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Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, 2010. / Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-24T14:53:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao rozele borges nunes.pdf: 1401229 bytes, checksum: 2c0ef2d541e53e3406f430c3506ffa71 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-03T22:23:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao rozele borges nunes.pdf: 1401229 bytes, checksum: 2c0ef2d541e53e3406f430c3506ffa71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-03T22:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao rozele borges nunes.pdf: 1401229 bytes, checksum: 2c0ef2d541e53e3406f430c3506ffa71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A pesquisa se propôs a investigar as relações entre escola e cultura no município de Dom Feliciano. A problemática centra-se em responder como a escola pública de Dom Feliciano, com ênfase na disciplina de Geografia, trabalha com a diversidade cultural dos alunos. Para isso teve na Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Dom Feliciano seu contexto investigativo, por constituir um espaço que abriga alunos oriundos de todas as localidades do município. Dessa forma foi possível caracterizar a diversidade cultural dos alunos, através de sua representatividade, manifestada na religião, linguagem, etnia e hábitos culturais, abordando também a sua origem, no caso, rural ou urbano. O direcionamento da pesquisa enfocou-se em analisar como acontece na escola a interação com os hábitos de culturas diferentes, verificando se existem preconceitos e discriminações. A revisão bibliográfica embasou-se em problematizar como ocorre a consolidação da ideologia dominante na sociedade e a contribuição da escola para dar sequência a essa padronização, vinculada às relações de poder estabelecidas sobre a cultura. Através de um olhar crítico procurou identificar o conceito de cultura, de multiculturalidade e de diversidade cultural, embasado na perspectiva freireana que procurou explanar as categorias analíticas que fizeram parte da investigação da realidade dos alunos no cotidiano escolar, como opressão e invasão cultural. Utilizou-se de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa e quantitativa e dos seguintes procedimentos para a coleta de dados: análise documental, entrevistas semi-estruturada com a professora e direção, entrevistas estruturadas com os alunos e num segundo momento uma nova pesquisa com os casos mais representativos que participaram da primeira parte das entrevistas, onde foram aplicadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e questionário sócio-econômico com os alunos. Ao final são informados os resultados da investigação onde se verificou a dicotomia existente entre a teoria e a prática nas aulas de Geografia, o campo de preconceitos e discriminações que se gerem no ambiente escolar e o total ocultamento à cultura rural na qual os alunos deram fortes indícios de opressão e invasão escolar. Como consequência desse processo foi identificada também evasão escolar dos alunos provenientes da zona rural. Dessa forma, a cultura está dissociada da escola que não utiliza a diversidade existente como objeto para desenvolver uma perspectiva de educação multicultural. / The research proposed to investigate the relations between school and culture in Dom Feliciano. The issue focuses on answering how Dom Feliciano’s public school, with emphasis in Geography, works with the cultural diversity of the students. For this, its investigative context happened in the State Primary and Secondary School Dom Feliciano because it is a space formed by students from every localities of the county. This way it was possible to characterize the cultural diversity of the students, through its representativeness, shown in religion, language, ethnicity and cultural habits, approaching also its origin, in this case rural or urban. The research direction focused on analyzing how the interaction with different cultural habits occurs, verifying if there is prejudice and discrimination. The bibliography review was based upon understanding how the consolidation of the dominant ideology in society occurs and the school contribution to continue this standardization, linked to power relations established over culture. Through a critical view this researched made an attempt to identify the concept of culture, multiculturality and cultural diversity, based on the freireana perspective which tried to explain the analytical categories that was part of the students’ reality in everyday school life, such as oppression and cultural invasion. A qualitative and a quantitative methodological approaches were used and the following procedures to data collection: documentary analysis, semi-structured interview with the teacher and the school management, structured interview with the students and in a second time a new research with the most representative cases that were part of the first interviews, in which semi-structured interview and socio-economic questionnaire were applied with the students. In the end the investigation results are informed in which an alive dichotomy between the theory and the practice was verified in Geography classes, the prejudice and discrimination field created in school environment and the total concealment to rural culture in which the students shown strong evidence of oppression and school invasion. As consequence of this process a school evasion was also identified from students who originate from countryside. This way, the culture is dissociated from school which does not use the existent diversity as an object to develop a perspective of multicultural education.

Este trabalho propõe-se a apresentar uma análise discursiva dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo, durante a eleição presidencial de 2006, para verificar como esses meios de comunicação construíram o seu jogo discursivo nesse período. Para isso, foram analisadas 50 capas do O Globo e 80 da Folha de S. Paulo, de agosto a outubro. Porém, foram separadas 10 edições de cada impresso de forma aleatória devido à quantidade excessiva dos periódicos. A escolha desses jornais ocorreu pelo fato de serem considerados os mais vendidos do país e por pertencerem aos estados de maior influência nacional: Rio e São Paulo. A análise foi feita nas primeiras páginas, pois são vistas não só por leitores dessas mídias, mas por várias pessoas que passam pelas bancas diariamente. Esta pesquisa se fundamenta, principalmente, na teoria da ADF (Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa), pois esclarece como ocorre o funcionamento dos veículos de comunicação. É, também, a partir da história da imprensa, dos jornais O Globo e Folha, que é possível compreender a relação desses veículos com a verdade, como esses a produzem. Os jornais, aparelhos ideológicos de Estado, divulgam a verdade construída, permitida, por uma classe sempre dominante. Os resultados comprovaram que os dois impressos construíram um discurso para beneficiar determinado candidato e prejudicar outro. Para isso, mascararam os aspectos negativos de um e evidenciaram os do oponente. / This work intend to show a discursive analysis of Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo, in the course of presidential election of 2006, to verify how these media built a discursive game in this time. Then 50 cape of Globo and 80 of Folha de S. Paulo was analyzed, between august and October. However, 10 editions were a random separated. The choice of these newspapers is because of these presses are considerate the most sold of Brasil and belong of the bigger importance states of nation: Rio and S. Paulo. This analysis was made in the first page of newspapers, because it can be seen only not its readers, any kind of people that goes to the newsstand everyday. This research use ADF tool (French line of Discourse Analysis), because it can explain how can be performance of these media. Trough press history could be possible understand better the relationship between media and truth, how these presses build this. The newspapers, ideological instrument of State, propagate the built truth, allowed, for always dominant class. The resulted showed that these newspapers built a discourse to benefit a candidate and prejudice the other. Then, these media masked negative aspects about one and evidenced these of opponent concurrent.

Ce travail a porté principalement sur le développement et l'étude de méthodes numériques de type éléments finis multi-échelles pour un problème d'advection diffusion multi-échelles dominé par l'advection. Deux types d'approches sont envisagées: prendre en compte l'advection dans la construction de l'espace d'approximation, ou appliquer une méthode de stabilisation. On commence par l'étude d'un problème d'advection diffusion, dominé par l'advection, dans un milieu hétérogène. On poursuit sur des problèmes d'advection-diffusion, sous le régime où l'advection domine, posés dans un domaine perforé. On se focalise ici sur la condition aux bords de type Crouzeix Raviart pour la construction des éléments finis multi-échelles. On considère deux situations différentes selon la condition prescrite au bord des perforations: la condition de Dirichlet homogène ou la condition de Neumann homogène. Cette étude repose sur une hypothèse de coercivité.Pour finir, on se place dans un cadre général où l'opérateur d'advection-diffusion est non coercif, possiblement dominé par l'advection. On propose une approche éléments finis basée sur une mesure invariante associée à l'opérateur adjoint. Cette approche est bien posée inconditionnellement en la taille du maillage. On la compare numériquement à une méthode standard de stabilisation / This work essentially deals with the development and the study of multiscale finite element methods for multiscale advection-diffusion problems in the advection-dominated regime. Two types of approaches are investigated: Take into account the advection in the construction of the approximation space, or apply a stabilization method. We begin with advection-dominated advection-diffusion problems in heterogeneous media. We carry on with advection-dominated advection-diffusion problems posed in perforated domains.Here, we focus on the Crouzeix-Raviart type boundary condition for the construction of the multiscale finite elements. We consider two different situations depending on the condition prescribed on the boundary of the perforations: the homogeneous Dirichlet condition or the homogeneous Neumann condition. This study relies on a coercivity assumption.Lastly, we consider a general framework where the advection-diffusion operator is not coercive, possibly in the advection-dominated regime. We propose a Finite Element approach based on the use of an invariant measure associated to the adjoint operator. This approach is unconditionally well-posed in the mesh size. We compare it numerically to a standard stabilization method

PCSK9 est un régulateur clé du métabolisme du cholestérol par le foie à travers la dégradation lysosomiale du récepteur aux LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Alors que les mutations gain de fonction (GOF) de PCSK9 induisent une hypercholestérolémie autosomique dominante, les mutations pertes de fonctions (LOF) entraînent un taux spontanément bas de LDL-cholestérol, ainsi qu’un protection cardiovasculaire. Du fait des limitations inhérentes aux modèles d’études, tels que les lignées cellulaires transfectées ou des animaux transgéniques, les fonctions de PCSK9 restent encore mal connues. Ainsi, nous avons utiliser des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (hiPSC) spécifiques de patients pour les différencier en hépatocytes et modéliser la physiopathologie liée aux mutations de PCSK9 GOF-S127R et LOF-R104C/V114A. Nous avons démontré que les hépatocytes obtenus récapitulaient la physiopathologie liés aux mutations de PCSK9. De plus, les cellules portant la mutation S127R ont montré une importante réponse au traitement par les statines, qui est corrélée à la réponse clinique des patients portant cette même mutation. Enfin, notre étude nous a permis de mettre à jour une fonction inattendue de PCSK9 dans les hiPSC et pendant leur différenciation. Elle montre que PCSK9 affecterait la prolifération des hiPSC ainsi qu’une voie de signalisation clé du développement régulée par NODAL. Cette régulation se ferait à travers une interaction directe entre PCSK9 et DACT2, un régulateur intracellulaire de la voie de signalisation de NODAL. En conclusion, les hiPSC s’avèrent être un modèle cellulaire translationnel pertinent pour mettre à jour de nouvelles fonctions hépatiques de PCSK9. / PCSK9 has been identified as a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism by the liver through inducing lysosomal degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). While PCSK9 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations induced autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and increased cardiovascular risk, loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are associated with low LDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular protection. Due to limitations inherent to current models including animal and human cells lines transfected with DNA constructs or transgenic animal models, PCSK9 functions are not fully understood. Therefore, we took advantage of patient related somatic cells reprogramming intoinduced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to generate hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) and model the pathophysiology of PCSK9 mutations in dyslipidemia through focusing on two intracellular mutation forms; GOF (S127R) and LOF (R104C/V114A). We showed that HLC could recapitulate the key pathophysiological features of PCSK9 mutations. Moreover, HLC with the S127R mutation displayed an increased uptake of LDL upon statin treatment, which was correlated with the original patient clinical response. In parallel, this model enabled us to unravel a new unexpected role of PCSK9 in hiPSC and during differentiation. PCSK9 was found to affect the proliferation of hiPSC and regulate a key developmental signaling pathway mediated by NODAL. This regulation might occur by a direct interaction between PCSK9 and DACT2, an intracellular attenuator of NODAL signaling pathway. In conclusion, hiPSC provide a pertinent translational model to decipher PCSK9 hepatic functions and a novel cellular environment to highlight new functions.