Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseli Regis dos Reis.pdf: 1742120 bytes, checksum: dae6761af6773fca68c3ac4d07753e15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present study intends to comprehend the manifestation of uninterest of teenager students in school knowledge, at the heart of the school-society relationship. The matter of the uninterest demonstrated by private high school students is counterpoised with objective data that demonstrates a high level of satisfaction of such students with the school they attend and with the fact that many students remain interested. Under the sociology perspective, the research attempted to denaturalize the concept of interest, assuming it as a socio-historical construction, as something learned, and, thenceforth, to comprehend how the family environment, the social and schooling experiences constitute elements which configure the relation of the high school student and the school knowledge. The study supported the hypothesis that such uninterest is fundamentally forged in the net of interdependence composed by the family, the school and other educational experiences, in which are engendered and reinforced the provisions which, pursuant to the pressures exerted by the field itself, are triggered by the agent and define its relation with the knowledge. Aiming to test such hypothesis, eight students of the 2nd grade of high school were heard, through semi-structured interviews, conducted in the year of 2011: four of them appointed by professors as uninterested students and four appointed as interested students. The contributions of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, especially the concepts of habitus, field, ethos and illusio, constituted the theoretical background that guided all the steps of the research, from the delimitation of the problem to the analyses of the empirical data. The study evidenced that the uninterest of the young in school knowledge is the expression of a cultural disinvestment (in the libidinal sense) which has its origins in the familiar ethos and is reinforced in the maladjustment between it and the school ethos and of a hyper investment in the consumer relations and hedonistic pleasure, governing the new order of values in the contemporary society (in which also structure such ethos) / O presente estudo procura compreender a manifestação de desinteresse de alunos adolescentes pelo conhecimento escolar, no âmago da relação escola-sociedade. A questão do desinteresse manifesto por alunos de ensino médio de uma instituição privada que conta com boa parte de alunos interessados e satisfeitos com a escola é contraposta com dados objetivos que demonstram que existe também por parte dos alunos desinteressados um alto grau de satisfação para com a escola que frequentam. Sob a perspectiva da sociologia, na pesquisa buscou-se desnaturalizar o conceito de interesse, assumindo-o como uma construção sócio-histórica, como algo aprendido; e, a partir daí, compreender de que forma a ambiência familiar e as experiências sociais e de escolarização constituem elementos configuradores da relação do aluno do ensino médio com o conhecimento escolar. Como hipótese, o estudo sustentou que tal desinteresse é fundamentalmente forjado na rede de interdependências composta pela família, pela escola e por outras experiências educativas, onde se engendram e se reforçam as disposições que, em conformidade com as pressões exercidas pelo próprio campo, são acionadas pelo agente e definem sua relação com o conhecimento. Com vistas a testar tal hipótese, foram ouvidos, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas no ano de 2011, oito estudantes da 2ª série do ensino médio: quatro apontados pelos professores como desinteressados e quatro indicados como interessados. As contribuições do sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu, sobretudo os conceitos de habitus, campo, ethos e illusio, constituíram o referencial teórico que orientou todos os passos da pesquisa, da delimitação do problema às análises dos dados empíricos. O estudo apontou que o desinteresse do jovem pelo conhecimento escolar é a expressão de um desinvestimento (no sentido libidinal) cultural - que tem origem no ethos familiar e é reforçado no desajuste entre este e o ethos escolar - e de um hiperinvestimento nas relações de consumo e prazer hedonista, que regem a nova ordem de valores da sociedade contemporânea (onde também se estruturam tais ethos)

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-23T15:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Mayara dos Santos.pdf: 2174496 bytes, checksum: b3e94bdacc7f31d817a7a83207bd7d6e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T15:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mayara dos Santos.pdf: 2174496 bytes, checksum: b3e94bdacc7f31d817a7a83207bd7d6e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / This paper analyzes teachers and high school student’s perception from state high schools of Cascavel-PR, Brazil, about the possible relations between education and youth cultures, most specifically using rap in the school context to avoid view indifference in learning and school dropout at this stage of education. Rap is the emerging musical genre of hip hop movement, and it is described in this research as a sign of identification among young people and an articulating element of tribes and youth cultures. Rap is also part of the socialization processes of the youth, being full with meanings that integrate the sharing of feelings through this symbolism, the music. It is known that the valuation of different forms of aggregation, having as principle the sharing of feelings, is one of the characteristics of postmodern societies. Postmodernity marks the period of valorization of heterogeneity, multiculturalism and the recognition of different forms of aggregation, and it has as principle the socialization of common interests linked to affective issues. Therein, understanding that postmodernity provided new insights, regarding youth and youth groups, this research implies a reflection on the school as a dynamic social environment, constituting a space of interchange between different tribes and youth cultures. In this way, this paper points out aspects that make it difficult and / or possible to diversify methodologies in classroom, taking as reference issues of daily life and, especially, youth cultures. We believe that this can be an efficient way to reduce rates of school dropout and disinterest in learning from high school students, considering that one of the biggest complaints of young people is the difficulty of establishing relations between content and everyday life. The research was carried out in two stages: bibliographical and field research. The bibliographical research deals with the study of authors who approach the subject of postmodernity, youth, youth cultures, urban tribes, as well as data analysis related to school dropout and lack of interest in learning about the theme of youth and their relationship with the school, establishing a panorama of the phenomenon in Brazil, Paraná state and the city of Cascavel. The field research includes the data collected from ten teachers and students interviews from two high schools in the city of Cascavel. The interviews questioned about youth, school dropout, learning interest and the use of rap in school. The analysis of the data is based on the assumptions of Phenomenology by Michel Maffesoli. It was possible, through this research, to perceive that the students, in general, point out that using rap as an educational instrument that is articulated to the curricular contents can be a means of fostering interest in learning. On the other hand, while most teachers claim that rap can actually be considered an educational tool used in class and contributes to students' interest in learning, just a few have actually used it to work as educational content. This leads us to understand that, although there is an understanding that rap is an educational tool and collaborates in the apprehension of the curricular contents and arouses the interest for learning, this ends up being more a discourse than in fact a practice, because the teachers do not use it as their pedagogical practice. / Esta dissertação tem como escopo analisar a percepção dos professores e alunos do ensino médio da rede pública estadual de ensino de Cascavel - PR, sobre as relações possíveis entre educação e culturas juvenis, mais especificamente, o uso do rap no contexto escolar, tendo em vista a questão do desinteresse pela aprendizagem e a evasão nessa etapa de ensino. O rap, gênero musical emergente do movimento hip hop, é designado na presente pesquisa como signo de identificação entre os jovens e elemento articulador de tribos e culturas juvenis. O rap também é parte dos processos de socialização da juventude, sendo dotado de significados que integram a partilha de sentimentos, mediados por esse simbolismo, que é a música. Sabe-se que a valorização de diferentes formas de agregação, tendo como princípio a partilha de sentimentos, é uma das características das sociedades pós-modernas. A pós-modernidade marca o período da valorização da heterogeneidade, do multiculturalismo e o reconhecimento de diferentes formas de agregação dos sujeitos, tendo como princípio a socialização de interesses comuns, ligados a questões afetivas. Nesse sentido, entendendo que a pós-modernidade propiciou novos olhares, no que se refere à juventude e aos agrupamentos juvenis, essa pesquisa implica uma reflexão sobre a escola, como ambiente social dinâmico, constituindo-se um espaço de intercâmbio entre diferentes tribos e culturas juvenis. Dessa forma, buscamos problematizar aspectos que dificultam e/ou possibilitam a diversificação de metodologias em sala de aula, tendo como referência questões do cotidiano e principalmente as culturas juvenis. Entendemos que essa possa ser uma maneira eficiente de minorar índices de evasão e desinteresse pela aprendizagem, em relação aos alunos do ensino médio, considerando que uma das maiores queixas dos jovens é a dificuldade de estabelecer relações entre o conteúdo e o cotidiano. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois momentos: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa bibliográfica trata do estudo de autores que abordam a temática da pós-modernidade, juventude, culturas juvenis, tribos urbanas, bem como análise de dados relacionados à questão da evasão escolar e desinteresse pela aprendizagem, no que tange à temática da juventude e sua relação com a escola, estabelecendo um panorama do fenômeno no Brasil, Paraná e Cascavel. A pesquisa de campo compreende a coleta de dados, a partir da realização de entrevistas com dez professores e alunos, de duas escolas de ensino médio, da cidade de Cascavel. Nas entrevistas, foram levantadas questões referentes à juventude, evasão escolar, desinteresse e interesse pela aprendizagem, assim como sobre o uso do rap na escola. A análise dos dados tem como base os pressupostos da fenomenologia formista, de Michel Maffesoli. A partir dessa pesquisa, foi possível perceber que os alunos, em geral, apontam que utilizar o rap como um instrumento educativo, articulado aos conteúdos curriculares, pode ser um meio de propiciar o interesse pela aprendizagem. Em contrapartida, embora a maior parte dos professores afirme que o rap de fato possa ser considerado como um instrumento educativo, utilizado em sala, de forma a contribuir para o interesse dos alunos pela aprendizagem, poucos são aqueles que efetivamente já o utilizaram para trabalhar algum conteúdo. Isso nos leva a entender que, embora exista a compreensão de que o rap seja um instrumento educativo e colabore na apreensão dos conteúdos curriculares, despertando o interesse pela aprendizagem, isso acaba sendo mais um discurso do que de fato uma realidade, pois os professores não o utilizam em sua prática pedagógica.

Depuis l’antiquité, les avocats entretiennent avec l’argent une relation particulière.Jouant à la fois un rôle sur le plan social et professionnel, il constitue un élémentdéterminant de la profession.Le XIXe et le XXe « siècles de l’argent », symboles de la révolution industrielle,des mutations sociales et de l’avènement de la bourgeoisie ne peuvent qu’influencer lesrapports entre l’avocat et l’argent. Toutefois, si elles demeurent toujours très proches, laprofession à travers sa déontologie tente d’éloigner ces deux notions en instaurant leconcept du désintéressement et l’idée de mission sociale.Mais c’est sans compter sur la force et la puissance des transformations sociétales.Refuser de vivre avec son temps expose aux critiques et attise la suspicion. Plus quejamais il est l’heure pour les avocats de considérer leur profession comme un métier etde lever le voile sur des siècles de mystère dans ce lien les unissant à l’argent. / Since antiquity, lawyers have a special relationship with money. As a key elementof the profession, it plays both a social and a professional role in it.The 19th and 20th « money centuries », symbols of the industrial revolution, ofdeep social changes and of the advent of the middle class, obviously influenced thelinks between lawyers and money. However, as close as these two notions may remain,the profession tries, through its deontology, to keep a distance between them, institutingthe concept of disinterest and the idea of social mission.But it has to take into account the strength and power of societal changes.Refusing to move with the times can only raise criticisms and stir suspicion. More thanever, it is time for lawyers to consider their profession as a metier and to lift the veilfrom centuries of mystery about their links with money.

This thesis analyzes the kinds of verbal and nonverbal signals elites manifest to show leadership qualities. Launching from Max Weber’s conceptual framework of charisma as a power term and Harold Lasswell’s study of propaganda, this study takes a multidisciplinary approach to studying political leadership with elements of communication methodology and an ontological basis in evolutionary psychology. The study’s goal is to offer a framework for defining and evaluating the diverse signal patterns employed by political elites in three real-life situations. These are the Malta Summit, the 1992 Virginia Presidential Debate, and the 2012 South Carolina Republican Presidential Primary. The cases were chosen because they display a diverse set of signal variations during different types of interactions. The three case studies are evaluated by measuring frequency and patterns of occurrence of the five different interaction constructs (indicator of interest, indicator of disinterest, demonstration of high value, demonstration of low value, and compliance testing) to explain different interaction patterns. A simple frequency distribution of the different signals during a given interaction is used to display the empirical findings and to compare patterns across the case studies. This study reveals that the presence of DLV (demonstration of low value) signals weaken an elite’s position in relation to other elites and the public while the presence of DHV (demonstration of high value) signals strengthen an elite’s position. It is largely the presence, absence, and frequency of these two signals that determines who conveys leadership qualities effectively regardless of leadership style. Studying the signaling patterns of political elites would allow scholars to understand better the kinds of signal patterns and signal frequencies that are used in different types of leadership styles and norm ranges for signals including for political elites belonging to different cultures and subcultures