O crack é a substância ilícita que mais leva à busca por tratamento para uso de substâncias no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os usuários frequentemente relatam dificuldades nos seus relacionamentos interpessoais, no entanto ter relacionamentos saudáveis é crucial para o processo de recuperação. As evidências até agora demonstram que além do uso de substâncias psicoativas, outros fatores da vida do sujeito, como características sociodemográficas, dificuldades emocionais, comportamentais e sociais podem se tornar barreiras para o resgate e cultivo de relacionamentos saudáveis. Sendo assim, a presente dissertação teve por objetivo investigar a associação entre severidade dos problemas no funcionamento interpessoal dos usuários de crack e fatores de risco associados, tais como características sociodemográficas, fatores relacionados ao uso de substâncias do paciente, de seus parceiros, familiares e amigos e comorbidades psiquiátricas. Este foi um estudo transversal multicêntrico, com a participação de homens e mulheres (N=407), em tratamento para problemas por uso de crack, na rede de saúde pública de seis capitais brasileiras. A magnitude de associação entre o desfecho (T-score: problemas na área Família/Social) e os fatores em estudo (características sociodemográficas, comorbidades psiquiátricas, exposição a eventos estressores na vida, uso recente de substâncias psicoativas, dados sobre o consumo de substâncias pelos usuários, seu parceiro, familiares adultos e amigos e envolvimento com atividades ilícitas) foi avaliada através da razão de prevalência (RP), estimada pela regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Ter diagnóstico de abuso de álcool, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, transtorno da personalidade antissocial, episódio depressivo atual e o número de dias consumindo crack no último mês estava significativamente associado com maior severidade nos problemas na área Família/Social. Os achados deste estudo demonstram uma relação entre maior frequência de uso de crack e co-morbidades psiquiátricas com ter mais problemas nos relacionamentos com parceiros, familiares e amigos. Sendo a reinserção social, uma conquista fundamental para a recuperação, nossos achados apontam que, além do uso de crack em si, outros elementos podem representar barreiras para o bom funcionamento social destas pessoas. Estes resultados advogam em favor do desenvolvimento de intervenções psicossociais que foquem na melhora do funcionamento interpessoal de usuários de crack e a inclusão de familiares e amigos nas abordagens terapêuticas. Além disso, sugere-se o oferecimento de tratamento concomitante para as comorbidades psiquiátricas. / Crack-cocaine is the illicit psychoactive substance that most leads to substance use treatment seeking in the Unified Health System (SUS). Users frequently report difficulties in interpersonal relationships, yet having healthy relationships is crucial to the process of recovery. Evidence so far demonstrate that in addition to psychoactive substance use, other factors in the user’s life, such as sociodemographic characteristics, emotional, behavioral, and social problems, may become barriers to the rescue and cultivation of healthy relationships. Thus, the present dissertation aimed to investigate the association between severity of problems in interpersonal functioning of crack-cocaine users and related risk factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, consumption of psychoactive substances by users, partners, adult relatives and friends, and psychiatric comorbidities. This was a multicenter cross-sectional study, involving men and women (N = 407), undergoing treatment for their crack-cocaine use in public health facilities of six Brazilian capitals. The magnitude of association between the outcome (T-score: problems in the Family/Social area) and factors under study (sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, exposure to lifetime stressful events, data regarding the use of psychoactive substances by users, their partner, adult relatives and friends and engagement in illicit activities) was evaluated by the prevalence ratio (PR), estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance. Having a comorbid diagnosis of alcohol abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder, current depressive episode and the number of days of crack use in the last month was significantly associated with greater severity in the problems in the Family/Social area. These findings demonstrate a relationship between higher frequency of use of crack cocaine and psychiatric comorbidities with more problems in relationships with partners, family and friends. Since social reintegration is a fundamental achievement for recovery, our findings indicate that, besides the use of crack itself, other elements may represent barriers to the social functioning of these people. These results support development of psychosocial interventions that focus in the improvement of interpersonal relationships of crack cocaine users and the inclusion of family and friends in the treatment. In addition, it is suggested that interventions should target concomitant treatment for psychiatric comorbidities.

Autofagia é o processo catabólico que ocorre nos lisossomos, e tem por finalidade degradar os componentes celulares e proteínas que já não são mais funcionantes e, assim manter seu equilíbrio homeostático para sobreviverem adequadamente em condições estressantes. Diante das funções biológicas da autofagia identificadas até hoje, a relação entre autofagia celular e neoplasias está provavelmente entre as mais estudadas, devido ao papel duplo que a autofagia exerce sobre o desenvolvimento do câncer, podendo atuar como um mecanismo supressor de tumor ou, podendo ser um mecanismo fundamental para a sobrevivência de células neoplásicas. No entanto, em lesões potencialmente malignas não se sabe sobre o comportamento do processo autofágico. Dessa forma, nosso estudo se propôs a estudar o comportamento da autofagia em neoplasias e em lesões potencialmente malignas bucais e correlacionar com os parâmetros clínicos e a evolução dessas lesões. Para tal finalidade foi utilizado a técnica de imunoistoquímica para avaliar em amostras de mucosa normal, leucoplasias e carcinomas espinocelulares bucais, o percentual de células positivas para o marcador LC3-II. Foram avaliadas 7 amostras de mucosa bucal normal, 51 leucoplasias e 120 carcinomas espinocelulares. Para a análise de carcinomas espinocelulares foi construído um microarranjo tecidual com 2 cilindros de cada paciente. Observamos o aumento dos níveis de autofagia no carcinoma espinocelular bucal (p<0,001) em relação aos outro grupos, porém sem associação com a evolução e sobrevida desses pacientes. Entre as leucoplasias, observamos maior percentual de células positivas na camada intermediária de leucoplasias 12 displásicas (p=0,0319) e na camada basal de lesões com pior evoluação (p=0,0133). Concluimos que os níveis de autofagia aumentam durante o processo de carcinogênese bucal e estão correlacionados com o pior comportamento das leucoplasias. / Autophagy is a catabolic process to digest the cell components and proteins that are no functional anymore. Autophagy maintains the homeostasis in order to cells survive in stressful conditions. In view of the biological functions of autophagy identified to date, the relationship between cellular autophagy and neoplasia is probably among the most studied, due to the dual role that autophagy exerts on the development of cancer. Cell autophagy can act as a tumor suppressor mechanism, or as a key mechanism for the survival of neoplastic cells. However, it is not known in potentially malignant lesions how the autophagic process is controlled. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the autophagic process in oral cancer and potentially malignant oral lesions and to correlate with clinical parameters and the evolution of these lesions. For this purpose, the immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate the percentage of cells positive for the LC3-II marker in the normal mucosa, leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. Seven samples of normal buccal mucosa, 51 leukoplakia and 120 squamous cell carcinomas were evaluated. For the squamous cell carcinomas analysis, a tissue microarray with 2 cylinders of each patient was constructed. We observed increased levels of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (p <0.001) in relation to the other groups, however no association with the prognosis and survival of these patients was detected. Among the leukoplakias, we observed a higher percentage of positive cells in the intermediate layer of dysplastic leukoplakias (p = 0.0319) and in the basal layer of lesions with worse prognosis (p = 0.0133). We conclude that autophagy levels increase during the process of oral carcinogenesis and are correlated with the worse behavior of leukoplakia

ABSTRACT Addictive drugs are all around us and they have become a part of our lives. The issue of drug abuse is of critical importance, global, and difficult to solve. Typically, drugs are categorized as tolerated or not tolerated by society, and more or less risky. It is vital, therefore, to know the attitude of public to the issue. Lots of drug abuse causes have already been revealed, just like the reasons why some users develop addiction while others do not. In all probability the abuse of drugs or the addiction development cannot be put down to a single background factor. Everything will depend on personality traits of the individual, on his or her environmental conditions, and on specific effects of the drug. Since I take much interest in these issues, I have chosen for my thesis the subject of Public awareness of drug abuse issues in the District of České Budějovice. I investigated what people knew about drug abuse at the District where I live; their opinions of drug abuse; whether they believed that drug abuse deteriorated social position of an individual; whether they believed it boosted the rate of crime; if people were informed about facilities assisting recovery from drug addiction within the District of České Budějovice; and, last but not least, whether they suspected what drugs could come in their way here. The thesis aimed to examine what people knew about the drug abuse issues in the České Budějovice District. This objective has been met. Fifty three percent of respondents were found well informed on the subject, while the remaining 47% lacked the information. The survey was to prove or disprove hypothesis that the public was unaware of organizations providing help to drug addicts - the hypothesis was not confirmed since 51% of respondents were informed about the relevant organizations and 49% were not. Another hypothesis predicted that the public could not tell the illegal drugs from the legal ones - it was not confirmed as the public was found sufficiently informed. The hypotheses expecting the public to believe that drug abuse drives crime and deteriorates the addict's social position were confirmed by the bulk of respondents living in the District of České Budějovice. Ninety nine percent of the respondents believed the drug abuse pushed up the crime rate and 95% were of the opinion that it affected the addict's social position. As follows from the survey, the public in the České Budějovice District was relatively well informed of the drug abuse issues, though the differences encountered between awareness and unawareness of the subject were just minor. I intend to release the thesis as an information source for the general public(in the form of brochures, internet publications or periodicals); moreover, I want to offer the results to organizations engaged in the drug abuse treatment and to students of the University of South Bohemia to serve as training material. The public will find a wealth of important drug-related information in the paper, while the addiction treating organizations will be prompted to fill the gaps still existing in information available to the general public.

Counselling centres are facilities that provide services especially to problematic drug users. To achieve the highest possible effectiveness it is necessary to include also social surroundings (parents, partners or school) of the problematic drug user into the overall treatment. The fundamental prerequisite of existence of these centres is their accessibility without booking in advance and without waiting times for everyone who needs to deal with his or her emergency situation immediately. That is why these centres are called mentally and socially barrier-free, so called low-threshold facilities. I have chosen the qualitative method to conduct the research. As a technique for data gathering I selected secondary data analysis and semi-structured interviews with drug users who visit counselling centres. For the research I used data from annual reports from counselling centres in Písek and České Budějovice. The results of my research could be useful for workers in helping professions, for workers dealing with the issue of illegal drug abuse, to improve the effectiveness of services in the counselling centres or as groundwork for further research or training.

The objective of this thesis was the description of the work of the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague, its importance in the treatment drug addiction among children and adolescents. Another objective was to find out about the interrelationship of the work of regional coordinators for the prevention of risk behaviour and forms of follow-up therapy according to individual needs and nature of Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague. The research conducted in the period from January to March 2010. Mapping the variants of follow-up therapy of the clients using habit-forming drugs in different regions of the Czech Republic and the forms of prevention are other objectives. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the description of the establishment of the Hospital of Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo, in the premises of which the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre (CaADC) in Prague is located, as well as the description of the CaADC, and its medical and other personnel. The thesis describes the process of hospitalization, tests which preceded it and the necessary procedures to ensure successful completion of the hospitalization. Part of the theoretical block is dedicated to the care provided by a social worker, psychologist and therapists. Related legislation that forms the basis of prevention methods of individual regional drug coordinators and the centre itself is an integral part of the work. Prevention is a critical form of struggle against the abuse of psychotropic substances by children and adolescents. It is described in detail here, as well as the factors involved in the development of addiction. Other related terms only complement the mosaic of the studied issue. Within quantitative research, a content analysis of the data from the statistics of the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague was used to verify set hypotheses. The responses of regional drug coordinators to a set of open and semi-open questions, which were formulated for this purpose, were also used. Another source was the results of standardized interviews with three doctors at the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague. Hypotheses 1, 3 and 5 have not been confirmed. On the contrary, hypotheses 2 and 4 have been confirmed. The set objectives have been met. Unfortunately, our country still lacks a sufficient number of facilities that provide follow-up care of child drug addicts, as is clear from the research.

In recent years drugs have greatly influenced criminal activity, when drug addicted criminals after their sentence find themselves in prison. Programs of treatment of these persons are implemented in prison, which are directed at their correction, prevention of recurrence and re-integration into normal society. The main objective of this thesis is to map the specific services provided to drug addicted persons in prison in Vinařice. With regard to the set goal, I chose a qualitative research method when the technique of semi-structured interviews was used to collect the data. Respondents who participated in research were situated in the drug-free zone department of Prison in Vinařice. The research has shown that services provided to drug addicted persons are accepted positively by the respondents, they have their justification and they lead to successful re-socialization. The following hypotheses originated from the results of my paper: H 1: Illegal drugs are more obtainable in the environment of ordinary prison sentence, compared to separate drug-free zone. H 2: The specific services provided to drug addicts in the prison environment are accepted positively by the prisoners. H 3: Majority of convicted in the drug-free zone department committed crimes under influence of drugs, or to obtain funds for drugs. But the question remains, how people with drug addiction, namely the respondents who participated in research, will behave in society after their release from prison, when they have served their sentences. The stated facts could be used as a possible topic for further research.

O uso de crack por mulheres, principalmente durante a gestação, é considerado um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Diante dessa conjuntura, interessounos compreender como as práticas de saúde direcionadas às gestantes que usam crack são atravessadas por princípios e escolhas produzidos culturalmente. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar como a economia moral opera nas cenas de cuidado em relação à atenção a gestantes que fazem uso de crack. Utilizamos como operador conceitual central a noção de economia moral, do modo como foi desenvolvida por Didier Fassin. Esse conceito auxilia na compreensão dos valores e lógicas de legitimidade acionadas na relação de profissionais da saúde com as gestantes, que conformam os tratamentos direcionados às vidas. Tratase de uma pesquisa etnográfica desenvolvida em dois serviços de saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, que se propõem a atender gestantes que usam crack: um Consultório na Rua e uma Unidade de Internação Psiquiátrica em um Hospital Materno Infantil. O corpus analítico configurase a partir de observaçõesparticipantes no cotidiano dos serviços, relatos em diário de campo, análise de prontuários e de entrevistas com profissionais. Assim, percebemos que a economia moral opera, neste campo, sustentada, principalmente, nas concepções dos/as profissionais sobre maternidade e sobre drogas, construídas na interação entre as lógicas de modelos de atenção, valores compartilhados pelas equipes de saúde, formação profissional e experiências pessoais. A legitimidade conferida às vidas conforma práticas nos serviços direcionadas às gestantes, como as propostas terapêuticas, as escolhas reprodutivas, a avaliação das condições de maternidade e o maior ou menor investimento na relação da mulher com seu/sua filho/a. / The use of crack cocaine by women, especially pregnant women, is considered a public health issue in Brazil. Facing this conjuncture made us interested in understanding how health practices directed toward crack users who are pregnant are crossed with principles and choices that are culturally produced. This way, the main goal of this research is to analyze how the moral economy operates in relation to caretaking of pregnant women who use crack. As the central conceptual operator the notion of moral economy was used, as it was developed by Didier Fassin. This concept helps to understand the values and the logic of legitimacy triggered in the relationships of health professionals with the pregnant women who conform to the treatments directed towards life. This research dealt with an ethnographic research developed in two health service providers from the state of Rio Grande do Sul which propose to take in pregnant women who are crack users: one Clinic in the Street, and another psychiatric unit for hospitalization in a MaternalInfant Hospital. The analytical corpus was formed from participant observations of the daily services, accounts of field journals, analysis of health records and interviews with the professionals. With this, it was perceived that the moral economy operates in this field, supported especially in the conceptions of the professionals about maternity and drugs, built up on the interaction between the logic of the models caretaking, values shared by the health staff, professional background, and personal experiences. The legitimacy conferred to life is in conformity with the practices delivered in the services directed towards the pregnant women, such as the therapeutic proposals, reproductive choices, the evaluation of the conditions of maternity, and the more or less investment in the relationship of the women with her child.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-06-19T12:59:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Laisla Rangel Peixoto.pdf: 44106015 bytes, checksum: 6f7b9d5945cca437f89df4d89f4e9570 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-07-03T17:47:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Laisla Rangel Peixoto.pdf: 44106015 bytes, checksum: 6f7b9d5945cca437f89df4d89f4e9570 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T17:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Laisla Rangel Peixoto.pdf: 44106015 bytes, checksum: 6f7b9d5945cca437f89df4d89f4e9570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The palmadora, belonging to the family Cactaceae, is a plant popularly known as Palmatoria, Palma or Quipá. The T. palmadora is widely distributed in areas of the Caatinga of the Northeast region of Brazil, the tea of its root being popularly used in the treatment of problems in the urethra. The present study aimed to isolate chemical compounds from the extracts and phases obtained, perform the physicochemical characterization of the plant drug, as well as to investigate biological activities of the roots of the species T. palmadora. After harvesting, the roots were dried and crushed to obtain the vegetable drug. The physicochemical characterization of the plant drug was used to determine the granulometry, density, ash content, moisture content, pH, microstructure (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dispersive Energy (EDS)), Infrared Region Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The crude ethanol extract (EEB), the nebulized hydroalcoholic extract (EHAN), and the hexane and hexane phases (Hex), Dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2), Ethyl Acetate (AcOEt) and Ethanolol (EtOH) were obtained from the root of T.palmadora. In addition, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was performed. Isolation and identification of the chemical compounds were performed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, respectively. The toxicological activity against Artemia salina, Determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for bacteria and fungi, hemolytic tests and antioxidant activity, using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl), Total Antioxidant Activity (AAT) and the Ferric Thiocyanate method. The powder was classified as semi-thin, easy flow, low moisture content and average pH value of 5.58. The data obtained by qualitative phytochemical screening showed positive results for alkaloids and steroids / triterpenoids. TG analysis of the plant drug showed the occurrence of three stages of mass loss. The DTA analysis showed two endothermic and one exothermic events. The phytochemical study of T. palmadora roots resulted in the isolation of 4 compounds, an ester derived from caffeic acid, 5- hydroxy-4 ', 7-dimethoxyflavone, vanillic acid and ethyl palmitate. It was observed that the values of the Lethal Concentration (LC50) of the extracts showed little significant activity (LC50> 1000 μg.mL-1). The extracts AcOEt, EtOH and Hex showed antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. The EtOH extract showed the highest hemolytic activity. The antioxidant activity, as well as the capacity of sequestration of DPPH, the extract AcOEt obtained the best result, where in the concentration of 500 μg.mL-1 obtained an average of 76.44% and for the AAT, the extract AcOEt showed a better result, since the results were similar to the Quercetin standard. T.palmadora has been shown to be a promising species, due to the variety of isolated chemical compounds and important biological activities. Further chemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies should be done to promote knowledge about this plant. / Tacinga palmadora, pertencente à família Cactaceae, é uma planta conhecida popularmente como Palmatória, Palma ou Quipá. A T. palmadora é amplamente distribuída em áreas da Caatinga da região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo o chá de sua raiz utilizado popularmente no tratamento de problemas na uretra. O presente estudo teve por objetivo isolar compostos químicos dos extratos e fases obtidas, realizar a caracterização físico-química da droga vegetal, assim como investigar atividades biológicas das raizes da espécie T. palmadora. As raízes após coleta, passaram por processo de secagem e foram trituradas para a obtenção da droga vegetal. Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química da droga vegetal, para determinação da granulometria, densidade, teor de cinzas, teor de umidade, pH, microestrutura (Microscópia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Energia Dispersiva (EDS)), Espectroscopia na Região de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Análise termogravimétrica (TG) e Análise Térmica Diferencial (DTA). Foi obtido da raiz da T.palmadora o Extrato Etanólico Bruto (EEB), o Extrato Hidroalcólico Nebulizado (EHAN) e os extatos e fases Hexânico (Hex), Diclorometano (CH2Cl2), Acetato de Etila (AcOEt) e Etanolólico (EtOH). Além disso, realizou-se o Screening fitoquímico qualitativo e quantitativo. O isolamento e a identificação dos compostos químicos foram realizados por métodos cromatográficos e espectroscópicos respectivamente. Realizou-se também a atividade toxicológica frente à Artemia salina, Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) para bactérias e fungos, testes hemolíticos e atividade antioxidante, utilizando o método de Sequestro do radical DPPH (2,2 -difenil -1- picril –hidrazil), Atividade Antioxidante Total (AAT) e o método de Tiocianato Férrico. O pó foi classificado como semi-fino, de fácil escoamento, baixo teor de umidade e valor médio do pH de 5,58. Os dados obtidos pelo Screening fitoquímico qualitativo mostrou resultado positivo para alcaloides e esteroides/triterpenoides. A análise do TG da droga vegetal mostrou a ocorrência de três etapas de perda de massa. A análise da DTA mostrou dois eventos endotérmicos e um exotérmico. O estudo fitoquímico das raízes de T. palmadora resultou no isolamento de 4 compostos, um éster derivado do ácido caféico, a 5- hidroxi-4',7-dimetoxiflavona, o ácido vanílico e o palmitato de etila.Observou-se que os valores da Concentração Letal Média (CL50) dos extratos apresentaram atividade pouco significante (CL50> 1000 µg.mL^-1 ). Os extratos AcOEt, EtOH e Hex mostraram atividade antifúngica contra á C. albicans, C. krusei e C. tropicalis. O extrato EtOH foi a que apresentou melhor atividade hemolítica. A atividade antioxidante, quanto a capacidade de sequestro do DPPH, o extrato AcOEt obteve o melhor resultado, onde na concentração de 500 µg.mL^-1 obteve uma média de 76,44% e quanto a AAT, o extrato AcOEt mostrou um melhor resultado, visto que os resultados foram semelhantes ao padrão Quercetina. A T.palmadora demonstrou ser uma espécie promissora, pela variedade de compostos químicos isolados e por ter apresentado importantes atividades biológicas. Mais estudos químicos, farmacológicos e toxicológicos devem ser feitos a fim de promover o conhecimento acerca desta planta.

O escopo da presente pesquisa é mapear a controvérsia pública sobre o uso da ayahuasca no Brasil. Primeiramente, foco a literatura acadêmica e a forma como a história da ayahuasca é abordada ao longo de três décadas de debate. Em seguida, exploro um universo documental amplo que inclui produções acadêmicas, midiáticas, políticas públicas, documentos institucionais de entidades ayahuasqueiras e produções de integrantes dessas instituições para elaborar um mapeamento da controvérsia pública sobre a ayahuasca no Brasil e seus desdobramentos. Por fim, partindo de um trabalho etnográfico realizado no Centro Pronto Socorro Espiritual Raimundo Irineu Serra, problematizo as formas de apresentação, justificação das práticas e construção de legitimidade no espaço público de uma instituição que faz uso da ayahuasca. / The scope of this research is to map the public controversy concerning the use o ayahuasca. First, I focus on the academic literature and the ways which the history of ayahuasca is covered over three decades of debate. Then I explore a wide documental universe which includes academic productions, media, public policy, institutional documents of ayahuasca entities and productions of members of those institutions - to develop a map of the public controversy concerning ayahuasca in Brazil and its aftermath. Finally, based on an ethnographic study, conducted at Centro Pronto Socorro Espiritual Raimundo Irineu Serra, I analyze the forms of presentation, justification of practices and the construction of legitimacy in the public space of an institution that makes use of ayahuasca.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-21T11:47:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joabe Gomes de Melo.pdf: 684319 bytes, checksum: cc3b5dfd30a58d6614ad0cd1a29bc5cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T11:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joabe Gomes de Melo.pdf: 684319 bytes, checksum: cc3b5dfd30a58d6614ad0cd1a29bc5cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Almost all the world’s populations use medicinal plants, or their derivates, for the treatment of illnesses. In Brazil, these plants have been compounds of industrialized products that are commercialized in drugstores, natural product stores and supermarkets, under the designation of phytotherapic or vegetal drug. Considering that good quality is a requirement to ensure product’s efficacy and security, and that most of native medicinal plants commercialized in Brazil are acquired from wild populations, the present study aimed, in the first article, to evaluate the quality of medicinal plant-based products, and in the second article, to settle priorities for conservation to native medicinal plants with commercial value. It was made a survey of the medicinal plant-based products, coming from industries all over the country, commercialized in 54 commercial establishments from Recife-PE. In each establishment it was applied a standardized sheet with information about the product’s commercial name, plant composition, pharmaceutical form, therapeutic indications and the laboratory. The evaluation of 10 samples of horsechestnut, 11 of lemongrass and six of gotu kola was preceded based on the criteria established by Farmacopéia Brasileira and specific legislation; the priority for conservation, of the native medicinal plants, was given according to Importance Value Index (IVI), which is based on the Relative Importance (RI) and on the Sensitivity Index (SI). In the first work it was verified the absence of obligatory data in 92.59% of the samples, and a high impurity content in 59.26% of the analyzed products. In spite of this, all samples were considered authentic based on phytochemical and pharmacobotanical tests. It was verified that, besides the commercialized products lack adequate data andquality, there’s an urgent need of an effective supervision from the component organs. In the second work, it was registered 74 native species that are used in more than 300 types of products. Twelve species presented high versatility, of which 58.33% were trees. There is predominance of destructive collection (58.11%) and of taxa collected only from nature (86.49%). Intensive use of uniquely wild species and the destructive form collection are serious problems that threat and compromise this resource’s availability. / Praticamente todos os povos do mundo fazem uso de plantas medicinais, ou seus derivados, para o tratamento de doenças. No Brasil, essas plantas têm sido componentes de produtos industrializados que são comercializados em farmácias,casas de produtos naturais e supermercados, sob a designação de fitoterápico ou droga vegetal. Tendo em vista que a boa qualidade é um requisito para assegurar a eficácia e a segurança dos produtos, e que a maioria das plantas medicinais nativas comercializadas no Brasil são obtida de populações silvestres, o presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar a qualidade de produtos a base de espécies vegetais medicinais e estabelecer prioridades de conservação para as plantas medicinais nativas de valor comercial. Realizou-se um levantamento dos produtos à base de plantas medicinais, provenientes de indústrias de várias partes do país, comercializados em 54 estabelecimentos comerciais da cidade do Recife-PE. Em cada estabelecimento foi aplicada uma ficha padronizada com informações sobre o nome comercial do produto, a composição vegetal, a forma farmacêutica, as indicações terapêuticas e o laboratório. A avaliação de 10 amostras de castanha-daíndia, 11 de capim-santo e seis de centela foi realizada com base nos critérios estabelecidos pela Farmacopéia Brasileira e legislação específica; a prioridade para a conservação das plantas medicinais nativas foi dada de acordo com o Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI), que é baseado na Importância Relativa (IR) e no Índice de Sensibilidade (IS). No primeiro trabalho constatou-se a ausência das informações obrigatórias em 92,59% das amostras e um elevado teor de impurezas, em 59,26% dos produtos analisados. Apesar disso, todas as amostras foram consideradas autênticas com base nos testes fitoquímicos e farmacobotânicos. Constata-se que, além dos produtos comercializados carecerem de informações e qualidade adequadas, há necessidade urgente de uma fiscalização efetiva por parte dos órgãos competentes. No segundo trabalho, foi registrado um total de 74 espécies nativas usadas em mais de 300 tipos de produtos. Doze espécies apresentaram grande versatilidade, das quais 58,33% foram árvores. Há o predomínio da coleta destrutiva (58,11%) e de táxons coletados exclusivamente da natureza (86,49%). O uso intensivo de espécies unicamente silvestres e a coleta de forma destrutiva são problemas sérios que ameaçam e comprometem a disponibilidade desses recursos.