Yes / An in-depth knowledge review and analysis of literature on the involvement of Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) staff in NHS disciplinary proceedings from 2008 to 2017 as did 15 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The research findings indicate that BME staff are disproportionately represented in NHS disciplinary proceedings, there is a continuation of inappropriate individual disciplinary action and a failure to address organisational shortcomings. Six factors emerged: closed culture and climate; subjective attitudes and behaviour; inconclusive disciplinary data; unfair decision making; poor disciplinary support and disciplinary policy mis-application were all identified as underpinning the disproportionate representation of BME staff in disciplinary procedures. Disciplinary policy needs streamlining and greater clarity needs to be achieved regarding the difference between disciplinary, capability and performance issues and to this respect we make several recommendations.

The way in which educators’ competency to enforce disciplinary measures in the classroom is influenced by learners’ fundamental rights is investigated in this study. An in-depth literature study was conducted, and questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data at five rural high schools in the Southern Cape. The research findings indicate that participants’ understanding of the stipulations of important relevant acts and government notices is insufficient to manage problem situations regarding discipline with confidence. There is undoubtedly a need for information sessions and/or workshops that not only convey information on a theoretical level, but apply the stipulations of relevant legal sources and the principles of effective classroom management to educators’ daily classroom situations in a practical and functional way. A positive approach to discipline and restorative disciplinary measures that are based on respect and the positive development of learners are upheld, and various important principles that will promote more effective classroom management are suggested. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Onderwysbestuur)

The thesis is a multimedia document, including a documentary video and audio recordings, that catalogues and unpacks the cross-disciplinary project Score for the Big Bang. On April 13, 2012, thirty-six vocalists sang the sound of the Big Bang in a historic church in downtown Richmond. For this project I worked with an astronomer, composer, choral director and organist to translate the primordial sound into musical notation. This is the universe as voice, through humans, recreating what we have come to understand was present at its birth.

The aim of this study was to investigate current classroom management practices, disciplinary strategies and educator duties and demands, in the Sedibeng West District (D8) of the Gauteng Province, with the aim of recommending guidelines to assist educators to cope better with classroom management duties as well as maintaining discipline at the same time. The overall aims of the study were achieved through the following objectives: Reviewing existing literature to establish the nature of current classroom management duties. Investigating the influence of increased classroom duties on classroom management. Reviewing existing literature to establish the nature of current disciplinary measures. Investigating the influence of increased classroom duties on discipline. Making recommendations to assist educators to cope better with classroom management duties as well as maintaining discipline at the same time. The abovementioned aims were reached by completing a literature study and an empirical investigation. The study further investigated the perceptions of educators in the foundation phase (grade 2 educators and the respective Heads of Department) as well as principals regarding certain aspects of classroom management and discipline. This was investigated by means of structured questionnaires. Findings from the research indicated that refusal to obey requests and commands, noisiness, showing off, teasing, irritating or disturbing other learners, leaving their seats without permission, talking out of turn, calling out when the educator is speaking, making improper noises, not paying attention, storming out of the classroom, and knife attacks, are current types of behaviour that disturb lessons of educators (Landsberg et al., 2005:455). This makes it impossible for educators to teach properly. Learners who engage in such behaviour get no benefit from the teaching and learning situation. The attention of all the other learners is distracted and the atmosphere in the class is negatively affected. According to Landsberg et al., (2005:456) discipline is a huge part of classroom management and it is reactive in nature. Educators react to learner behaviour, which disrupts the good order of the classroom. Classroom management is proactive, it is preventative and self-control on the part of the learners is its goal. Further findings from the research indicated that educators struggle from teacher-burnout. It has also become apparent that educators are unsure of corrective disciplinary measures. Current disciplinary measures do not yield successful results. In fact, educators feel stressed and de-motivated. As a result of so many reasons for misbehaviour in classrooms, educators feel that they do not have the ability to manage the classroom. This study therefore provided recommendations to assist educators to cope better with classroom management duties in such a way that it will contribute to effective discipline in the foundation phase. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate current classroom management practices, disciplinary strategies and educator duties and demands, in the Sedibeng West District (D8) of the Gauteng Province, with the aim of recommending guidelines to assist educators to cope better with classroom management duties as well as maintaining discipline at the same time. The overall aims of the study were achieved through the following objectives: Reviewing existing literature to establish the nature of current classroom management duties. Investigating the influence of increased classroom duties on classroom management. Reviewing existing literature to establish the nature of current disciplinary measures. Investigating the influence of increased classroom duties on discipline. Making recommendations to assist educators to cope better with classroom management duties as well as maintaining discipline at the same time. The abovementioned aims were reached by completing a literature study and an empirical investigation. The study further investigated the perceptions of educators in the foundation phase (grade 2 educators and the respective Heads of Department) as well as principals regarding certain aspects of classroom management and discipline. This was investigated by means of structured questionnaires. Findings from the research indicated that refusal to obey requests and commands, noisiness, showing off, teasing, irritating or disturbing other learners, leaving their seats without permission, talking out of turn, calling out when the educator is speaking, making improper noises, not paying attention, storming out of the classroom, and knife attacks, are current types of behaviour that disturb lessons of educators (Landsberg et al., 2005:455). This makes it impossible for educators to teach properly. Learners who engage in such behaviour get no benefit from the teaching and learning situation. The attention of all the other learners is distracted and the atmosphere in the class is negatively affected. According to Landsberg et al., (2005:456) discipline is a huge part of classroom management and it is reactive in nature. Educators react to learner behaviour, which disrupts the good order of the classroom. Classroom management is proactive, it is preventative and self-control on the part of the learners is its goal. Further findings from the research indicated that educators struggle from teacher-burnout. It has also become apparent that educators are unsure of corrective disciplinary measures. Current disciplinary measures do not yield successful results. In fact, educators feel stressed and de-motivated. As a result of so many reasons for misbehaviour in classrooms, educators feel that they do not have the ability to manage the classroom. This study therefore provided recommendations to assist educators to cope better with classroom management duties in such a way that it will contribute to effective discipline in the foundation phase. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

In light of the plight of the vast Peruvian regime, in this article, the constitutional grounds of the disciplinary regime and sanctioned procedure will be discussed; and if the current regulation of the civil service law consistent with these fundamentals and the extensive regime of Peruvian labor laws in the legislative development focusing on those powers granted to authorities specifically with regard to the disciplinary measures and disciplinary proceedings. / A la luz de la compleja situación del extenso régimen peruano, en el presente artículo se analizará el sustento constitucional del régimen disciplinario y procedimiento sancionador. Asimismo, se analizará si la actual regulación de la Ley de Servicio civil coincide con estos fundamentos y el extenso régimen de la normativa laboral peruana enfocándose, de esta manera, en el desarrollo legislativo sobre aquellas facultades otorgadas a las autoridades encargadas, específicamente, en lo referido al régimen disciplinario y procedimiento sancionador.

The way in which educators’ competency to enforce disciplinary measures in the classroom is influenced by learners’ fundamental rights is investigated in this study. An in-depth literature study was conducted, and questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data at five rural high schools in the Southern Cape. The research findings indicate that participants’ understanding of the stipulations of important relevant acts and government notices is insufficient to manage problem situations regarding discipline with confidence. There is undoubtedly a need for information sessions and/or workshops that not only convey information on a theoretical level, but apply the stipulations of relevant legal sources and the principles of effective classroom management to educators’ daily classroom situations in a practical and functional way. A positive approach to discipline and restorative disciplinary measures that are based on respect and the positive development of learners are upheld, and various important principles that will promote more effective classroom management are suggested. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Onderwysbestuur)

The dissertation deals with the disciplinary process of the South African Police Service - perceptions and preferences of members in the North Rand area of the Gauteng Province. A research question " How members of the SAPS in the North Rand area of the Gauteng Province perceive the disciplinary process" is investigated in this study. The researcher has conducted a quantitative research in the North Rand area of the Gauteng Province using questionnaires and literature study as the research method. The answer to the research question in this study is that members of the SAPS have a negative attitude towards the disciplinary process of the SAPS. There is also uncertainty about the duties of certain role players during the disciplinary process. / Public Administration / M.A. (Public Administration)

En observant l’activité disciplinaire de l’administration, nous remarquons qu’il y beaucoup de cas où on a transgressé clairement les exigences et les garanties données par le législateur en faveur du fonctionnaire durant la procédure disciplinaire. En effet, l’importance de cette étude et ses objectifs sont les suivants :- Les garanties disciplinaires occupent une place importante dans la fonction publique, car ce sont elles qui protègent les droits du fonctionnaire qui fait l’objet d’une enquête disciplinaire et qui limitent l’arbitraire et l’extrémisme de l’administration vis-à-vis à ses employés, afin de réaliser une enquête disciplinaire juste. Etudier et démontrer la valeur juridique des garanties disciplinaires destinées à assurer la protection du fonctionnaire, notamment à notre époque où le nombre de fonctionnaires, en Libye, a dépassé, selon les dernières statistiques, le seuil de million de fonctionnaires ; ce qui fait d’eux la plus grande catégorie socioprofessionnelle. L’intervention de l’Etat pour satisfaire les besoins de ses citoyens se fait à travers les services publics dont l’efficacité repose sur celle du fonctionnaire. Et étant donné que le principe de l’efficacité exige l’octroi à l’administration d’un certain pouvoir disciplinaire pour sanctionner le fonctionnaire fautif, sécuriser l’emploi et rassurer l’employé sont également nécessaires, afin de stimuler ses ambitions et améliorer ses performances. C’est pourquoi l’existence du principe de la garantie et le fait de trouver l’équilibre entre ce principe et celui de l’efficacité est nécessaire. Cette étude a visé, également, à informer les fonctionnaires qu’il existe beaucoup de garanties pour lesquelles ils doivent être informés afin de pouvoir protéger leurs droits au cas où ils font l’objet des sanctions disciplinaires, alors qu’une grande majorité d’eux n’a aucune autre source financière à part leurs salaires. Car ils peuvent perdre leur traitement, cela est prévu par la loi en cas de suspension pendant la procédure disciplinaire ou pour toujours en cas de révocation. Enfin, l’intérêt de cette étude consiste, aussi, dans le fait qu’elle compare deux systèmes disciplinaires, à savoir le système libyen et le système français, tout en faisant référence à d’autres systèmes, afin d’identifier ses lacunes et proposer des solutions appropriées. Et cela éclaire, sans doute, le chemin devant les personnes chargées de faire évoluer les législations libyennes concernant la fonction publique. / In observing the disciplinary activity of the administration, we note that there are many cases where the requirements and guarantees given by the legislator in favor of the civil servant during the disciplinary procedure have been clearly violated.Indeed, the importance of this study and its objectives are as follows:Disciplinary safeguards play an important role in the public service, as they protect the rights of the civil servant who is the subject of a disciplinary investigation and limit the arbitrary and extremism of the administration vis-à-vis its employees, in order to conduct a fair disciplinary investigation.To study and demonstrate the legal value of the disciplinary guarantees intended to ensure the protection of the civil servant, especially in our time when the number of civil servants in Libya exceeded, according to the latest statistics, the threshold of millions of civil servants; This makes them the largest socio-professional category.The intervention of the State to satisfy the needs of its citizens is done through the public services whose efficiency depends on that of the official. And since the principle of efficiency requires the administration of a certain disciplinary power to sanction the offending official, secure the job and reassure the employee are also necessary, in order to stimulate his ambitions and improve his performance. That is why the existence of the principle of guarantee and the balancing of this principle with that of effectiveness is necessary.The study also aimed to inform public servants that there are many guarantees for which they must be informed in order to protect their rights in case they are subject to disciplinary sanctions, when a large majority of them have no other financial source besides their salaries. Because they may lose their treatment, this is provided by law in case of suspension during disciplinary proceedings or for always in case of revocation.In the fact that it compares two disciplinary systems, namely the Libyan and French systems, while making reference to other systems, in order to identify its shortcomings and propose appropriate solutions. And this undoubtedly illuminates the way for those responsible for the evolution of Libyan legislation concerning the public service.

Les agents des services correctionnels sont appelés à travailler et à intervenir quotidiennement auprès des individus incarcérés et se trouvent au cœur du fonctionnement des établissements de détention provinciaux du Québec. Leurs pratiques disciplinaires envers les individus incarcérés étaient auparavant considérées comme arbitraires et prenaient place dans un milieu défini comme autonome, autosuffisant, fermé sur l’extérieur et ne nécessitant pas le support de la société (Goffman, 1961). Les dernières décennies ont apporté de nombreux changements, tels la reconnaissance des droits des individus incarcérés, l’ouverture du milieu carcéral sur la société ou encore la normalisation des conditions de détention. A ceux-ci se sont ajoutés la Loi sur le système correctionnel du Québec et son Règlement d’application qui vient régir le processus disciplinaire. L’objet de cette recherche vise la compréhension des pratiques des agents correctionnels en matière de poursuites disciplinaires suite à ces changements. Cette étude vise également à comprendre les éléments venant influencer la décision, par un agent correctionnel, de dresser un rapport disciplinaire. Nos résultats se divisent en deux volets. Le premier suggère que le droit disciplinaire est une question d’équilibre carcéral. Les agents correctionnels, ayant la mission de maintenir la sécurité et l’ordre au sein du milieu carcéral, prennent également part à la mission de réinsertion sociale des individus incarcérés. Les agents doivent moduler leurs pratiques disciplinaires selon des éléments administratifs et institutionnels, tout en entretenant une relation avec les individus incarcérés basée sur la négociation et le marchandage. Le deuxième suggère que le droit disciplinaire est une question de pouvoir. En effet, malgré l’encadrement des établissements carcéraux par des textes légaux, les agents correctionnels détiennent un pouvoir discrétionnaire reconnu et accepté dans l’application de la discipline. / The correctional officers are at the hearth of the operation of provincial correctional facilities in Quebec as they are required to work and respond every day to individuals incarcerated in prisons. Their disciplinary practices towards incarcerated individuals were previously considered as arbitrary and took place in an environment defined as autonomous, self-sufficient, closed to the outside and that didn’t require the support of society (Gofmann, 1961). The last decades have brought many changes, such as the recognition of the rights of incarcerated individuals, the opening of the prison environment, the standardization of the detention conditions as well as the introduction of the Act respecting the Quebec Correctional System and the Regulations under the Act respecting the Quebec Correctional System, that regulate the disciplinary process. The interest of this research is the understanding of the practices of correctional officers in disciplinary proceedings following these changes. This study also aims the understanding of what influences the decision, by a correctional officer, to write a disciplinary report. Our results are divided in two aspects. The first suggests that the disciplinary practices are about power. Indeed, despite the supervision of prisons by legal texts, correctional officers have a discretionary power towards the application of discipline that is recognized and accepted. Secondly, the disciplinary practices are set in a certain balance of the prison regime. Correctional officers have the mission to maintain security and order within the prison. They also take part in the mission of social reintegration of incarcerated individuals. They must adjust their disciplinary practices according to administrative and institutional elements, while maintaining a relationship with incarcerated individuals based on negotiation and bargaining.