This thesis demonstrates how a model-based observer can be applied to estimate the reference pilot expectation that can be achieved with any instrument scanning behavior and established models of vestibular inputs. The MBO, developed by the Georgia Tech Cognitive Engineering Center, is applied here in both simple maneuvers examining spatial disorientation and full Air Traffic Control concepts of operations examining loss of energy state awareness. The computational experiments presented in this thesis examine how different effects (i.e., instrument scan pattern, accuracy of pilot perception of flight display information, and awareness of control surface deflections) can prevent or mitigate the susceptibility to spatial disorientation and loss of energy state awareness, thus setting requirements for intervention and countermeasure designs in terms of the scanning behavior they must foster.

This thesis explores young people’s transgenderings through negotiations of language, bodies and experiences of different peer and community-based support spaces in Aotearoa New Zealand. It critically examines what ‘support’ means for young people in relation to developing subjectivities and embodiments shaped by being both young and transgender/ gender non-conforming. While these perspectives are varied, I argue that the production of community and peer-based support for those who are both young and transgender or gender non-conforming has been undergoing a period of significant change, reflecting queer and postmodern shifts which have worked to re-conceptualise the ways queer and transgender communities and peers are imagined, incorporating a greater inclusive focus on diversity. Utilising Sara Ahmed’s concept of queer phenomenology and post-structuralist theory, the thesis thinks beyond binary approaches to gender and support, to consider support and gender non-conformity through the process of ‘disorientation’. Throughout this project both ‘gender’ and ‘support’ are positioned as being subjective, embodied and discursive knowledges and actions, represented in multiple and contradictory ideas, identities and expressions of the different participants. The study utilises in-depth qualitative interviews with participants who are young people (aged 16-30 years) and support providers and developers of transgender/queer based support in Aotearoa New Zealand. Working with young people and support providers, this research provides an analysis of support development for transgender and gender non-conforming young people in Aotearoa New Zealand, arguing that all participants in support (both providers and recipients) are shaping its provision.

L’œuvre d’Antonioni constitue un champ privilégié pour initier une étude du paysage dans l’art cinématographique. Notre étude se focalise sur le dépaysement cinématographique d’Antonioni, de Blow up (1966) à son retour en Italie avec Identification d’une femme (1982). Notre étude vise à marquer l’importance d’une conception mouvante et cinéplastique du paysage, intégrant la question du montage, du mouvement (de l’image et dans l’image), pour dégager les forces rythmiques, métamorphiques et plastiques de l’image-paysage au cinéma. A partir de ces forces, nous souhaitons ouvrir la question du paysage à l’aune de la notion de dépaysement. Le dépaysement constitue un matériau opérant pour penser l’image cinématographique, sa déterritorialisation, son mouvement. Dépayser le paysage entraîne chez Antonioni un dialogue avec l’Histoire de l’art qui implique de repenser les questions esthétiques majeures du XXème siècle (de l’abstraction à l’art informel, en passant par le Land Art et la performance) dans le champ d’une étude cinématographique. La question du dépaysement nécessite de proposer de nouveaux outils pour penser le paysage au cinéma. Nous proposons de nommer « entre-paysage » la constitution d’un paysage qui intègre les processus propres à l’image cinématographique dans sa plastique, en nous appuyant sur les notions d’intervalle et d’entre-image. Un « entre-paysage » cinématographique, tel qu’il est possible de le définir dans l’œuvre d’Antonioni, ouvre une mobilisation plastique de l’image-paysage qui nous permet d’interroger en retour la pratique artistique contemporaine. / The work of Antonioni is a fertile field to study landscape in cinematographic art. This study focuses on Antonioni's cinematographic disorientation, from Blow up (1966) to its come-back in Italy with Identification of a woman (1982). My work aims at showing the importance of a changing and cineplastic vision of landscape which integrates the question of editing, motion (of image and inside the image itself), in order to highlight the rhythmic, metamorphic and plastic strenghts of the image-landscape in the cinema. Having shown these strenghts, I intend to interrogate the question of landscape from the notion of disorientation. Disorientation represents an operating materiel to think the cinematographic image, its deterritorialisation, its motion. Disorientating landscape in Antonioni's work leads to a dialogue with art history, which implies to rethink the major aesthethic questions of the 20th century (from abstraction to informal art, by Land-Art and performance) in the context of a cinematographic study. The question of disorientation requires new tools to rethink landscape in the cinema. I suggest to name « inter-landscape » the constitution of a landscape which integrates peculiar to image in its plastic processes relying on notions suchs as interval and inter-images. A cinematographic « inter-landscape », as can be define from the work of Antonioni, offers a plastic mobilisation of the image-landscape which allows to interrogate, in turn, contemporary artistic practice.

Depuis son apparition au milieu du XIXe siècle, la gare ferroviaire n'a cessé de se métamorphoser et de se complexifier. Ce long processus a conduit à une « labyrinthification » spatiale, temporelle et fonctionnelle de ces grands équipements métropolitains. Ce phénomène pose un problème de lisibilité des espaces et se traduit notamment par la complexification des cheminements et la désorientation des usagers. Depuis quelques années, ces questions deviennent des préoccupations majeures pour les concepteurs et les gestionnaires, qui n'arrivent pas toujours à y répondre de manière efficace. La recherche propose une approche à la fois théorique et méthodologique des questions de « lisibilité » et d' « accessibilité » des espaces de la grande gare contemporaine autour du concept de « wayfinding ». On cherche à identifier les facteurs qui influencent les expériences de passage en gare et génèrent ou accompagnent les situations de désorientation et de confusion en s'appuyant notamment sur l'analyse des commentaires verbaux et des parcours filmés de volontaires à l'intérieur de la gare de la Part-Dieu à Lyon. Les travaux ont permis de mettre en évidence la complexité des facteurs à prendre en compte dans l'analyse de la lisibilité des espaces de la gare et des cheminements piétons : caractéristiques physiques et sensibles des lieux, degré d'efficacité de la signalétique, caractéristiques individuelles voyageur, compétences cognitives et perceptives, profil émotionnel, habilités spatiales et personnalité. Ils permettent d'imaginer une nouvelle approche de la conception des grandes gares contemporaines. / Since its appearance in the middle of the XIXe century, the railway station has continued to transform and become more complex. This long process drove to a spatial, temporal and functional "labyrinthification" of these big metropolitan facilities. This phenomenon poses a problem of legibility of the spaces and results notably in the complexity of the paths and disorientation of users. Since some years, these questions become major preoccupations for designers and managers, who are not always able to respond efficiently. Research proposes a theoretical and methodological approach around the concept of" wayfinding, to the questions of "legibility" and "accessibility" of the spaces in the big contemporary station. It seeks to identify the factors that influence the experiences of station passage and generate or accompany situations of disorientation and confusion, relying in particular on the analysis of subject's volunteer's verbal reports and filmed courses inside the station Part-Dieu in Lyon. The work has highlighted the complexity of factors to be taken into account in the analysis of the legibility of the space station and pedestrian paths: physical and sensitive characteristics of places, effectiveness of signage, individual characteristics, cognitive and perceptual skills, emotional profile, spatial abilities and personality. They allow us to imagine a new approach to the design of large of large contemporary stations.

The problem of spatial disorientation during flight of aircraft is briefly described, as are definitions of the phenomenon. Traditional countermeasure efforts that are often directed towards changes in the central visual field are reconsidered in favour of presentation of information in the peripheral visual field. It is proposed to use optic flow to support spatial orientation, as well as to omit such information from the central visual field. An experiment was conducted, and results showed that forward visual flow gave very important spatial information. The flow could be cropped to a certain degree in the periphery (horizontally), as well as parts of the central presentation could be omitted without decreasing effects in the experiment. Implications relevant to possible implementations in aircraft are discussed.

In the past decades, Sweden’s asylum policy known for its humanitarianism has taken a significant turn toward restrictiveness. In 2016 a temporary law was introduced in Sweden to restrict asylum seekers in reaction to the refugee crisis 2015. The group that has been hit hard by this law is the unaccompanied young refugees. In 2018 another temporary law referred to as the Upper Secondary School Act was enforced to allow certain unaccompanied young refugees to complete their upper secondary education studies. Those young refugees who received temporary resident permits may only extend his or her resident permit if he or she finds a permanent employment within six months after graduation from the second upper school. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of how the Upper Secondary School Act affects the lives of those young refugees, and how those young people orientate themselves in their everyday lives to live up to the law’s requirement. The study’s data has been gathered through a qualitative research method and six interviews are conducted with six young refugees affected by the Upper Secondary School Act. The study’s theoretical approach is based on orientation/disorientation, deserving, SOC(a sense of  Coherence) and human capital theory. The study shows that the Upper secondary school Act has led to negative consequences for those unaccompanied young refugees due to the law’s difficult requirement. It causes stress, mental problems and disorientation for the young refugees. The study also shows that the young refugees worked very hard to navigate the uncertainty in their lives, to fulfil the law’s requirement and claim for belonging in Sweden.  The study concludes that the political context shapes the lives of young refugees.

In the locomotion design space, artificial locomotion is most commonly used when navigating virtual spaces larger than the physical space provided. Some significant challenges to the use of artificial locomotion are however cybersickness and disorientation. Cybersickness is a phenomenon that creates discomfort for the user and is believed to be inflicted by continuous movement and its creation of vection. Contrarily, discrete locomotion interfaces like teleportation do not cause vection or cybersickness for the user. However, because of this, teleportation is unable to offer spatial updating, which is crucial for preventing disorientation. This thesis investigates an alternative to these interfaces that aims to combine their benefits while avoiding their drawbacks in an interface referred to as Stepwise teleportation that consist of short discrete translations, referred to as steps, in the direction chosen by the user. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It affects one in five people over the age of 80 and is distressing for both sufferers and their families. A transitional stage between normal ageing and dementia including AD is termed a mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recent studies have shown that people with MCI may convert to AD over time although not all MCI cases progress to AD. Much research is now focussing on early detection of AD and diagnosing an MCI that will progress to AD to allow prompt treatment and disease management before the neurons degenerate to a stage beyond repair. Hence, the ability to obtain a method of identifying MCI is of great importance. Virtual reality plays an important role in healthcare and offers opportunities for detection of MCI. There are various studies that have focused on detection of early AD using virtual environments, although results remain limited. One significant drawback of these studies has been their limited capacity to incorporate levels of difficulty to challenge users' capability. Furthermore, at best, these studies have only been able to discriminate between early AD and healthy elderly with about 80% of overall accuracy. As a result, a novel virtual simulation called Virtual Reality for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease (VREAD) was developed. VREAD is a quick, easy and friendly tool that aims to investigate cognitive functioning in a group of healthy elderly participants and those with MCI. It focuses on the task of following a route, since Topographical Disorientation (TD) is common in AD. An investigation was set up with two cohorts: non-elderly and elderly participants. The findings with regard to the non-elderly are important as they represent a first step towards implementation with elderly people. The results with elderly participants indicate that this simulation based assessment could provide a method for the detection of MCI since significant correlations between the virtual simulation and existing neuropsychological tests were found. In addition, the results proved that VREAD is comparable with well-known neuropsychological tests, such as Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Test Battery, Paired Associate Learning (CANTAB PAL) and Graded Naming Test (GNT). Furthermore, analysis through the use of machine learning techniques with regard to the prediction of MCI also obtained encouraging results. This novel simulation was able to predict with about 90% overall accuracy using weighting function proposed to discriminate between MCI and healthy elderly. / Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia (UNisZa)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiana Kehdi Gerab.pdf: 330562 bytes, checksum: 7a0ee5fca2c893dac3a5b34f3724b8cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-24 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / The present research is based on a clinical case and its objective is to think about clinical Therapeutic Accompaniment (AT in Portuguese) by the transformation into narrative of what has been experienced between therapist and patient. The main questions that direct this work concern preoccupations experienced in the narrative fragments relating to the creation of the setting, the position of the therapist in transference and the tendency to a disorientation effect. It is not the purpose here to define AT from its history, nor to distinguish it from private or institutional clinical practice, nor to show the superiority of one over the other. This dissertation intends to consider the difficulties that this practice presents for the therapist, relating these to the basic foundations of psychoanalysis which refer to the creation and management of the setting. It is maintained here that the setting must be implicit in the therapist s body. From this central idea, it is possible to develop elements that allow us to think about an expansion of this clinical practice in difficult cases, and about the disorientation experienced by the therapist / A presente pesquisa, que tem como campo a Psicopatologia Fundamental, parte de um caso clínico e tem como objetivo pensar a clínica do Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT) através da transformação em narrativa daquilo que foi vivido pela dupla acompanhante-paciente. As principais questões que a conduzem dizem respeito a inquietações vividas nos fragmentos narrados, no que se refere à criação do enquadre, à posição ocupada pelo terapeuta na transferência, e à tendência ao efeito de desorientação. Não é objetivo aqui definir a clínica do AT a partir de sua história, nem de distingui-la em relação à prática do consultório ou à clínica institucional, muito menos privilegiar uma sobre a outra. Trata-se, sim, de pensar nas dificuldades que o AT suscita ao terapeuta a partir dos fragmentos clínicos narrados, orientando-se pelos fundamentos básicos da psicanálise no que se refere à criação e manutenção de um enquadre. Sustenta-se aqui que o enquadre deve estar implícito no corpo do acompanhante. A partir desta ideia central é possível trazer elementos para que se pense na abertura da clínica para casos de difícil manejo e no tema da desorientação no AT

When Brian Friel’s play The Freedom of the City premiered in 1973, just a year after the events of Bloody Sunday, it was met with harsh criticism and called a work of propaganda. In the play, three peaceful protestors flee a civil rights demonstration turned violent and end up trapped inside the Guildhall in Derry, Northern Ireland. By the end of the play, they are shot dead. These three protestors, disoriented by violence as well as the aftereffects of life-long poverty, on the surface are not emblems of morality. However, this thesis employs Ami Harbin’s theorization of disorientation and moral action to challenge traditional virtue ethics and showcase that even in the midst of all-encompassing disorientation, moral action can easily emerge, even from the most unexpected person. Specifically, I look at the character Skinner, a flippant hooligan who leads the other trapped protestors through a series of games ultimately meant to encourage them to embrace their disorientation as he has. Within Friel’s drama, accepting and embracing disorientation as opposed to fighting it, I conclude, is what frees one from the bounds of disorientation, and in this case, allows a person to more fully perpetuate moral action.