Objective: To understand the experiences of the dialysis decision-making process from the perspective of the significant other, specifically their role, influencing factors and the supportive interventions of the interprofessional team. Method: An interpretive description qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews and results were triangulated with decisional conflict and decisional regret quantitative results. Results: Ten participants described their role as advocating, providing a positive outlook, ‘being with’ the patient, learning together, sharing opinions, and communicating about values, preferences, feasibility of options. Environmental factors that influenced decision making included unexpected life change, choosing life, and personal health problems. Factors related to implementation of the treatment modality decision were unanticipated events, relationship changes, recreational travel changes, and the caregiver role. Nursing interventions are required to realign treatment expectations. Relevance: Significant others have an important role in supporting the patient making the dialysis decision and are often instrumental in implementing the decision.

Objective: To understand the experiences of the dialysis decision-making process from the perspective of the significant other, specifically their role, influencing factors and the supportive interventions of the interprofessional team. Method: An interpretive description qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews and results were triangulated with decisional conflict and decisional regret quantitative results. Results: Ten participants described their role as advocating, providing a positive outlook, ‘being with’ the patient, learning together, sharing opinions, and communicating about values, preferences, feasibility of options. Environmental factors that influenced decision making included unexpected life change, choosing life, and personal health problems. Factors related to implementation of the treatment modality decision were unanticipated events, relationship changes, recreational travel changes, and the caregiver role. Nursing interventions are required to realign treatment expectations. Relevance: Significant others have an important role in supporting the patient making the dialysis decision and are often instrumental in implementing the decision.

Objective: To understand the experiences of the dialysis decision-making process from the perspective of the significant other, specifically their role, influencing factors and the supportive interventions of the interprofessional team. Method: An interpretive description qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews and results were triangulated with decisional conflict and decisional regret quantitative results. Results: Ten participants described their role as advocating, providing a positive outlook, ‘being with’ the patient, learning together, sharing opinions, and communicating about values, preferences, feasibility of options. Environmental factors that influenced decision making included unexpected life change, choosing life, and personal health problems. Factors related to implementation of the treatment modality decision were unanticipated events, relationship changes, recreational travel changes, and the caregiver role. Nursing interventions are required to realign treatment expectations. Relevance: Significant others have an important role in supporting the patient making the dialysis decision and are often instrumental in implementing the decision.

Objective: To understand the experiences of the dialysis decision-making process from the perspective of the significant other, specifically their role, influencing factors and the supportive interventions of the interprofessional team. Method: An interpretive description qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews and results were triangulated with decisional conflict and decisional regret quantitative results. Results: Ten participants described their role as advocating, providing a positive outlook, ‘being with’ the patient, learning together, sharing opinions, and communicating about values, preferences, feasibility of options. Environmental factors that influenced decision making included unexpected life change, choosing life, and personal health problems. Factors related to implementation of the treatment modality decision were unanticipated events, relationship changes, recreational travel changes, and the caregiver role. Nursing interventions are required to realign treatment expectations. Relevance: Significant others have an important role in supporting the patient making the dialysis decision and are often instrumental in implementing the decision.

Στην παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρώ να εξετάσω τη μετανάστευση στην Ελλάδα σε σχέση με τα θέματα της ταυτότητας και της ετερότητας. Με βάση την αντίληψη ότι η ταυτότητα δεν είναι μια στατική και αναλλοίωτη κατασκευή ούτε ένα σταθερό σύστημα ιδιοτήτων, αλλά ένα πολύπλοκο και διαρκώς μεταβαλλόμενο, ανταποκρινόμενο στα διάφορα ερεθίσματα σύστημα μεταβλητών, εξετάζω την πρόσληψη του μετανάστη στη χώρα υποδοχής ως μια από τις πολλαπλές μορφές που μπορεί να πάρει η πρόσληψη της ετερότητας. Ξεκινώ λοιπόν από την αρχή ότι ο ξένος είναι «έτερος» και ως τέτοιος θα μελετηθεί εδώ. Λαμβάνω, ωστόσο, υπόψη και άλλες προσεγγίσεις του φαινομένου της μετανάστευσης και του ίδιου του μετανάστη με τις οποίες έχουν ήδη ασχοληθεί η κοινωνιολογία, η ανθρωπολογία, οι πολιτικές και οι οικονομικές επιστήμες. Στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας αυτής επιχειρείται η παρουσίαση των κυριότερων θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων του θέματος, ώστε να δημιουργηθεί ένα όσο το δυνατόν πληρέστερο πλαίσιο μελέτης του φαινομένου. Η παρουσίαση αυτή σε καμία περίπτωση δεν είναι εξαντλητική, αφού δεν είναι αυτός ο στόχος της εργασίας• αποτελεί, όμως, μια εισαγωγική μελέτη του θέματος εξετάζοντας ορισμένες πλευρές του που αξιοποιούνται από την τέχνη. Την έκθεση των κεντρικότερων θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων ακολουθεί στο δεύτερο μέρος η παρουσίαση των στοιχείων που συνθέτουν την ειδική εικόνα του μετανάστη στην Ελλάδα: των συνθηκών ζωής και εργασίας του, της κατάστασης ύπαρξής του, της αντιμετώπισής του από το κράτος και τους θεσμούς, της πολιτικής και κοινωνικής υπόστασής του, των μηχανισμών που διαμορφώνουν ή και κατασκευάζουν την εικόνα του. Τέλος, παρουσιάζω την εικόνα που έχει ο ίδιος για τον εαυτό του στην κοινωνία υποδοχής, του αυτοπροσδιορισμού του μέσω της επίγνωσης της ξενότητάς του. Στο τρίτο μέρος της εργασίας ασχολούμαι με την εγγραφή του μετανάστη στην νεοελληνική λογοτεχνία μεσα από το παράδειγμα της διαχείρισης της εικόνας του από τον Μένη Κουμανταρέα. Τέλος, αναγκαίο είναι ένα σχόλιο για τη μεθοδολογία που επέλεξα: κατά τη διάρκεια της μελέτης μου συνάντησα διάφορους όρους, έννοιες και φαινόμενα τα οποία ο κάθε μελετητής, ανάλογα με την αφετηρία και τους στόχους του, συνδέει με τη μετανάστευση. Άλλωστε, οι εννοιολογήσεις του όρου «μετανάστευση» και οι περιγραφές του φαινομένου και των αιτιών του ποικίλλουν ανάλογα με τη θεωρητική προσέγγιση κάθε μελετητή. / -

This thesis explored significant other responses to CFS/ME in association with patient illness outcomes and symptom maintenance utilising a multi-method approach; a systematic review, cross-sectional, longitudinal and momentary methods were included. The review identified empirical evidence for two potential interpersonal mechanisms. The evidence suggested that significant other beliefs and responses, dyadic relationship quality, and patient outcomes associated with each mechanism were different. Dyadic belief incongruence was also highlighted as important with respect to relationship quality. Thus, potential research questions and current methodological limitations were identified; the subsequent empirical papers presented attempted to address these. The first empirical study (Chapter 3) utilised the Expressed Emotion (EE) framework to investigate the impact of critical comments and EOI; no cross-sectional associations between EE and patient outcomes were observed. A longitudinal design was also employed to examine the predictive validity of EE. Longitudinally, high critical comments predicted higher fatigue severity; further analyses indicated that depression mediated this relationship. High EOI was also predictive of higher fatigue severity at follow-up. This was the first study to examine EE within a CFS/ME sample; the longitudinal impact of high-EE upon patient outcomes suggests that it is a potentially beneficial target for future interventions. Paper 2 (Chapter 4) sought to examine the factors that might contribute to significant other EE by examining significant other illness beliefs and dyadic belief incongruence. The results indicated that significant others rated as high-EE had stronger illness models, more negative beliefs about the consequences associated with the condition, and negative emotional representations. These findings identify those beliefs that may be particularly important for high-EE within the current patient group. Overall dyadic belief incongruence was not important for EE-rating; high-EE dyads reported similar illness beliefs, whilst low-EE significant others reported more optimistic beliefs about the condition. These findings suggest that optimistic beliefs about the condition may be better for both significant other and patient outcomes. The final empirical study (Chapter 5) examined the associations between significant other negative and solicitous responses and fluctuations in patient illness outcomes on a momentary basis. The impact of significant other responses was largely transitory; changes in patient outcomes did not extend past the current momentary assessment. Negative significant other responses were associated with momentary increases in symptom severity; patient distress partially mediated this relationship. Patient-perceived solicitous responses were associated with increased activity limitation, but reduced disability reported at the same momentary assessment. These results suggest that momentary reports capture more dynamic processes than observed in traditional cross-sectional analyses. Taken together, the findings presented within this thesis provide further evidence for the impact of significant other factors on patient outcomes. The evidence for the hypothesised mechanism associated with critical EE was consistent throughout studies. However, the evidence for the role of EOI currently requires further exploration. Finally, the results suggest that the development of significant other-focussed interventions may be beneficial for both patient and significant other outcomes.

<p>The aim of the paper is to explore the dominating perception of the Other after the conflict regarding the Danish Mohammed caricatures. How Swedish newspapers have portrayed Arabs, which role they have been given in society and what problems they are struggling with is going to be the focus of this thesis.</p><p>As methodological approach I chose discourse analysis, since it presents a view where language defines and structures our understanding of reality. Through the study of various Swedish newspaper articles, this essay tries to illustrate the implicit yet existent negative image of the Arabs as a group and potential alternative ways of understanding the Other.</p><p>The perception of Arabs is a product of a necessary imaginary foe, a mirror image of the bad and strange in contrast to the idyllic and safe Swedish nationality. The rhetoric’s of the discourse are therefore constructed between a politics of acknowledgement and a will to culturally dominate the Other. To challenge this view the citizens of a nation must accept it as nothing more than an imaginary design.</p>

Bakgrund: Redan på 1970-talet uppmärksammades närståendes situation inom vården, och trots att det har skett en ökning kring familjerelaterad forskning under de senaste 20 åren finns det fortfarande brister inom familjerelaterad omvårdnad Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva närståendes upplevda behov av stöd från sjuksköterskan när en anhörig drabbas av allvarlig sjukdom eller skada. Metod: Den studie som genomfördes var en litteraturstudie, den inkluderar 10 artiklar varav 8 var kvalitativa och 2 var kvantitativa. Sökningar gjordes i Cinahl, PubMed och DiVA. Innehållet analyserades och kategorier identifierades. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier och tre underkategorier identifierades. Första huvudkategorin var närståendes behov, med underkategori betydelsen av kommunikation i vården med de närstående samt återhämtning. Den andra huvudkategorin var stöd som finns att tillgå, med underkategorierna närståendes delaktighet i vården. Slutsats: Studien visar på att närstående upplever ett stort behov av få vara delaktiga i vården kring patienten, framförallt genom att få information. Att göra närstående delaktiga kan minska den upplevda stressen vilket kan leda till ett ökat förtroende för vården. / Background: Already in the 1970’s were significant others situation in the healthcare highlighted, and although there has been an increase on family-related research over the past 20 years, there are still gaps in family-related care. Aim: The aim was to describe significant others experience of needs from the nurse, when a patient suffer from a serious illness or injury. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review, which included 10 articles of which 8 were qualitative and 2 were quantitative. Searches were made in Cinahl, PubMed and DiVA. The content was analyzed and themes were identified. Result: Two main themes and three subthemes were identified. The first main theme was the significant other’s needs, with the first subtheme being the meaning of communication in healthcare with the significant other and the second subtheme being recovery. The second main theme was available support, with the subtheme being significant others participation in care. Conclusion: The study implies that significant others felt a need to be involved in health care around the patient, especially by getting information. To involve the significant other can reduce the stress experience, which in turn can raise the trust in health care.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lecticia Maria Zambrano de Araujo Raposo.pdf: 1081160 bytes, checksum: b9da787202973f9f41296ba6913198ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-12 / The growth of feminine access to high end positions in the corporate world is a global phenomenon which enables women to reach promotions and expatriation opportunities as well as the traditional group of men in corporate jobs.This dissertation´s goal is to know and understand the experience of men´s lives as an accompanying life partner during the expatriation of their wives, attempting to comprehend the differences in experiences.It is a qualitative study which used the life-story method to investigate the lives of three childless men in their thirties who interrupted their careers in order to follow their wives in a new country. Results confirm and broaden previous research papers helping us better understand the connections of themes such as expatriation, double career marriages and gender studies. Personal traits and shared decisions were aspects seen to favor adaptation in foreign countries. Double-career marriages seem to be unique and express a specific manner of functioning through flexible deals and more creative solutions when searching for solutions to achieve mutual satisfaction. The challenges of masculinity, considering the men are temporarily out of work, seemed to be work related and brought forth by the need to internally negotiate and to negotiate with the outside world the prerogatives of belonging to a hegemonic group. This conflict is shown in the desire to keep an active career and to keep investing time and energy in a career. Results show clearly that there is felt pressure into keeping the cultural and personal concepts of masculinity, maintenance of power and the existence of social mechanisms of correction of deviated behavior / O crescente acesso feminino a postos de maior destaque e visibilidade no mundo corporativo é um fenômeno global, possibilitando também às mulheres oportunidades de expatriação assim como ao grupo tradicional de executivos homens. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a experiência do homem na sua vivência como cônjuge acompanhante, durante a expatriação de sua esposa executiva, procurando compreender as particularidades desta experiência.Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo que utilizou a metodologia de história de vida para conhecer a vivência de três homens na faixa dos 30 anos, sem filhos, que interromperam suas carreiras e acompanharam suas mulheres na designação internacional. Os resultados obtidos reafirmam e ampliam vários resultados trazidos pela literatura consultada, favorecendo o entendimento da conexão de temas como expatriação, casamento de dupla carreira e gênero. Características pessoais e decisões compartilhadas foram aspectos que favoreceram a adaptação no exterior. Os casamentos de dupla carreira se mostraram únicos e expressaram um funcionamento particular e específico, por meio de acordos flexíveis e da procura de alternativas criativas para conseguir satisfação mútua. Os desafios à masculinidade, na medida em que estariam temporariamente sem trabalho, trouxeram aos nossos participantes a necessidade de negociarem consigo mesmo e com o mundo social as prerrogativas de pertencer ao grupo hegemônico, manifesto em manterem-se ativos e investindo na carreira. Ficou claro o quanto os resultados evidenciaram como o homem é pressionado para manter-se, sustentando o masculino , como o poder deve ser garantido, e como há mecanismos sociais de correção dos desvios

O crack é a substância ilícita que mais leva à busca por tratamento para uso de substâncias no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os usuários frequentemente relatam dificuldades nos seus relacionamentos interpessoais, no entanto ter relacionamentos saudáveis é crucial para o processo de recuperação. As evidências até agora demonstram que além do uso de substâncias psicoativas, outros fatores da vida do sujeito, como características sociodemográficas, dificuldades emocionais, comportamentais e sociais podem se tornar barreiras para o resgate e cultivo de relacionamentos saudáveis. Sendo assim, a presente dissertação teve por objetivo investigar a associação entre severidade dos problemas no funcionamento interpessoal dos usuários de crack e fatores de risco associados, tais como características sociodemográficas, fatores relacionados ao uso de substâncias do paciente, de seus parceiros, familiares e amigos e comorbidades psiquiátricas. Este foi um estudo transversal multicêntrico, com a participação de homens e mulheres (N=407), em tratamento para problemas por uso de crack, na rede de saúde pública de seis capitais brasileiras. A magnitude de associação entre o desfecho (T-score: problemas na área Família/Social) e os fatores em estudo (características sociodemográficas, comorbidades psiquiátricas, exposição a eventos estressores na vida, uso recente de substâncias psicoativas, dados sobre o consumo de substâncias pelos usuários, seu parceiro, familiares adultos e amigos e envolvimento com atividades ilícitas) foi avaliada através da razão de prevalência (RP), estimada pela regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Ter diagnóstico de abuso de álcool, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, transtorno da personalidade antissocial, episódio depressivo atual e o número de dias consumindo crack no último mês estava significativamente associado com maior severidade nos problemas na área Família/Social. Os achados deste estudo demonstram uma relação entre maior frequência de uso de crack e co-morbidades psiquiátricas com ter mais problemas nos relacionamentos com parceiros, familiares e amigos. Sendo a reinserção social, uma conquista fundamental para a recuperação, nossos achados apontam que, além do uso de crack em si, outros elementos podem representar barreiras para o bom funcionamento social destas pessoas. Estes resultados advogam em favor do desenvolvimento de intervenções psicossociais que foquem na melhora do funcionamento interpessoal de usuários de crack e a inclusão de familiares e amigos nas abordagens terapêuticas. Além disso, sugere-se o oferecimento de tratamento concomitante para as comorbidades psiquiátricas. / Crack-cocaine is the illicit psychoactive substance that most leads to substance use treatment seeking in the Unified Health System (SUS). Users frequently report difficulties in interpersonal relationships, yet having healthy relationships is crucial to the process of recovery. Evidence so far demonstrate that in addition to psychoactive substance use, other factors in the user’s life, such as sociodemographic characteristics, emotional, behavioral, and social problems, may become barriers to the rescue and cultivation of healthy relationships. Thus, the present dissertation aimed to investigate the association between severity of problems in interpersonal functioning of crack-cocaine users and related risk factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, consumption of psychoactive substances by users, partners, adult relatives and friends, and psychiatric comorbidities. This was a multicenter cross-sectional study, involving men and women (N = 407), undergoing treatment for their crack-cocaine use in public health facilities of six Brazilian capitals. The magnitude of association between the outcome (T-score: problems in the Family/Social area) and factors under study (sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, exposure to lifetime stressful events, data regarding the use of psychoactive substances by users, their partner, adult relatives and friends and engagement in illicit activities) was evaluated by the prevalence ratio (PR), estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance. Having a comorbid diagnosis of alcohol abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder, current depressive episode and the number of days of crack use in the last month was significantly associated with greater severity in the problems in the Family/Social area. These findings demonstrate a relationship between higher frequency of use of crack cocaine and psychiatric comorbidities with more problems in relationships with partners, family and friends. Since social reintegration is a fundamental achievement for recovery, our findings indicate that, besides the use of crack itself, other elements may represent barriers to the social functioning of these people. These results support development of psychosocial interventions that focus in the improvement of interpersonal relationships of crack cocaine users and the inclusion of family and friends in the treatment. In addition, it is suggested that interventions should target concomitant treatment for psychiatric comorbidities.