前防災計畫擬定之基礎，為本研究之動機。 其次，本研究流程是將先透過文獻回顧及實地調查法之方式去建構災害危險度之評估因子及項目，做為都市地域危險度評估模式之基礎，並藉由專家問卷及分析階層程序法，來求取評估因子間相對權重與重要性；此外，本研究選定苗栗市作為實證地區並藉由評點法及GIS空間分析功能之運用，對苗栗市進行測定評估，並檢討該市防災空間系統。本研究從評估結果去了解目前實質空間之防災機能，並同時檢討都市防災空間系統，提出相關對策與建議來加強防救災之事前規劃，以期創造一個人民安全無虞之防耐震安全都市空間。 / Before the 921 Earthquake happened, the people in Taiwan had ignored the concept of disaster prevention and rescue for a long time. Nevertheless, the recent huge damages by earthquake re-awakened the emphasis. The Urban is a human and economic activities intensive region, therefore the damaged degree by earthquake in urban regions is far serious than in the non-urban region. The motive of study is to build a district-based assessment of vulnerability. The process of study has some steps as follows. Firstly, the study chooses the factors and indicators. Secondly, the study uses expert questionnaire and AHP to determine the relative importance of each factor. Furthermore, the study chooses the Miaoli City as the example. Eventually, according to the assessment results, the study provides some suggestions to improve the planning of disaster prevention and rescue system in urban spaces.