Les fouilles archéologiques du site Oakes Bay 1 à Dog Island, près de Nain (Nunatsiavut, Labrador) ont révélé l'existence d'un village hivernal inuit habité de la fin du 17ème à la fin du 18ème siècle. Cette occupation intervient pendant le Petit Âge glaciaire qui a engendré une importante variabilité sur l'étendue de la banquise côtière et donc sur la répartition des différentes populations de phoques de la région, chassées par les Inuits. L'objectif principal de cette étude est d'utiliser, de façon conjointe et inédite, la zooarchéologie et la micromorphologie, afin de proposer une fine chronologie d'occupation reliée à l'évolution des pratiques de subsistance et ce, pour deux maisons occupées au 18ème siècle. Les analyses montrent que l'économie de subsistance était constante et basée sur la chasse au phoque annelé au printemps sur la banquise côtière. Pour chaque maison, on observe une première phase d'occupation récurrente associée à des conditions environnementales prévisibles suivie d'une deuxième phase d'occupation plus sporadique probablement liée à des variations climatiques plus importantes. Cette étude montre que l'utilisation conjointe de la micromorphologie et de la zooarchéologie permet d'identifier différents marqueurs climatiques ainsi que des processus naturels et anthropiques responsables de la formation des dépotoirs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how internal and external sources influence dog owners’ desire and intent to travel with their dogs, using the model of goal-directed behavior (MGB). Specifically, this study investigates 1) the demographic profile of participating dog owners, 2) the relationship between dog owners’ Anticipated Emotions (AE) and their desire to travel with their dogs, 3) dog owners’ Attitudes toward the act (Aact) of traveling with their dogs and its relationship with their desire to travel with dogs, 4) the relationship between Subjective Norms (SN) and dog owners desire to travel with dogs, 5) owners’ Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) over their dog-accompanied travel situation, 6) the relationship between desire for dog-accompanied travel and Behavioral Intent (BI), and 7) the relationship between Past Behavior (PB) and the desire and BI regarding future travel with dogs.

Synchroniser son comportement sur celui d’autrui est adaptatif et essentiel au maintien des interactions et de la cohésion sociale : plus deux individus sont affiliés, plus leurs comportements sont synchronisés, et inversement. Cela est observé au sein de nombreuses espèces, dont l’humain, mais l’existence de ce phénomène au niveau interspécifique n’est que peu documentée.Les travaux de thèse révèlent que les chiens de compagnie, du point de vue productif, synchronisent leurs comportements sur ceux de leur propriétaire lors de déplacements en intérieur ou en extérieur, et également lors d’une rencontre avec une personne inconnue. De plus, les comparaisons du comportement de ces dyades avec ceux des chiens de refuge accompagnés de leur soigneur montrent que la nature du lien affiliatif joue un rôle essentiel dans le degré de synchronisation comportementale. Par contre, ce phénomène n’est que peu modulé par le sexe, l’âge et la race. Enfin, inversement, du point de vue perceptif, le présent travail montre pour la première fois que les chiens de compagnie préfèrent les humains qui synchronisent leur comportement avec le leur.En conclusion, comme entre humains, la synchronisation comportementale joue le rôle de glue sociale entre les chiens et les humains. C’est la première fois qu’une telle capacité est mise en évidence entre une espèce de primate et une espèce de canidé ; cela suggère une convergence évolutive de ce comportement, et l’existence de processus cognitifs s’apparentant à ceux des humains chez le chien. Les implications pratiques et théoriques de ces résultats sont finalement discutées à la lueur des quatre questions de Tinbergen (1963). / Non-conscious behavioral synchronization is adaptive, depending on affiliation and participating in fostering social cohesion. It is found within various species, including humans, but little is known about such a phenomenon between species. Due to their close association, dog and human dyads is a good biological model to study interspecific behavioral synchronization.For the first time, behavioral synchronization of dogs with humans was evidenced between highly affiliated partners (i.e. pet dogs and their owners) when freely walking inside or in open outside area, and when facing an unfamiliar person. The effect of affiliation was also investigated: lower affiliated partners (i.e. shelter dogs and their caregiver) exhibited lower degree of synchronization with human compare to highly affiliated partners, similarly than between humans. This is the first time that the effect of affiliation on behavioral synchronization has been evidenced at interspecific level. Almost no effect of age, sex or breed was evidenced. Finally, it was evidenced that pet dogs exhibit increased affiliation towards humans who synchronized their behavior with them. It is the third species in which such an ability is evidenced, and the first time it is found in canids.To conclude, as in humans, behavioral synchronization acts as a social-glue between dogs and humans. It is the first time that such a skill is evidenced between a primate species and a canid species; it suggests a convergent evolution of this behavior, and human-like processes in dogs. Applied implications of such findings, as well as Tinbergen (1963) four’s inquiries for behavioral synchronization are discussed.

Orientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente / Banca: Anderson Farias / Banca: Márcia Ferreira da Rosa Sobreira / Banca: Marileda Bonafim Carvalho / Banca: Áureo Evangelista Santana / Resumo: A ingestão de proteína promove modificações na função renal. O mecanismo que governa este evento ainda não é conhecido. O estudo foi composto por seis experimentos realizados com os mesmos animais. Inicialmente (capítulo 2) foi conduzida a avaliação basal e investigação das modificações da fisiologia renal determinadas pela carga de proteína (CP). No capítulo 3, foi estudada a participação das prostaglandinas na regulação das funções glomerular e tubular por meio do uso de antiinflamatório não-esteroidal, em condição basal e com CP. Do mesmo modo, o capítulo 4 destinou-se a estudar a relação do Sistema Renina Angiotensina Aldosterona (SRAA) sobre a função renal e sua possível interação com a resposta dos rins à CP. Assim foram utilizados o inibidor da ECA (i-ECA), e a combinação de CP+i-ECA. Os experimentos permitiram concluir que cães sadios alimentados com uma carga de proteína equivalente à necessidade diária, respondem com aumento importante da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG). As prostaglandinas participam do mecanismo de manutenção renal da homeostase de água, sódio e potássio continuamente e, atuam no mecanismo que aumenta a filtração glomerular após CP. Por outro lado, a angiotensina II (AII) pode ser responsável pela manutenção da TFG em situação basal, ou seja, quando o aumento da filtração não é requerido. Se fisiologicamente o cão apresenta aumento da TFG após ingestão de proteína, e este evento fica parcialmente restringido com a inibição da formação de AII, o aumento de liberação de renina pode desencadear diminuição não fisiológica da TFG. Assim, há indicativos de que o SRAA e as postaglandinas trabalham de maneira contrabalanceada para manutenção da TFG, e a conservação destes mecanismos é essencial para a homeostase renal. / Abstract: The ingestion of protein promotes modifications in renal function but its mechanism is still unknown. The present study was based on six experimental essays using the same animals. Initially, there was a basal evaluation and also an investigation of modifications in renal physiology due to load protein (chapter 2). In chapter 3, it was studied the action of prostaglandin upon regulation of glomerular and tubular function through the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (basal and load protein). The relation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system on renal function and its possible interaction with kidneys response to load protein was studied in chapter 4. For that purpose it was used ECA inhibitor (i-ECA), and the combination of load protein + i-ECA. The experiments allow us to conclude that healthy dogs fed with load protein equivalent to diary ingestion, presented a remarkable increase in GFR. Prostaglandins participate continuously of renal mechanism of water, sodium and potassium homeostasis and act in the mechanism that increases glomerular filtration after load protein. On the other hand, angiotensin II (AII) may be responsible for the maintenance of GFR when the increase of filtration is not required (basal). If the dog presents increase in GFR after protein ingestion and this event remains partially restricted with the inhibition of AII formation, the increase in renin release may promote a non-physiological diminution of GFR. Thus, there are indicatives that the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and the prostaglandins act in a counterbalanced way to maintain the GFR and the preservation of these mechanisms are essential for renal homeostasis. / Doutor

The aim of this work is to map out the scale and quality of hippo therapeutic and therapy dog services in the Czech Republic, and to evaluate the level of education and professional courses and the level of professional exams needed to provide good quality animal-assisted therapy. Special attention was paid to the financial side of the services provided and to the start-up costs involved including the acquisition of the animals, their training, aids, food and veterinary care.

The advantages with breeding purebred dogs are that offspring will be more predictable when it comes to morphology, possible diseases, and mentality. This enables breeding more healthy animals since it makes it possible to track the health history, but it is also resulting in a higher inbreeding, extreme breeding standards and thus sicker animals. Labradoodle and Goldendoodle are two new mix-breeds, bred to be the ultimate companion dog with a good mentality and health. In this literature review their physical and mental health is compared with their parent breeds, Labrador, or Golden retriever, and Poodle. The breed-specific health problem that is seen with the parent breeds is also seen in labradoodle and goldendoodle. Hybrid vigour is not present in doodles. Mix-breeds live longer lives, but they also seem to be less stable with higher fear and aggression / Fördelarna med att avla renrasiga hundar är att människan enklare kan förutspå utseende, eventuella hälsoproblem och avkommans mentalitet. Detta ger en möjlighet till friskare hundar eftersom man kan spåra hundens hälsohistoria, men det leder också till en högre inavelsgrad, extrema rasstandarder och på så vis risk för sjukare hundar. Labradoodle och goldendoodle är två nya blandraser, designerraser, avlade för att bli den ultimata sällskapshunden med en god hälsa och mentalitet. Här jämförs deras fysiska och mentala hälsa med deras föräldraraser, labrador eller golden retriever, och pudel, i en litteraturstudie. De rasbundna sjukdomarna man ser hos föräldraraserna ses också hos labradoodle och goldendoodle. Heterosiseffekten kan inte ses hos doodles. Blandraser lever generellt längre liv, men de verkar också vara mindre stabila med högre rädsla och aggressivitet.

The work is focused on the issue of relations between people and their dogs in a selected group. Its aim is to present what relationships are created between people and their dogs and if there are such cases when the relationship that has been developed with a dog, replaces, complements or simulates to its owner any of interpersonal relationships. And finally, how such relationships look like and for what reasons can be formed. The work consists of a theoretical part, which includes a chapter summarizing the current state of knowledge of the subject, thus representing the relevant literature and authors who have worked on and written about the same or similar field already. In addition, the chapter briefly describes the history of men and dogs union, moment of their connection and the development of relationships and roles. The work also contains a research part, an empirical survey. The research approach is a qualitative survey, mainly driven by scenarios interviews and observations. Every step taken in research and subsequent analysis are based on the methodological literature. Key words: Dog in society, the family dog, human-animal relationships, pets

Human consumption of dog meat in South Korea has been a topic of international scrutiny since the 1980s. This paper presents the findings of a research into how Korean and international animal welfare organizations design and implement initiatives that aim to bring an end to the dog meat trade, increase civic engagement and affect social change. Fourteen animal welfare organizations’ strategies and activities were analyzed complemented by qualitative interviews with animal welfare professionals. Results were informed by the school of thought of advocacy, participatory versus diffusion approaches, social change, and civic engagement; elements often found in Communication for Development. Given the complexities inherent in measuring social change, this is largely an explorative study. Furthermore, literature on animal welfare in the field of Communication for Development is scarce; this research attempts to bridge this gap. This research finds that Korean and international animal welfare organizations have employed a multitude of different strategies and engagement of civil society to mobilize social change and bring an end to the dog meat trade in South Korea. Yet as advocates for a specific cause there are limitations in conducting fully participatory based models. Nevertheless, these efforts contribute to a holistic approach that reaches different stakeholder groups, each with unique needs and motivations, for a greater impact than the sum of each organization’s efforts on its own.

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