Thesis (M.J.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-101). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Yes / Discourse analysis is becoming an increasingly common approach in planning and environmental policy research. This paper asserts that the generic treatment of discourse analysis obscures distinct approaches where `discourses¿ can combine different elements of text, systems of thought, and action. Textually-oriented approaches have been more prevalent over the 1990s but this paper explores a different approach, grounded in the theory of Michel Foucault, which broadens discourse to embrace social action. Comparing and contrasting two studies which have utilised this approach, the paper suggests that there is considerable room for variation concerning the subjects of study, the institutional scale of analyses, the methods of investigation, and process of analysis. Nevertheless, this paper identifies certain core elements of a Foucauldian discourse analytic approach. The paper concludes that this emerging approach to discourse analysis promises considerable insights if applied more widely in planning and environmental research.

Post-Apartheid South Africa has seen xenophobic sentiments towards migrants increase, culminating in several deadly riots. The words of equality and diversity, nurtured during the fight for independence seem to be far away. Building on Micheal Neocosmos theories on South African Xenophobia as a political discourse, this thesis examines how nationalist discourse creates and sustains negative perceptions of migrants. Using theories on national identity to undertake a critical discourse analysis of South African parliament proceedings, it illustrates how the perception of a civic and democratic nation, naturalizes a dichotomy between migrants and citizens. How the narrative of an equal and free South Africa, relies on the opposite perception of neighboring countries, as chaotic, undemocratic and un-free, resulting in a negative view of migrants. It argues that the opposing discourse of Pan-Africanism provides an opportunity in which a more inclusive identity can be built. Finally this thesis wishes to contribute to further research on national identity construction, by proposing a four-dimensional framework of exclusion that provides a reference point for contrasting national discourses

Orientador: Carmen Zink Bolognini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis_IanOliveirade_M.pdf: 15784289 bytes, checksum: 29698860141ffa4f6ece26810ba5a82d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A partir de postulados da Análise do Discurso tais como: Efeitos de verdade estão relacionados ao poder, estão estabelecidos discursivamente por ele e fora dele inexistem (Foucault, 1969); Todo sujeito fala a partir de lugares de interlocução constituídos discursivamente e ideologicamente definidos ¿ ou seja, todo sujeito é constituído pelo discurso e, ao falar, põe em movimento a memória e a história da sua cultura, da sua sociedade, do seu país (Orlandi, 1993); Há sempre um jogo de força na memória sob o choque do acontecimento: jogo que visa manter uma regularização pré-existente, com os implícitos que ela veicula, que visa confrontá-la como estabilização parafrástica, negociando a integração do acontecimento até absorvê-lo e, eventualmente dissolvê-lo, mas também, ao contrário, jogo de força de uma desregulação que vem perturbar a rede de implícitos (Pêcheux, 1983), e com base na pesquisa efetuada por Zink (1996), acerca das relações de contato entre brasileiros e alemães, este trabalho analisa características das relações diplomáticas oficiais de contato Brasil/Alemanha, no que tange a parcerias de ação para a preservação do meio ambiente e da qualidade de vida no Planeta. Nele, além de serem pesquisadas características desse discurso oficial, investigamos em que medida a necessidade de não ignorar os danos ambientais produziu deslocamentos no funcionamento de discursos estabilizados nessas relações de contato e se o discurso sobre a necessidade de preservação ambiental reorganiza, ou não, as redes de memória anteriormente estabelecidas. Os resultados indicam, por um lado, oscilação entre um discurso afiliado ao chamado ¿paradigma social dominante¿ e um discurso preservacionista, de preocupação com o meio ambiente e contra a miséria e, por outro, oscilação entre a repetição dos lugares de interlocução anteriormente estabilizados e uma tendência à alteração desses lugares. Tal situação aponta para o alerta de Pêcheux (1983), de que para a caracterização da memória impregnada pelo acontecimento discursivo novo é necessário que se leve em conta ¿um espaço móvel de divisões, de disjunções, de deslocamentos e de retomadas, de conflitos de regularização (...), um espaço de desdobramentos, réplicas, polêmicas e contra-discursos¿ / Abstract: Based on premises of Discourse Analysis such as the following : Truth-effects are related to power, are established by power through discourse and outside its realm are inexistent (Foucault, 1969); Every subject speaks from interlocutory positions, which are discursively constituted and ideologically defined ¿ that is, every subject is constituted by discourse and, when speaks, the memory and history relative to the subject¿s culture, society and country are set in motion (Orlandi, 1993); There is always a power play within memory under the shock of events: such power play aims at maintaining a preexisting regularization, along with the implicit it coveys, it seeks to confront it as paraphrastic stabilization, negotiating the integration of the event until it is absorbed and, eventually dissolved, but also, in opposition, a power play from a deregulation which perturbs the implicit network (Pêcheux, 1983). And based on the research conducted by Zink (1996), about the relationship between Brazilians and Germans, the present work analyzes the characteristics of the contacts in official diplomatic relations betwee Brazil /Germany, in relation to partnerships for the protection and conservation of the environment and quality of life on Earth. Not only the characteristics of such official discourse were examined in the present work, but also how the need to recognize environmental damage produced dislocations in the functions of discourse established in such contact relations and, if the discourse concerning environmental preservation fosters, or not, a reorganization in the previously established memory networks. The results indicate, on one hand, an oscillation between a discourse affiliated to the so-called ¿dominant social paradigm¿, and a conservationist discourse, which is concerned with the environment and against misery, and on the other, an oscillation between the repetition of the previously stabilized interlocution places and a tendency towards the alteration of such places. Such situation points in the direction of Pêcheux¿s (1983) warning, that for the characterization of memory impregnated by a new discursive event it is necessary to take into account ¿a mobile space of divisions, disjunctions, dislocations, and reclaims, of regularization conflicts (...), a space of expansions, replicas, polemics and counter-discourses¿ / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The man and the blame – A gender theoretical study of how the victim and the perpetrator are represented in Expressen’s reporting of rape during the trial against Kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault. The theoretical frame of this study is Joan W. Scotts theory of poststructural feminism and Yvonne Hirdmans theory about the gender system, gender contract and the woman’s subordination. To examine how the victim and the perpetrator is represented in Expressen’s reporting of rape during the trial against Kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault a method of critical discource analysis, CDA, has been used. The result of the study showed that the representation of the victim and the perpetrator in Expressen is strives towards equality in the representation in comparison with the international studies that are presented in the study where the victim, often women, are represented as perpetrators and the perpetrator, often men, are represented as victims in the news media reportage of rape when it comes to both Australia and the United kingdom. / Mannen och skulden – En genusteoretisk studie om hur offer och gärningsman representeras i Expressens rapportering av våldtäkt under rättegången mot kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av Joan W. Scotts teori om poststrukturell feminism och Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genussystemet, genuskontrakt och kvinnans underordnande. För att undersöka hur offret och gärningsmannen representeras i Expressens våldtäktsrapportering under rättegången mot kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault har metoden kritisk diskursanalys använts. Studiens resultat visade att Expressens representation av offret och gärningsmannen strävar mot jämlikhet i jämförelse med de internationella studier som presenteras i studien där offret, ofta kvinnor, representeras som gärningsmän och gärningsmannen, ofta män, representeras som offer i nyhetsmedias våldtäktsrapporteringar i både Australien och Storbritannien.