Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:41:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Giovanni Santos Carvalho.pdf: 4299748 bytes, checksum: 026ddef622b0abee7f254cf45582e0de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: Prematurity is a serious problem for health services across the world, and the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the largest lung problem during the neonatal period. The deployment of new technologies such as prenatal corticosteroids has shown an important role in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality, in spite of few studies conducted in Brazil. Purpose: Evaluate the impact of antenatal corticosteroid on clinical outcomes of premature newborns. Methodology: Retrospective study of medical data collection of 24 newborns to 34 weeks of gestational age and their respective mothers, during the year of 2010 at Maternity "Balbina Mestrinho" in Manaus/AM. The sample was divided into four groups, considering the exposure of newborns to prenatal corticosteroid and the gestational age of them [Corticosteroids Groups (CG) ≤ 30 and 31 weeks ≥; and groups without Corticosteroid (GS) ≤ and ≥ 30 31semanas]. The GC and GS ≤ 30; GC and GS ≥ 31 were compared, considering the variables: incidence of RDS and its severity, use of exogenous surfactant, ventilatory support requirement, length of hospital stay and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The Generalized Fisher exact test and the binomial test and the Mann-Whitney were used by statistical software R2 .14 .1 with the packages and Deducer Rcmdr, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: the frequency of use of corticosteroid was 43,91% among pregnant women. The prenatal corticosteroids reduced the RDS diagnosis, but not its severity, in the GC ≥ 31 (p = 0.0028), as well as the need for exogenous surfactant administration (p = 0.0175), what was not seen in the GC ≤ 30. The corticosteroid did not reduce the use of ventilatory support or the number of days of its use, nor the time of hospitalization. There was no difference in the diagnosis of morbidity and mortality among newborns of same gestational range exposed to antenatal corticosteroid (p > 0.05). Conclusions: there was repercussion in favour of the use of antenatal corticosteroid in RDS reduction and the use of exogenous surfactant for newborns with a gestational age ≥ 31 weeks; on the other hand, such therapy did not influence the use and duration of ventilatory support, length of hospital stay and mortality rates between newborns of similar gestational range. / Introdução: A prematuridade representa um sério problema para serviços de saúde através do mundo, sendo a síndrome do desconforto respiratório neonatal (SDRN) o maior problema pulmonar durante o período neonatal. A implantação de novas tecnologias como a corticoterapia pré-natal têm mostrado importante papel na redução da morbimortalidade neonatal, apesar dos poucos estudos realizados no Brasil. Objetivo: Avaliar as repercussões da corticoterapia pré-natal sobre variáveis de evolução clínica e desfecho de recém-nascidos (RN´s) prematuros. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo, de coleta de dados de prontuários de neonatos de 24 a 34 semanas de idade gestacional (IG) e de suas respectivas mães, durante o ano de 2010 na Maternidade Balbina Mestrinho em Manaus/AM. A amostra foi dividida em quatro grupos, considerando-se a exposição dos RN´s à corticoterapia pré-natal e a IG dos mesmos [Grupos Corticoides (GC) ≤ 30 e ≥ 31 semanas; e Grupos Sem Corticoide (GS) ≤ 30 e ≥ 31semanas]. Os GC e GS ≤ 30; GC e GS ≥ 31 foram comparados, considerando-se as variáveis: incidência de SDRN e sua severidade, uso de surfactante exógeno, necessidade de suporte ventilatório, tempo de internação e morbimortalidade neonatal, utilizando-se os testes Exato de Fisher Generalizado e o Teste binominal bem como o de Mann-Whitney por meio do software estatístico R2,14,1 com os pacotes Deducer e Rcmdr, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A frequência de utilização do corticoide foi de 43,91% entre as gestantes. A corticoterapia pré-natal reduziu o diagnóstico da SDRN, mas não a sua severidade, no GC ≥ 31 (p=0,0028), bem como a necessidade de administração do surfactante exógeno (p=0,0175), fato não ocorrido no GC ≤ 30. O corticoide não reduziu o uso de suporte ventilatório nem o número de dias de sua utilização, tampouco o tempo de internação. Não houve diferença no diagnóstico de morbimortalidade entre os RN´s de mesma faixa gestacional expostos à corticoterapia pré-natal (p>0,05). Conclusões: Verificou-se repercussão favorável ao uso do corticoide pré-natal na redução da SDRN e na utilização de surfactante exógeno para RN´s com IG ≥ 31 semanas; por outro lado, tal terapia não apresentou influência no uso e tempo de suporte ventilatório, tempo de internação e morbimortalidade entre RN´s de faixa gestacional similar.

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes and cost involved with use of poractant versus beractant for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in a level III, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within an academic medical center. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients if they were admitted to the NICU for RDS between April 1, 2010 to November 30, 2010 and December 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011 treated with beractant and poractant respectively. Patients were excluded from the study if they were greater than 35 weeks gestational age and survived less than 48 hours. This is a review and the information needed from the patients was submitted in a data extraction form. Data collected included demographic variables (age, birthweight, birth length, gender, and race/ ethnicity), FiO2 measurement, mechanical ventilation time, length of hospitalization in the NICU, the incidence complications in the first 28 days, number of doses given, use of the nasal CPAP, concurrent complications or comorbidites such as pulmonary hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and retinopathy of maturity. Main Results: Data from 27 neonates in beractant and 13 in poractant groups were collected. The FiO2 measurements in both groups were generally similar. However, FiO2 was consistently lower in the poractant group. (p = 0.044 from a runs statistical test) Conclusions: The FiO2 measurement is poractant group was lower compared with beractant group, however the difference was noted to be not statistically significant.

No description available.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-20T19:48:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André Gustavo Moura Guimarães.pdf: 1691381 bytes, checksum: b4f575802538a0af96f868e24171236c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T19:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André Gustavo Moura Guimarães.pdf: 1691381 bytes, checksum: b4f575802538a0af96f868e24171236c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Introduction: neonatal pain results in neurobiological effects, and changes in behavioral reactions of children who were born prematurely. There is no clear description about the pain caused by chest physiotherapy technique, nor about the possible non-pharmacological interventions to prevent it. Objective: to evaluate neonatal pain and physiological parameters during the chest physiotherapy in premature neonates (PTNB) in neonatal intensive care. Method: a randomized controlled trial, not blinded, in which 120 PTNB in mechanical ventilation were studied. They were randomized into four groups: control group (CG), diaphragmatic stimulation group (EDG), manual hyperinflation group (MHG), thoracic vibration group (VTG), containing 30 individuals in each one. The protocol consisted of 3 phases, the first phase being considered the control, and the other associated with non-pharmacological techniques to reduce pain: application of the technique (phase 1), application of technique + facilitated tucking (phase 2), application of technique + glucose (phase 3). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), SpO2, Behavioral pain scale Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP, ranges from 0 to 10) and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS, ranges from 0 -7) were recorded at pre, during and after (15 minutes) the procedures described. Results: 62 (51.66%) RNPT were female, and most considered small for gestational age (83, 69%). Physiological variables (HR, FR, and SpO2) behaved in a similar manner in all groups (CG, MHG, EDG, VTG), being greater in phase 1, however these variables were reduced at phase 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). This means that during the application of non-pharmacological intervention (facilitated tucking or glucose) there was reduction of those variables. BIIP and NIPS scales showed increased in all of the groups in the phase 1 during the application of the techniques, however, similar to the physiological variables, these scales had reduced scores when applied to facilitated tucking (phase 2) or glucose (phase 3), p < 0.05. The number of individuals who have had pain assessed by BIIP (> 3 points) at the moment after in the phase 1 was 83 (69%), in phase 2 was 22 (18%), and in phase 3 of 34 (28%), p < 0.001. Conclusions: The chest physiotherapy techniques can increase the pain in PTNB, however, the non-pharmacological techniques, such as facilitated tucking and glucose, were able to reduce it. / Introdução: A dor neonatal desencadeia efeitos neurobiológicos agudamente, e alterações nas reações comportamentais da criança nascida prematuramente. Não há descrição clara sobre a dor ocasionada por técnicas manuais de fisioterapia respiratória, tampouco sobre as possíveis intervenções não farmacológicas na prevenção da mesma. Objetivo: Avaliar a dor neonatal e parâmetros fisiológicos durante a fisioterapia respiratória em neonatos prematuros na UTI neonatal. Metodologia: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado, não cego, no qual foram estudados 120 recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPT), de ambos os sexos, em ventilação mecânica. Foram randomizados em quatro grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo estimulação diafragmática (GED), grupo hiperinsuflação manual (GHM), grupo vibração torácica (GVT), contendo 30 indivíduos em cada. O protocolo constou de 3 fases, sendo a primeira fase considerada a controle, e as demais associadas a técnicas não farmacológicas de redução da dor: aplicação da técnica (fase 1), aplicação da técnica e contenção (fase 2), aplicação da técnica e glicose (fase 3). A frequência cardíaca (FC), respiratória (FR), SpO2, escala de dor Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP, varia de 0 a 10) e Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS, varia de 0 -7) foram registradas pré, durante e após (15 minutos) dos procedimentos em cada fase descrita. Resultados: 62 (51,66%) dos RNPT do sexo feminino, e a maioria considerados pequenos para idade gestacional (83 69%). As variáveis fisiológicas (FC, FR, e SpO2) se comportaram de maneira semelhante, em todos os grupos, sendo maior na fase 1, reduzindo nas fases 2 e 3 (p<0,05). Durante a aplicação de intervenção não farmacológica (contenção ou glicose) houve redução daquelas variáveis. As escalas BIIP e NIPS mostraram aumento em todos dos grupos na fase 1 durante a aplicação das técnicas, sendo reduzida a dor quando aplicado a contenção (fase 2) ou a glicose (fase 3), p< 0,05. O número de indivíduos que tiveram dor avaliado pela BIIP (> 3 pontos) no momento após na fase 1 foi 83 (69%), na fase 2 foi 22 (18%), e na fase 3 de 34 (28%) p< 0,001. Conclusões: As técnicas de manuais de fisioterapia respiratória demonstraram gerar dor nos RNPT, entretanto, técnicas não farmacológicas como contenção e glicose foram capazes de reduzi-la.

This review will focus on the therapeutic uses of antioxidant liposomes. Antioxidant liposomes have a unique ability to deliver both lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants to tissues. This review will detail the varieties of antioxidants which have been incorporated into liposomes, their modes of administration, and the clinical conditions in which antioxidant liposomes could play an important therapeutic role. Antioxidant liposomes should be particularly useful for treating diseases or conditions in which oxidative stress plays a significant pathophysiological role because this technology has been shown to suppress oxidative stress. These diseases and conditions include cancer, trauma, irradiation, retinotherapy or prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, chemical weapon exposure, and pulmonary infections.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is in the center of the scientific debate both for its complex pathophysiology and for the discussion about the remedies that could contribute to its healing. The intricate interplay of different body systems that characterizes ARDS is mirrored by two main research threads, one centered on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and the other on the new approaches to lung imaging. In this Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine are presented studies using imaging technologies based on electrical impedance tomography, synchrotron radiation computed tomography and intravital probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy. The studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms pertain to the evaluation of the biomarkers of the disease and the platelet disfunction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These contributions witness the intensity of ARDS research as many of the key problems of the disease are only in part resolved.

Enteral nutrition (EN) is often delayed in critically ill patients despite strong evidence to support that early enteral nutrition feeding is beneficial in this population. Adverse outcomes in critically ill patients in which nutrition is delayed include a longer length of stay and time on the ventilator, and a higher incidence of pneumonia and hospital mortality. The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the current evidence regarding trophic enteral feeds in mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI) and associated clinical outcomes. A retrospective literature review was performed to identify articles published on the topic of trophic feeds in mechanically ventilated adult patients with ALI/ARDS, with a focus on associated clinical outcomes. The studies included in this literature review indicated that the dose and timing of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with ARDS/ALI had an effect on clinical outcomes. It is possible that additional variables such as the level of organ dysfunction and varying definitions for trophic enteral nutrition also influenced clinical outcomes. The United States (U.S.) and Canadian guidelines for nutrition supportrecommend either trophic or full EN for patients with ARDS/ALI on the basis that these two feeding strategies have similar patient outcomes over the first week of hospitalization. After reviewing the literature, we conclude that caution is warranted when following this recommendation. Regressions suggest full calorie enteral nutrition administered early in the course of critical illness significantly increased the odds of mortality, whereas full calorie enteral nutrition administered later reduced the odds of mortality.

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No description available.