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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
541

Heterogeneous Interactions of Volatile Organic Compounds with Natural Mineral Dust Samples / Interactions hétérogènes de composés organiques volatils avec des échantillons de poussières minérales naturelles

Zeineddine, Mohamad Nour 14 November 2018 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse vise à caractériser l’interaction entre composés organiques volatils et poussières minérales atmosphériques. Les COV sélectionnés sont l’isopropanol (IPA), l’isoprène (ISP) et l’acide acétique (AcA). Cinq échantillons naturels de poussières minérales provenant de zones désertiques situées dans plusieurs régions du globe ont été retenus.Il a été mis en évidence que l’origine et donc la composition chimique des poussières naturelles joue un rôle majeur dans la nature de leur interaction avec les COV. Plus particulièrement, les coefficients de capture tendent à croître avec les rapports élémentaires Al/Si et Fe/Si. De plus, il est montré que l’interaction entre COV et poussières est fortement impactée par l’humidité relative et la température.Plusieurs modes d’interaction entre les COV et les poussières étudiés ont été mis en évidence : physisorption, chimisorption ou adsorption réactive. Ils dépendent de la composition chimique des poussières et de la structure des COV. En fonction du mode d’interaction, ces processus hétérogènes peuvent être considérés comme des puits de COV primaires voire des sources de COV secondaires en phase gazeuse. Ce travail met en lumière la contribution des processus hétérogènes dans l’atmosphère. / This thesis investigates the interactions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with natural mineral dust samples. The VOCs used are isopropanol (IPA), isoprene (ISP) and acetic acid (AcA). Five natural mineral dust samples originating from various desert regions all over the world are used in this study.It is evidenced that the origin, I.E. the chemical composition, of the natural dust sample plays a significant role in defining the nature of its interaction with the VOCs. In particular, an increase of uptake is observed with increasing Al/Si and Fe/Si elemental rations. Moreover, the dust-VOC interaction is evidenced as being highly impacted by relative humidity and temperature.Various interactions modes have been evidenced between dust and VOCs such as physisorption, chemisorption and reactive sorption depending on the chemical composition of the dust and the structure of the VOC. Depending on the interaction mode, heterogeneous processes can act as a sink of primary VOCs or even a soure of secondary oxygenated VOCs in the gas phase. This work emphasiez the contribution of heterogeneous processes to the atmosphere.
542

Sensorer i brownout / Sensors in brownout

Bohman, Johan January 2013 (has links)
När en helikopter befinner sig i brownout saknar besättningen referenser till omvärlden vilket kan försämra det spatiala medvetandet. Om besättningen inte har koll på helikopterns position i luftrummet kan det leda till skador på både materiel och besättning i samband med landning. Denna rapport undersökte, på ett övergripande plan, vilka möjligheter sensorer inom det elektromagnetiska spektret hade att bidra med information till det spatiala medvetandet. Rapporten fann att sensorerna behöver vara anpassningsbara till följd av stoftmolnets vida varierande karaktäristik. Sensorerna hade möjlighet att generera en bild av landningsplatsen före brownout inträffar. Radar lämpade sig bäst till att uppdatera bilden när brownout inträffat då de elektrooptiska sensorerna kraftigt begränsas av stoftmolnet. Däremot genererade de elektrooptiska sensorerna en bild av omgivningen som motsvarade ögats tolkning av samma omgivning, något som en radar har svårare att göra. / When a helicopter is in brownout the crew looses references to the world outside which could decrease the spatial awareness. If the crew does not know the accurate position of the helicopter it can lead to damage on both equipment and crew when landing. This report examined, on a general level, how sensors within the electromagnetic spectrum could contribute with information to the spatial awareness. The report found that the sensors need to be adaptable due to the widely varying characteristics of the dustcloud. The sensors were able to generate an image of the landingsite prior to brownout. Radar was best suited to updating the image when brownout had occurred, whereas the electro-optical sensors are highly attenuated by the dust cloud. However, the electro-optical sensors generated an image of the environment corresponding to the eye's interpretation of the same surrounding, something that a radar has greater difficulty with accomplishing.
543

Analýza emisí tuhých znečišťujících látek v chovu drůbeže / Analysis of emissions of particulate matter in poultry farming

ADAMOVSKÝ, Vojtěch January 2016 (has links)
This thesis was focused on monitoring production of dust particles in poultry farming. This measurement was made with the Dusttrak II 8530 which monitored the environment in the stable every 3 seconds for 24 hours. For monitoring were selected companies in the South Bohemian Region, specifically MTD Ústrašice and Farma u lesa. Results of Dusttrak measurements showed that none of the stables exceeded the permissible limits of dust particles. Additionally microscopic analysis of the samples of dust particles revealed that the main component of source of dust was feed mixture.
544

Mutagenicidade de solos como estratégia na avaliação de riscos de área contaminada

Pohren, Roberta de Souza January 2011 (has links)
O solo é um dos compartimentos mais atingidos pelo acúmulo de poluentes de origem antrópica, pois atua como depósito de poluentes e como fonte para outros ambientes de interface. Este estudo investigou sítio contaminado com resíduos da indústria de preservativos de madeira como fonte de compostos mutagênicos; definiu rotas e abrangência na dispersão desses contaminantes pela remobilização de partículas e deposição atmosférica, associando riscos ambientais e à saúde. Foram selecionados locais de amostragem para solos e poeira domiciliar a distâncias gradativas a partir de SI (pool de solo da área industrial), SR150 (150m), SR500 e SR1700; para poeira foi coletado um pool em área de risco, DR385 (385m) e em DR1700. Foi avaliada a atividade mutagênica através do ensaio Salmonella/microssoma, método de microssuspensão, em linhagens que detectam erro no quadro de leitura (TA98 e TA97a), substituição de pares de bases do DNA (TA100), em presença e ausência de metabolização hepática de ratos (S9mix) e YGs 1041, 1042 e 1024 para a definição de nitroderivados. Foram preparados extratos ácidos, visando definir os efeitos de compostos inorgânicos como metais pesados e de extratos orgânicos para avaliar principalmente hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) e nitroderivados. Os extratos foram testados também quanto à concentração dos 16 HPAs considerados poluentes prioritários pela USEPA, quanto a metais pesados de interesse e quanto ao contaminante pentaclorofenol (PCP) como marcador específico da atividade do sítio industrial. Através das análises de metais pesados foi detectado um gradiente de respostas, onde tanto a concentração de metais totais quanto a fração biodisponível de Cr e Cu apresentaram valores mais altos para SI em relação aos solos de entorno; para As, apenas na avaliação da concentração total do elemento, SI foi superior. Em relação aos efeitos mutagênicos decorrentes da mistura de compostos inorgânicos as respostas não permitiram uma gradação entre as diferentes distâncias. O solo fonte SI mostrou mutagênese nas diferentes linhagens, em especial em TA97a na ausência de S9mix. As amostras de entorno apresentaram potência mutagênica em pelo menos duas cepas, mas apenas uma consonante com SI. O solo SR500, mostrou mutagênese diferenciada e resposta expressiva na linhagem TA98 com S9 mix. No entanto, o local SR1700 mostrou ausência de influência a partir da área contaminada caracterizando uma área de referência. Nos extratos orgânicos, as respostas de mutagênese mostram um padrão de contaminação nas áreas de influência semelhante ao apresentado por SI, parecendo indicar a mobilidade de compostos orgânicos a partir da fonte para as áreas de entorno. Houve um predomínio de compostos de ação indireta, sendo os valores de SI entre 107 a 1455 rev/g de solo. Nos locais de entorno, observou-se padrão similar em SR150; já em SR500 valores elevados de mutagênese de ação direta foram evidenciados em TA97a; SR1700, embora apresentando mutagênese do tipo erro no quadro de leitura em presença de S9 mix, mostrou um decréscimo de efeitos. Os testes com as linhagens YG indicaram que compostos nitrados têm ação significativa na mutagênese direta encontrada, com exceção de SR500. Foi detectada ainda a presença de hidroxiamino-compostos em todas as amostras de solos através da linhagem YG1024. Na investigação da poeira residencial de entorno foram observadas respostas mutagênicas nas diferentes cepas testadas em DR385, mono e dinitroarenos do tipo substituição de pares de bases (YG1042) e hidroxiamino-compostos (YG1024); em DR1700 não foi observada resposta positiva. Concentrações de HPAs potencialmente carcinogênicos se estendem no solo da área interna até o do local de referencia, bem como na poeira domiciliar da área de risco indicando gradiente de concentrações e efeitos. A concentração de PCP no pool de poeira (DR385) foi (0,491 mg/Kg), similiar a observada em SI, (0,431 mg/Kg), definindo uma rota efetiva de dispersão a partir da área industrial para regiões do entorno. Ficou evidenciada a possibilidade de dispersão de mutágenos da área contaminada para regiões de entorno, sendo possível detectar gradientes de distância, favorecendo estimativas de risco. O estudo mostrou que é fundamental avaliar a extensão da contaminação a partir de fontes de solo impactado, visando delimitar qualquer medida de remediação dos ambientes atingidos e evitar danos potenciais ao equilíbrio ecológico e à saúde humana. / Soil is one of the compartments most affected by the accumulation of anthropic pollutants, since it acts as a deposit for pollutants and as a source for other interface environments. This study investigated a site contaminated with residues of the wood preservative industry as a source of mutagenic compounds; it defined the routes and area covered by dispersion of these contaminants through the remobilization of particles and atmospheric deposition, associating environmental and human health risks. Sampling sites were selected for soils and dusts at gradually increasing distances from SI (pool of soil from the industrial area), SR150 (150m), SR500 and SR1700; a pool was of residential dust was collected in the area of risk, DR385 (385m) and at DR1700. Mutagenic activity was evaluated by the Salmonella/microsome assay, microsuspension method, in strains that detect frameshift error (TA98 and TA97a), DNA base pair substitution (TA100), in the presence and absence of hepatic metabolization of rats (S9 mix) and YGs 1041, 1042 and 1024 to sough nitroderivates. Acid extracts were prepared to define the effects of inorganic compounds such as heavy metals, and organic extracts in evaluating mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitroderivates. The extracts were tested also for the concentration of the 16 PAHs considered priority pollutants by USEPA, for heavy metals of interest and for contaminant pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a specific marker of the industrial site activity. A gradient of responses was detected through analyses of heavy metals , where both the concentration of heavy metals and the bioavailable fraction of Cr and Cu presented higher values for SI compared to the surrounding soils; for As, SI was superior only to evaluate the total concentration of the element. As to the mutagenic effects of the mixture of inorganic compounds, the responses did not allow a grading between the different distances. The source soil SI presented mutagenesis in the different strains, especially in TA97a in the absence of S9mix. The samples from the surrounding area presented mutagenic potency in at least two strains, but only one in accordance with SI. Soil SR500 showed differentiated mutagenesis and an expressive response in the TA98 strain with S9 mix. However, site SR1700 showed no influence from the contaminated area, characterizing an area of reference. In the organic extracts, the mutagenesis responses showed a pattern of contamination of the areas of influence similar to that presented by SI, and appear to indicate the mobility of organic compounds from the source to the surrounding areas. Indirect action compounds predominated, and the values of SI were from 107 to 1455 rev/g soil. At the surrounding sites, a similar pattern was observed in SR150; on the other hand, in SR500 high values of direct action mutagenesis were evidenced in TA97a; SR1700, although presenting mutagenesis in frameshift strains in the presence of S9 mix, showed diminished effects. Tests with YGs strains indicate that the nitrated compounds exert a significant action on the direct mutagenesis found, except for SR500. Further, hydroxyamine-compounds were detected in all soils samples through strain YG1024. Investigating residential dust from the surrounding area, mutagenic responses were observed in the different strains tested in DR385, mono and dinitroarenes of the pair substitution mutation type (YG1042) and hydroxyamine-compounds (YG1024); no positive response was observed in DR1700. Potentially carcinogenic PAHs concentrations are on the soil from the internal area until the site of reference, and also in the residential dust of the risk area, indicating a gradient of concentrations and effects. PCP concentration in the dust pool (DR385) was (0.491 mg/Kg), similar to that observed in SI, (0.431 mg/Kg), defining an effective dispersion route from the industrial area to the surrounding regions. The possibility of mutagen dispersion from the contaminated area to the surrounding regions was shown, and gradients of distance favoring risk estimates were detected. The study showed that it is essential to evaluate the extent of contamination from the sources of soil that have been impacted, with a view to delimiting any remedial measure for the environments affected and avoiding potential damage to the ecological balance and human health.
545

Aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas de helicônia sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação, tipos e volumes de substrato / Acclimatization of micropagated cuttings of helicônia (Heliconia lingulata Ruiz & Pavón cv. Fan.) under different irrigation depth, types and volumes of substratum

Rocha, Eliana Lee Jorge January 2007 (has links)
ROCHA, Eliana Lee Jorge. Aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas de helicônia sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação, tipos e volumes de substrato. 2007. 73 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Curso de Pós-Graduação em agronomia, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T14:06:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_eljrocha.pdf: 1805399 bytes, checksum: 785a951d142c46b4bcaa887fc2f16869 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T14:07:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_eljrocha.pdf: 1805399 bytes, checksum: 785a951d142c46b4bcaa887fc2f16869 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T14:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_eljrocha.pdf: 1805399 bytes, checksum: 785a951d142c46b4bcaa887fc2f16869 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The helicônias are ornamental plants that, with its beauty and exotics, constitute one of the biggest deversity of our flora. Exuberant, colorful , with unusual forms, they are appreciated in the international market also for its durability an d the capacity of, exactly alone, to generate surprising compositions. In result of the high dema nd of the consuming market, the culture is produced in commercial scale by means of the microp ropagation, one important technique that presents diverse stages. The stage of acclimat ization is the most important and critical phase, responsible for the high rate of mortality, low rates growth taxes and low uniformity of plants, resulting in fall production. This situatio n occurs due to few information about of the culture management in this stage. Considering that this technique is very recent in Brazil, studies are being conducted to establish the best c ombinations among different substratum, irrigation depth and types of containers. Then, as result is aclimatized plants not being supplied in all its necessities, leading to a consi derable losses and/or cutting uniform less. To minimize this problem and forces the requirements o f the consuming market, is necessary looking for scientific techniques informatives abou t the culture management. The present work had as objective to evaluate the effect of dis tinct types and volumes of substratum and different irrigation depth in the acclimatization o f micropropagated cuttings of helicônia (Heliconia lingulata Ruiz & Pavón cv. Fan .). The research consisted of three experiments, conducted in a high tunnel of forced culture at Emb rapa Tropical Agroindustry, located in Fortaleza, Ceará – Brazil (3º44 ' S and 38º33 ' W). The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions for the variables related to foliar development, and 5 treatments and 5 repetitions for the substratum. Four irrigation levels were analyzed in the first experiment: 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm of water. The pl ants cultivated in the substratum dust-of- coconut dry + wormcompost + soil, (1:1:1) in 180 cm 3 plastic containers, were irrigation twice a day. Five different combinations for substr atum were tested in the second experiment: 1:1:1 where S1 (dry coir dust + wormcompost + soil); S2 (green coir dust + vermiculite + compost of chicken bed); S3 (green coir dust + wormcompost + soil); S4 (dry coir dust + vermiculite + compost of chicken bed) and S 5 (Hortimix®). The plants, cultivated in the different substrate in 180 cm 3 plastic containers, were irrigated with a 3 mm wat er level twice a day. Four plastic containers types were evaluated in the third experiment: small cup (100 cm 3 ); small (180 cm 3 ); great plastic container (300 cm 3 ) and great cup (400 cm 3 ). The cuttings were cultivated with S 1 and they were irrigated with a 3 mm water level twice a day. The agronomics variable, evaluated in the experiments w ere: height of the plant, number leaf and stem diameter. In the first experiment the variable s were analyzed in 15 and 30 days after applications of water depth (DAL). For the othes ex periments the data were collected in 30, 60 and 75 days after the transplant (DAT). The resu lts of the experiments had evidenced that the best development of the cuttings of helicônia o ccurred when: cultivated in great plastic container of 300 cm 3 ; with substratum using the combination PCV+H+S and hortimix, and with water depth of 2,5 mm day -1 . / As helicônias são plantas ornamentais que, com sua beleza e exotismo, constituem uma das maiores riquezas da nossa flora. Exuberantes, coloridas, com formas inusitadas, elas são apreciadas no mercado internacional também por sua durabilidade e pela capacidade de, mesmo sozinhas, gerar composições surpreendentes. Em decorrência da alta demanda do mercado consumidor, a cultura vem sendo produzida em escala comercial por meio da micropropagação, uma técnica importante da cultura de tecidos que apresenta diversas etapas. A etapa de aclimatização é a fase mais crítica e importante, responsável pelos altos índices de mortalidade, baixas taxas de crescimento e desuniformidade das plantas, conseqüente queda na produção. Essa situação ocorre porque existem poucas informações sobre o manejo da cultura nessa etapa. Considerando que essa técnica é muito recente no Brasil, estudos estão sendo conduzidos para se estabelecer as melhores combinações entre diferentes substratos, lâminas de irrigação e tipos de recipientes. Assim, as plantas aclimatizadas acabam não sendo atendidas em todas as suas necessidades, o que leva à perdas consideráveis e/ou a obtenção de mudas de qualidade desuniforme. Para minimizar esse problema e atender as exigências do mercado consumidor, é preciso a busca de informações técnicas e científicas sobre o adequado manejo da cultura. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de distintos tipos e volumes de substrato e de diferentes lâminas de irrigação na aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas de helicônia (helicônia lingulata Ruiz & Pavón cv. Fan.). A pesquisa constou de três experimentos, sendo conduzida em um túnel alto de cultivo forçado pertencente a Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, situada no município de Fortaleza, Ceará - Brasil (3º44’ S e 38º33’ W). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições para as variáveis relacionadas com o desenvolvimento foliar e 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições para os substratos. No primeiro experimento foram analisadas quatro lâminas de irrigação: 1, 2, 3 e 4 mm de água. As plantas foram acondicionadas em tubetes de 180 cm3, e cultivadas no substrato pó-de-coco seco + húmus + solo (1:1:1), receberam as diferentes lâminas, parceladas em duas irrigações diárias. No segundo experimento foram testadas cinco combinações diferentes de substratos na proporção 1:1:1 onde S1(pó-de-coco seco + húmus + solo); S2 (pó-de-coco verde + vermiculita + composto de cama de frango); S3(pó-de-coco verde+húmus+solo); S4(pó-de-coco seco + vermiculita + composto de cama de frango) e S5 (Hortimix®), as plantas foram acondicionadas em tubetes 180 cm3 e cultivadas nos distintos substratos sendo aplicada uma lâmina d’água de 3 mm, duas vezes ao dia. No terceiro experimento foram avaliados quatro tipos de recipientes: copo pequeno (100 cm3); tubete pequeno (180 cm3); tubete grande (300 cm3) e copo grande (400 cm3). As mudas contidas nos recipientes foram cultivadas com S1 e irrigadas com a lâmina d’água de 3 mm duas vezes ao dia. As variáveis agronômicas, avaliadas nos experimentos foram: altura da planta, número de folhas e diâmetro do caule. No primeiro experimento as variáveis foram analisadas aos 15 e 30 dias após aplicação das devidas lâminas (DAL). Nos demais experimentos os dados foram coletados aos 30, 60 e 75 dias após o transplantio (DAT). Os resultados dos experimentos evidenciaram que o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas micropropagadas de helicônia ocorreu quando: cultivadas em tubete grande de 300 cm3 de volume; com substrato utilizando a combinação PCV+H+S e o hortimix, e com lamina de irrigação de 2,5 mm dia-1.
546

Modelo termodinâmico para o forno Waelz

Reis, Bruno Henrique January 2015 (has links)
O pó de aciaria elétrica é um importante subproduto da indústria siderúrgica devido ao seu alto teor de zinco. Assim, tecnologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas visando seu aproveitamento, sendo o forno Waelz a mais difundida delas atualmente. No entanto, sua operação, por contar com um forno rotativo de grandes dimensões que abriga uma infinidade de fenômenos físico-químicos, apresenta difícil previsibilidade ab initio. Por essa razão, este trabalho faz uso de uma ferramenta avançada da termodinâmica computacional, destinada à modelagem de processos, chamada SimuSage, a fim de modelar o seu comportamento. Para a criação do modelo utilizou-se também uma base de dados termodinâmicos advinda do software FactSage e a plataforma de desenvolvimento Lazarus. Com base em dados e resultados operacionais da literatura, foi possível realizar simulações nos modos adiabático e isotérmico, comparando os resultados com os da prática industrial. Constatou-se uma grande capacidade do modelo de reproduzir os resultados da literatura, mesmo quando não há muita informação para aferição dos parâmetros, gerando boa concordância com a composição química relatada dos produtos Óxido Waelz e Escória Waelz. / The electric arc furnace dust is an important by-product of the steel industry due to its high content of zinc. Thus, technologies have been developed aiming for its use, and the Waelz Kiln is the most widespread of them today. However, counting on a very large rotary kiln that houses an infinity of physico-chemical phenomena, its operation is difficult to predict ab initio. For this reason, in order to model its behaviour this work uses an advanced tool of computational thermodynamics designed to process modelling, called SimuSage. To create the model, a thermodynamic database, provided by the FactSage software, as well as a development platform, Lazarus IDE, were also used. Based on operational data and results from de literature, it was possible to perform simulations on both adiabatic and isothermal modes comparing its results with the industrial practice. A great capability of the model to reproduce results from the literature was found, even when there is not much information for the parameters calibration, generating good agreement regarding the reported chemical composition for the products, Waelz Oxide and Waelz Slag.
547

The climate of Mars from assimilations of spacecraft data

Ruan, Tao January 2015 (has links)
The Mars climate has been explored using two reanalysis datasets based on combining spacecraft observations of temperature and dust with the UK version of the LMD Mars GCM. The semiannual oscillation (SAO) of zonal-mean zonal wind was studied using the existing Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation reanalysis during Mars Years (MYs) 24-27. The SAO of zonal-mean zonal wind was shown to exist and extend over a wide range of latitudes. The dynamical driving processes of the SAO in the tropics were investigated, and the forcing due to meridional advection appeared to be the main contributor to the SAO. The study also highlighted some phenomena associated with perturbations of the global circulation during the MY 25 global dust storm (GDS). The meridional advection term was shown to be weaker in the first half of GDS year MY 25 than in the following year, but the forcing due to meridional advection and westward thermal tides both appeared to intensify during the MY 25 GDS. The capabilities of the Mars data assimilation system were also extended in this thesis, 1) to represent dynamic dust lifting and dust transport during the assimilation and 2) to assimilate measurements of the dust vertical distribution. The updated reanalysis was then used to study several major dust events during MY28-29. It proved able to reproduce a southward-moving regional dust storm without the overwhelming assistance of the assimilation. Dust devil lifting was found to at least partly provide the initial pattern of dust of this moving dust storm. The cold anomaly of the cooling zone beneath this dust storm could be as large as ∼ 2 K similar to the magnitude of what was found during the MY 25 GDS. Using the reanalysis, the life cycle of the planet-encircling global dust storm in MY28 was also studied. The Noachis dust storm that occurred just before the MY 28 GDS was found to be the joint result of a travelling Chryse storm, enhanced by dust lifting along its path and local dust lifting in Noachis itself. The adiabatic heating associated with the north polar warming that occurred during MY 28 GDS was up to ∼ 3 times as large as that found during the non-GDS year MY 29. The wind stress dust lifting was shown to in strong correlation with the global average dust loadings, and significantly decreased when the GDS decayed.
548

Desenvolvimento de um processo para redução do teor de cloro no pó de aciaria elétrica

Buzin, Pedro Jorge Walburga Keglevich de January 2016 (has links)
Na fabricação de aço pelo processo de aciaria elétrica há geração de vários tipos de resíduos, dentre estes, as poeiras de aciaria. Este resíduo possui como principais constituintes os elementos Fe, O e Zn, sendo considerado perigoso na maioria dos países. Além destes elementos, a presença do cloro provoca interferência deletéria na maioria dos processos de reciclagem ou incorporação do PAE em outros materiais. Por este motivo, o cloro representa um obstáculo à ampliação das possibilidades de destinação ou reciclagem destas poeiras. Este trabalho propõe uma nova tecnologia hidrometalúrgica para a redução do teor de cloro solúvel das poeiras para teores menores que 0,3% (b.s). Esta técnica..., de modo a possibilitar a aplicação de um processo especialmente desenvolvido de lixiviação aquosa, que evita a necessidade de agitação e equipamentos especiais. O principal objetivo foi reduzir o teor de cloretos das poeiras utilizando uma baixa relação sólido:líquido, em um processo de maior sustentabilidade e menor utilização de energia e recursos hídricos. Nos ensaios foram utilizadas poeiras previamente caracterizadas em seus principais elementos e provenientes de três usinas semi-integradas, cada uma com um perfil produtivo diferente e com teores de cloro médio variando de 2,01 a 5,26% (b.s). Foram testadas duas variantes principais desta nova tecnologia, em temperatura ambiente e a 60°C. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram a possibilidade de redução do teor de cloro solúvel das poeiras acima de 90%, com uma relação sólido:líquido de até 1:0,43. Também foi possível a geração de soluções concentradas de sais que atingiram até 20% em massa de concentração, em temperatura ambiente, sem necessidade de evaporação. A fácil obtenção destas soluções concentradas potencializa a aplicação e o desenvolvimento futuro de novas tecnologias para recuperação dos sais de poeiras de aciaria elétrica, principalmente sais de potássio. O material residual, com teor de cloro reduzido, possui melhor qualidade e aptidão para ser utilizado como matéria-prima em novos ou tradicionais processos de reciclagem e incorporação em outros materiais. / The Electric steelmaking generates several types of wastes, among them the electric arc furnace dust – EAFD. This residue has as main constituents the elements Fe, O and Zn, being considered dangerous in most countries. In addition to these elements, the presence of chlorine causes deleterious interference in most of recycling processes or incorporation in other materials. For this reason, chlorine represents an obstacle to increase the possibilities for disposal or recycling these dusts. This work proposes a new hydrometallurgical technology to reduce the soluble chlorine content of these dusts to lower levels than 0.3 wt% (dry basis). This technique is based on … to enable the application of a specially designed aqueous leaching process, that avoids the need for special equipment and stirring. The main objective is to reduce the chloride content of dusts using a low solid:liquid ratio in a process of greater sustainability and lower use of energy and water resources. In the tests, dusts previously characterized in main elements were used. These dusts come from three semi-integrated plants, each one with a different production profile and average chlorine content ranging from 2.01 to 5.26 wt% (dry basis). Two main variants of this new technology were tested at room temperature and 60°C. The results showed the possibility of reducing soluble chlorine content of dusts at levels above 90%, with solid:liquid ratio up to 1: 0,43. It was also possible to generate concentrated salt solutions, reaching up to 20 wt% concentration of salts, at room temperature, without evaporation. These concentrate solutions are easily obtained and potentialize the application and future development of new technologies for recovery of electric arc furnace dust salts, especially potassium salts. The residual material with low chlorine content, has better quality and suitability for use as raw material in new or traditional recycling processes and incorporation in other materials.
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A impermanência do processo: poeira, caminhos, objetos / The process impermanence: dust, ways, objects

Cristiana Nogueira Menezes Gomes 27 March 2009 (has links)
Essa dissertação levanta um conjunto de questões relacionadas à reflexão do processo artístico. Focando em conceitos como poeira, melancolia, flânerie e memória, foi desenvolvido um diálogo entre Walter Benjamin, W.G. Sebald, Georges Perec, Susan Sontag, Georges Bataille e Giorgio Agamben e, também, foram pesquisados os trabalhos de Marcel Duchamp, Joseph Cornell e Robert Smithson. O texto é dividido em três momentos nos quais as principais questões são expandidas em fragmentos que consistem em proposições inseridas na arte contemporânea. Junto com o texto é apresentada uma série de imagens que pertencem ao conjunto de fotos que serão expostas durante a defesa / This dissertation raises a set of questions related to the reflection of the artistic process. Focusing on concepts like dust, melancholy, flânerie and memory, it was developed a dialogue among Walter Benjamin, W.G. Sebald, Georges Perec, Susan Sontag, Georges Bataille and Giorgio Agamben and also, the works from Marcel Duchamp, Joseph Cornell and Robert Smithson were researched. The text is divided in three moments, which the principal questions are expanded in fragments that consist in propositions inserted in the contemporary art. Along with the text is showed a series of images that belong to a set of photos that will be exposed during the presentation
550

Posouzení faktorů ovlivňujících koncentraci prachových částic při lisování píce

ŠŤASTNÝ, Vladislav January 2018 (has links)
The objective of this diploma thesis is to assess the factors affecting the concentration of dust particles during forage pressing. For this purpose, five presses for square bales and five presses for round bales were selected. They were harvesting different kinds of straw. Thanks to measurement using an aerosol monitor, the concentration of dust particles during the harvest was detected. The measured values were evaluated and the amount of concentration of the dust particles between the square and round bale presses was compared. There were also set the methodological steps of the measurement procedure.

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