Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo investigar os fluxos de materiais e informaÃÃes entre os atores da cadeia de suprimento de portas prontas de madeira. Apesar de a literatura nacional apresentar estudos sobre o mapeamento de cadeias de suprimento na construÃÃo civil, poucos estudos abordam o tema para cadeias de suprimento localizadas na regiÃo Nordeste do paÃs. Essa cadeia de suprimento foi selecionada inicialmente com base em pesquisas realizadas pelo Grupo de Pesquisa e Assessoria em Gerenciamento na ConstruÃÃo Civil (GERCON) em que as esquadrias de madeira de empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social foram apontadas como um produto problemÃtico. Partindo dessas pesquisas e buscando entender e solucionar os problemas por elas encontrados, esta dissertaÃÃo tem como foco a cadeia de suprimento de portas prontas de madeira que se apresentam como uma alternativa Ãs portas convencionais montadas na obra. As portas prontas de madeira tÃm todos os seus componentes prÃ-montados pelo fornecedor, o que teoricamente reduz a quantidade de atividades realizadas no canteiro de obras e, consequentemente, o tempo de instalaÃÃo das mesmas. Foram conduzidos estudos de casos em um empreendimento residencial e em um empreendimento comercial que adotavam o sistema de portas prontas. Mapas de fluxo de valor foram elaborados com base na observaÃÃo direta do processo de fabricaÃÃo e instalaÃÃo das esquadrias (visitas a fÃbrica da madeireira e ao canteiro de obras), registro fotogrÃfico e entrevistas com os diversos profissionais das empresas que fazem parte desta cadeia. EvidÃncias sugerem que as vantagens dos elementos prÃ-fabricados foram perdidas devido à falta de integraÃÃo entre os empreiteiros e fornecedores. A falta de troca de informaÃÃes entre os dois lados impediu uma utilizaÃÃo mais eficiente dos elementos prÃ-fabricados e a falta de padronizaÃÃo da espessura das paredes de alvenaria e tolerÃncias resultou em uma sÃrie de soluÃÃes de qualidade inferior durante a fase de instalaÃÃo. / This masterâs thesis investigated the flows of material and information among participants of the supply chain of pre-fabricated wooden doors. The Brazilian literature on the topic presents different studies on supply chain mapping, however, few of them discuss issues related to supply chains on the countryâs Northeastern region. The supply chain investigated was choosen based on previous research projects carried out by the Grupo de Pesquisa e Assessoria em Gerenciamento na ConstruÃÃo Civil (GERCON), a construction management research group at the Federal University of CearÃ, Brazil. Previous studies carried out by GERCON researchers, on low-income housing projects, had revealed numerous problems related to wooden doors and windows. Using the results of previous studies as a starting point, this thesis studied the pre-fabricated wooden doors and their supply chain which have all of its components pre-assembled by the supplier. The use of pre-fabricated wooden doors would theoretically reduce the number of activities performed at the construction site, and would result in a shorter installation time. The two-phase research comprised a preliminary study and two in-depth case studies about pre-fabricated wooden doors. The author carried out the case studies in two high rising buildings (one residential and one commercial) in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in order to investigate the supply chain of pre-fabricated wooden doors. Value stream maps were developed based on direct observation of the processes involved to fabricate and install the product at the supplierâs plant and the construction site respectively, photos, and interviews with different professionals at the plant and at the site. Wooden doors presented problems related to the installation and final product quality regardless of the type of project. Some advantages of prefabricated elements were lost due lack of trust between contractors and suppliers, lack of consideration of preconditions necessary for successful site installation, and lack of standardization and tolerance management resulted in suboptimal solutions during the installation phase. Special attention should be paid to the interfaces between the prefabricated element and the other parts of the project, current means and methods should be revisited if the project is to fully take advantage of prefabrication. The lack of open communication and low levels of trust amongst the supply chain actors result in enormous amounts of waste (e.g., rework, wasted time, unnecessary handling, unnecessary use of resources) and diminished value to the client.

This dissertation offers a wide-ranging examination of the half-length sacred figure over the door in medieval and early Renaissance Italian art. Drawing on a wealth of visual material that has attracted little attention among scholars, it argues that such images played a vital role in the religious lives of their beholders, transforming doorways into sites of devotional experience both within and beyond the church. Depicted incompletely, the holy body joined with the threshold below it to form a synthetic, composite image, one that invited the imaginative and corporeal participation of the viewer. This project employs various lenses to interpret the meaning and function of works about which scant written documentation comes down to us. In addition to considering scriptural metaphor and exegetical thought regarding the significance of doors, it explores the relationship of overdoor frescoes, mosaics, and reliefs to sacred icon panels, suggesting that the former might be recognized as wall icons, possessive of a heightened devotional appeal. It also uses overdoor images to illuminate broader spiritual and artistic concerns, including the nature of passage to the Christian afterlife, and the interaction between picture and frame, a topic central to Renaissance illusionism. Serving as an introduction to an important yet overlooked aspect of Italian visual culture, this text provides a conceptual framework for understanding a vast corpus of images that were essential to everyday piety, and that inflect our view of familiar art historical narratives.

Thirty-six mature purebred cheviot ewes and 36 polypaysired wether lambs were used in two separate experiments to determine the usefulness of an electronic feeding door as contrasted with traditional feeding situations. The sheep were stratified by weight into three management categories; group housing and feeding (G+G), individual housing and feeding (1+1), or group housing and individual feeding (G+1) using an electronic feeding door. The weight stratification formed a light and a heavy weight class resulting in a 3x2 factorial design. Two different training procedures were used to arrive at a generalized 14-day training sequence that does not require physical handling of the sheep. No differences were observed in learning behavior with older ewes or with sufficiently large lambs. During a 56 day immediate pre-slaughter feeding period for the lambs, average daily gain was .23 kg, average daily feed consumption was 2.12 kg, feed efficiency was 9.08, carcass dressing percent was 43.6, yield grade was 3.3, and all but three lambs graded USDA Choice. Management category had no significant effect on these performance measures, with the exception that (G+1) lambs consumed more (P<.05) feed (2.20 kg) than (1+1) lambs (2.05 kg). However, this consumption difference was not correlated to weight gain or feed efficiency. Weight class (light vs. heavy) had no effect on the changes that occurred during the trial although significant differences existed in regards to the magnitude of the actual body weights and condition scores. Heavy weight class lambs remained consistently heavier than light lambs throughout the trial. A significant effect of week was observed over the last eight weeks on both weight gain and feed consumption. Shearing during week one and a change in caretaker during weeks four and five were possible explanations for the observed differences due to time.

No description available.

No description available.

A Biedermeier Cabin was designed with attention to detail and stylistic simplicity in mind. This cabin, located along the banks of the Shenandoah River, is mainly used during the Summer months. The cabinâ s folding doors open up completely for the Summer months to let the breezes flow through. During the Winter months, when the cabin is not in use, all the windows and doors are folded or slid closed to protect the cabin from harsh weather. This seasonal transformation was a main focus in designing the cabin. The appearance of floating was also incorporated within the design. The intent was for the structure to protrude out of the earth and have a â floatingâ deck that cantilevers above the treetops overlooking the river. The roof folds around the structure, providing a feeling of privacy and intimacy. The roofâ s slope opens up toward the river, the intended primary vista. / Master of Architecture

This project investigates an idea of adoptable space as opposed to adaptable space of generic flexibility. An Experimental Performing Arts Center on a site in Downtown Chattanooga is used as a vehicle to define the nature of space, which offers itself for an architectural adoption. Simple elements like platforms, walls, doors, windows and curtains are interpreted in a new way and can be used experimentally to let a theater play happen. / Master of Architecture

This dissertation explores the concept of shi manifested in traditional Chinese architecture by examining the efficacy of the traditional Chinese house doors. Three connotations of the concept of shi derived from different philosophical schools of thought during the Warring States Period: the advantageous shi, the authoritative shi and the self-so-doing shi, are re-engaged as the theoretical framework for this study. The three categories of shi correspondingly shed light on the understanding of the craftiness in architectural constructions, the embodied cultural meanings in building elements and the aesthetics achieved by the artful arrangement of building elements. This study also further reveals the essential nature of shi as weak and amorphous in parallel with the weak ontology proposed by Gianni Vattimo. It is this weak and amorphous nature of shi that results in the complexity, diversity and richness of traditional Chinese house doors. This new perspective of examining architecture through the lens of shi also provides a way for looking at the future development of Chinese architecture beyond the limitations of internationalism yet within the realm of a critical local modernity. / Ph. D.

Denna uppsats går igenom skapandet av ett konstruktionsförslag av en postlåda för montage på säkerhetsdörrar. Projektet genomfördes i samarbete med ett företag som tillverkar säkerhetsdörrar i stål. Syftet med arbetet har varit att på uppdrag av företaget utarbeta ett designförslag för en postlåda med ett flertal nya funktioner samt med en innovativ estetisk formgivning. Designen får inte kompromissa med gällande säkerhetskrav samt bör inkludera en bredare målgrupp. Enligt Frenchs modell har en metod använts där användarstudier, tester och fokusgrupper gett viktig information. Designprinciperna inclusive design, pleasure design och gamification har varit ledstjärnor i designprocessen. En funktionsanalys gjordes på en vanlig postlåda som visade vilka funktioner som kan förbättras. Denna analys utgjorde grunden för den efterföljande konceptgenereringsfasen där olika designalternativ utforskades. Konceptgenereringen utmynnade i postlådan Droppen, där redan existerande funktioner har vidareutvecklats. Droppen-konceptet utmanar genom att exempelvis introducera LED-lampor som kommunicerar med användaren samt har ett tidningsställ, som är starkt nog att kunna bära tunga matkassar. Den har också en mjuk droppform som tilltalar många och som gör det lätt att ta upp posten. Postlådan är gjord i zinklegerat stål, vilket gör den tung men hållbar. Möjligheten till individuell anpassning av produkten ökar kundvärdet samt minskar indirekt dess miljöpåverkan / This thesis is about the process of creating a design proposal of a letterbox for mounting on security doors. The project was developed in cooperation with a manufacturer of security doors made of steel. The purpose of this work has been to develop a concept for a mailbox with several new functions and an innovative aesthetic design, at the request of the company. This new design has to be in line with existing security demands and should also include a wide group of users. According to French’s model, a method has been used where user studies, tests and focus groups provides essential information. The three design principles inclusive design, pleasure design and gamification has been the guiding star throughout the process. A function diagram was used on a regular letterbox to find functions with potential for improvements. The focus of the concept development was based on the findings from this diagram. The concept generation resulted in the letter box Droppen, containing innovative functions that have been developed from the existing ones. This letterbox is challenging by expanding old functionalities such as LED lamps as a mean of communication or using the magazine holder as a form of unloading zone. The distinguished and soft form of a drop is a design that appeals to many people and at the same time makes it easy to pick up the mail. The box is made from zinc alloyed steel, which makes it heavy but durable. The many options for individual design not only increase the customer value but also indirectly reduce the impact on the environment.

<p>Bolivia, as the poorest country in South America, can gain a lot from international trade. It is an important factor for a country to build prosperity and gain economic growth and thereby reach a higher standard of living. But for a company to succeed in the international market is a demanding task. Both internal and external factors that influence a company’s competence need to be taken into consideration. This Master Thesis deals with two Bolivian wooden door producers’ possibilities to export to the Swedish market.</p><p>The demand of tropical wood products is expected to increase and the Bolivian wood industry has been identified as an export industry of the future. Another thing in favor for the Bolivian export is the fact that the country is number one in the world when it comes to sustainable management of forest resources. This gives the companies the possibility to offer an environmentally friendly and unique product and thereby create competitive advantages. There are though areas that need improvement. One of the most important improvement areas for both of the companies is marketing and understanding what the customers needs. They need to keep the costumer in focus in all of their activities and learn how to promote their products advantages.</p><p>The facts that both the studied companies have earlier experience in export and a high level of motivation support the possibility to succeed in this matter. But, these factors are not enough for the studied companies to succeed in export. The result of this study also shows that the instable situation in the country results in financial problems and lack of trust. Therefore the companies must focus on building trust to attract new customers and</p><p>investors. This should be done by keeping an even level of quality, fulfilling promises and finding ways to reduce the risk for potential investors.</p><p>The trend towards more individual and exclusive doors in the Swedish market results in the recommendation to focus on offering a niche product in the middle-price segment. It is also recommended for the Bolivian companies to use some kind of representative to reach the market. A good alternative is to work as a supplier to a door producing partner and help them widen their assortment and in turn get someone present in the market that can work close to the customers.</p>