This study was designed to assess the reliability of "The Psychiatric Rating Scale for Diagnostic Classification of Children and Adolescents" as an instrument for determining diagnoses congruent with DSM-III criteria. In Phase I graduate students from a University doctoral program in psychology independently rated case vignettes and completed the 64-item rating scale to arrive at Axis I or II diagnoses consistent with DSM-III classifications for Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence. Subsequent correlations to determine individual scale reliability yielded significantly positive correlations. Clinicians practicing in three diverse metropolitan mental health settings acted as raters in Phase II of the study. Paired raters jointly interviewed a total of 54 child or adolescent patients and independently completed the rating scale to arrive at Axis I or II diagnoses. These diagnoses were subsequently correlated with diagnoses previously obtained by traditional psychometric methods. Phase II interrater agreement was 92 percent for Axis I and II combined, with a .96 correlation. Rating scale diagnoses when correlated with traditional psychometic diagnoses yielded an overall rate of agreement on Axis I of 95 percent for Rater 1 and 90 percent for Rater 2 and correlations of .96 and .95 respectively. Clinicians were asked to rate a case vignette having previously been given an erroneous diagnosis. This attempt to assess rater expectancy effects yielded an agreement rate of 100 percent for the correct diagnosis. These results supported both major hypotheses of the study at a minimum of the .001 level of significance. They also confirmed a prior belief concerning limited intrusion upon rating scale reliability from rater expectancies. As a reliable and objective method of eliciting, structuring, and evaluating patient information, the rating scale could aide in reducing interdisciplinary interview variability and time expenditures among clinicians while providing an appropriate foundation for entry into treatment.

This thesis describes the issue of project dependencies. In managing projects we meet almost every time some kind of dependency. Currently, the project is almost never an isolated group of activity that is able to independently bring same value or result. Therefore, this issue occurs in many areas of managing project. The first theoretical part is focused on some of these areas. It describes disciplines such as Project, Program and Portfolio management. These areas are characterized and then described how they can solve project dependencies. The second part is focused on matrices DSM and DMM, which can serve as one of the methods to effectively manage all connections and dependencies in projects. Area DSM and DMM matrix is first explained and then are expressed its possibilities. In the last part are the information gained in the previous phase applied to a practical example in the banking environment. The method is applied to 25 projects that are guided in an unnamed banking institution. For these projects are set dimensions and are subsequently compiled specific DSM (Dependency Structure Matrix) and DMM (Domain Mapping Matrix) matrices. To certain dimensions is then used clustering method and on the resulting matrix is used simple matrix notation, such as transposition and matrix multiplication. It will create basically a tool, which is a network of all the dependencies between dimensions and projects that can simulate pre-defined scenarios.

This study examined the clinical utility of the recently released National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) research domain criteria (RDoC) by replicating and extending earlier work by using a demographically novel sample. Information retrieval and natural language processing of archival clinical records was used to achieve two main objectives: (1) estimate how well the RDoC domains match language used by clinicians by creating domain scores and (2) examine the differences between the DSM's and RDoC's ability to predict treatment outcome using these domain scores and DSM diagnoses. The social systems RDoC category was found to be the strongest predictor of treatment outcome across all diagnostic measures.

2 ABSTRACT In the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), the diagnosis of specific personality disorders is obtained through an evaluation of the level of impairment in personality functioning and an assessment of dimensional personality traits associated in 25 "lower order" facets and 5 "higher order" domains. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed for examination of personality traits within this system. This Ph.D. thesis covers five relevant publications regarding AMPD, particularly PID-5. First, the authors introduce the theoretical background of the PID-5. Attention is paid on its ease of use, data interpretation and use of these data for treatment planning in different clinical settings. Two empirical studies test PID-5 psychometric properties (internal consistency, validity, discrimination capacity and unidimensional structure) in the sample of community volunteers (n=351) and a clinical sample of psychiatric patients (n=143). PID-5 was administered individually and in a group setting using pen-paper method and online data collection. 33 respondents completed the inventory twice to check test-retest reliability. Authors presumed, evidence will be found to support internal consistency and convergent validity of the PID-5 personality trait domains, as well as their...

Interpreting a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image and detecting buildings can be a difficult task visually. In order acquire an overview of an area that has been affected by a disaster, such as an earthquake, SAR is useful due to its independence of weather conditions and the time of the day. GeoRaySAR, a simulator that has been developed by German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Technical University of Munich (TUM), uses prior knowledge about the geometry extracted, from e.g. a Digital Surface Model (DSM), in order to identify buildings in high resolution SAR data. The simulator has previously utilized DSMs generated from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data with a vertical and horizontal resolution of 0.1 meters and 1 meter respectively without vegetation. However, DSMs of such high quality is not available everywhere. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate DSMs generated from high-resolution optical data for identifying building in high resolution SAR data in GeoRaySAR. Specifically, images from the spaceborne sensor WorldView-2 have been utilized in this thesis for the extraction of the geometry. The DSMs have been preprocessed in terms of removal of vegetation and reduction of the noise level. The SAR images, acquired from TerraSAR-X, were utilized in GeoRaySAR in order to detect buildings with the assistance of the DSM. An image size limitation that existed in GeoRaySAR has been addressed by adding tiling, which is based on the size of the study scene. Normalized DSM (nDSM) can be determined by calculating the difference between a DSM and a DTM. A nDSM, that received some adjustments, was used as input to GeoRaySAR and compared with the results from the normal DSM. Study areas in three cities, Munich, London and Istanbul, have been used to determine the advantages and limitations of GeoRaySAR and the impact the quality of the DSM has on the building extraction results. The results indicate that building extents can be detected with DSMs generated from optical data with various success, dependent on the quality of the DSM and on which incidence angle the SAR image was acquired in. The ability to interpret a scene increases with the usage of DSMs of higher quality and with SAR images taken in less steep incidence angles. The building DSM depends heavily on the quality of the DTM, but indicates good results and little data loss in study scenes where the DTM successfully removed all objects above ground.

The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), a screening instrument to identify individuals at risk of alcohol use-related problems, has not been validated in a Russian primary care population. We assessed the reliability, factor structure, sensitivity, and specificity of AUDIT scores among 254 subjects initiating tuberculosis treatment from 2005 to 2007 in Tomsk City. Our findings support the use of the AUDIT as a screening instrument among Russian individuals seeking primary care. We discuss implications, limitations, and future research.

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The research aimed to use social constructionism as a methodology to explore Xhosa men’s constructions of depression. The theoretical framework chosen for this research was intersectionality. Purposive sampling was conducted to obtain between four to six participants who self-identified as Xhosa men. In the end four participants were interviewed through semi structured interviews. Interviews were conducted in the language of convenience for the participants. This was noted to be a mixture of English and isiXhosa. The interviews were transcribed and translated to English. Thematic analysis was used as a method of analysis. The analysis followed a systematic process which consists of six steps that were proposed by Braun and Clarke. Emerging themes related to how culture influenced Xhosa men’s constructions of depression, how masculinity influences Xhosa men’s constructions of depression, and How masculinity and the Xhosa culture intersect and interact in men’s constructions of depression. The findings showed that Xhosa men valued and accepted their cultural values, and gender roles, and thus their constructions of depression were influenced by that. The findings also revealed that depression also played a role in how Xhosa men construct gender and their culture. Hence highlighting the idea of intersectionality. / Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development / Psychology / MA (Clinical Psychology) / Unrestricted

Many children and adolescents in the United States experience externalizing behavior problems identified as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. These behavior problems cause disruptions in the youth’s socioemotional functioning and academic success. The assignment of a diagnosis from the DSM-5 is often the first step in treatment planning, because many clinics and third-party payers require a diagnosis for authorization of treatment payment. However, research has repeatedly revealed that informants differ in the information they provide regarding youth mental health. While studies have separately examined the association of youth characteristics, parent characteristics, and family characteristics and informant agreement, there is a dearth of research examining the association between these variables in mother-father agreement of ethnically diverse youth. The current study addresses this gap in a sample of 88 mother-father dyads in a clinic sample of youth evaluated for the presence of externalizing behavior problems. Pearson correlations and paired t-tests were run to examine associations and discrepancies, respectively, between mother and father reports of youth inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, defiance/aggression, and learning problems. Regression analyses were run to examine the impact of child age, gender, symptom severity, ethnicity, family income, and parent mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms, parenting stress) on mother-father reporting discrepancies. Overall associations between mother and father reports of youth behavior problems were positively correlated, and moderate to large in magnitude. Mother’s depression scores, mother and father parenting stress scores, and child’s symptom severity were significant predictors in some regression analyses. Child age, child ethnicity, father’s depression scores, and family income were not significant predictors in the regression analyses. Results of this research contribute to the small literature base of discrepancies in parent reports in ethnically diverse youth. It further expands upon the minimal research regarding paternal caregivers. Further, it highlights the need for mental health screening of youth’s parents during child psychological assessment to identify situations in which both parent reports may be necessary for appropriate assessment of youth mental health.

Uppsatsens avsikt är att undersöka hur posttraumatiskt stressyndrom, PTSD, gestaltas ifilmerna Batman Begins, The Dark Knight och The Dark Knight Rises genom karaktärernaBatman och Bane. Negativa porträtteringar av psykisk ohälsa har förekommit på film genomatt det gång på gång är skurken eller offret som lider av det, däremot har Christopher NolansBatman-trilogi inte blivit kritiserad för att gestalta PTSD på ett negativt sätt. Analyserandet avdessa filmer görs därför utifrån manualen DSM-5 där olika kluster beskriver de kriterier sombehöver vara synliga för att en person ska kunna diagnostiseras med PTSD. Scenerna därBatman och Bane möjligen visar prov på dessa kriterier analyseras genom karaktärernasdialoger, handlingar och mise-en-scène. Analysen görs för att ta reda på om gestaltandet skerpå ett sådant sätt att dessa filmer kan sägas ge en rättvis bild av PTSD. Genom enkaraktärisering av Batman och Bane utifrån dessa begrepp och metoder gick det att fastställaatt filmerna förhåller sig till DSM-5. Tack vare att både skurken och hjälten gestaltar tvåmöjliga sidor av PTSD ger de tillsammans en helhet och därmed en mer rättvis bild av PTSD generellt.