Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de proposer plusieurs méthodes d'identi- fication non-supervisées des personnes présentes dans les flux télévisés à l'aide des noms écrits à l'écran. Comme l'utilisation de modèles biométriques pour reconnaître les personnes présentes dans de larges collections de vidéos est une solution peu viable sans connaissance a priori des personnes à identifier, plusieurs méthodes de l'état de l'art proposent d'employer d'autres sources d'informations pour obtenir le nom des personnes présentes. Ces méthodes utilisent principalement les noms prononcés comme source de noms. Cependant, on ne peut avoir qu'une faible confiance dans cette source en raison des erreurs de transcription ou de détection des noms et aussi à cause de la difficulté de savoir à qui fait référence un nom prononcé. Les noms écrits à l'écran dans les émissions de télévision ont été peu utilisés en raison de la difficulté à extraire ces noms dans des vidéos de mauvaise qualité. Toutefois, ces dernières années ont vu l'amélioration de la qualité des vidéos et de l'incrustation des textes à l'écran. Nous avons donc ré-évalué, dans cette thèse, l'utilisation de cette source de noms. Nous avons d'abord développé LOOV (pour Lig Overlaid OCR in Vidéo), un outil d'extraction des textes sur-imprimés à l'image dans les vidéos. Nous obtenons avec cet outil un taux d'erreur en caractères très faible. Ce qui nous permet d'avoir une confiance importante dans cette source de noms. Nous avons ensuite comparé les noms écrits et les noms prononcés dans leurs capacités à fournir le nom des personnes présentes dans les émissions de télévisions. Il en est ressorti que deux fois plus de personnes sont nommables par les noms écrits que par les noms prononcés extraits automatiquement. Un autre point important à noter est que l'association entre un nom et une personne est intrinsèquement plus simple pour les noms écrits que pour les noms prononcés. Cette très bonne source de noms nous a donc permis de développer plusieurs méthodes de nommage non-supervisé des personnes présentes dans les émissions de télévision. Nous avons commencé par des méthodes de nommage tardives où les noms sont propagés sur des clusters de locuteurs. Ces méthodes remettent plus ou moins en cause les choix fait lors du processus de regroupement des tours de parole en clusters de locuteurs. Nous avons ensuite proposé deux méthodes (le nommage intégré et le nommage précoce) qui intègrent de plus en plus l'information issue des noms écrits pendant le processus de regroupement. Pour identifier les personnes visibles, nous avons adapté la méthode de nommage précoce pour des clusters de visages. Enfin, nous avons aussi montré que cette méthode fonctionne aussi pour nommer des clusters multi-modaux voix-visage. Avec cette dernière méthode, qui nomme au cours d'un unique processus les tours de paroles et les visages, nous obtenons des résultats comparables aux meilleurs systèmes ayant concouru durant la première campagne d'évaluation REPERE.

The Sea Transport Documents Act, 65 of 2000, was a remedial statute intended to provide a solution to the problem of title to sue under the contract of carriage evidenced by sea transport documents. At common law a contract of carriage is not transferable. The contract of carriage is ordinarily concluded between the shipper and the carrier. The consignee lacks title to sue yet in terms of international sale contracts on C.I.F and F.O.B terms the consignee would be the person who stood to suffer the loss as risk in the goods passes from seller to buyer when the goods are loaded on board at the port of shipment. The Act provides a mechanism to transfer the contractual rights and liabilities with the transfer of the sea transport document. However section 2(2) restricts the application of the relevant provisions to documents that are ‘transferable or negotiable’. By custom of merchants bills of lading made out ‘to order’, and bearer bills of lading, are transferable and negotiable. However, straight bills of lading and sea waybills are made out to a named consignee only. These modern forms of sea transport document are increasingly popular and offer many advantages to traders and ocean carriers. Yet they are both regarded as non-negotiable. The dissertation examines the interpretation of the terms ‘transferable’ and ‘negotiable’ as they came to be applied to both negotiable instruments and bills of lading, and considers current academic and judicial opinion on the meaning of these terms. The provisions of the Sea Transport Documents Act are analysed, and compared to the remedies provided in the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1992 (United Kingdom), similar legislation in other commonwealth countries and the law in the United States and Europe. Finally alternative means of establishing title to sue, including the stipulatio alteri, are considered. / Theses (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

This Thesis will consider the development of the traditional bill of lading from its origins, which appear to be much older than previously considered, up to the present day. The development of the bill of lading will be examined in order to answer basic questions: what is a traditional bill of lading, and what functions does it perform. In Part I of the Thesis the development of the three main functions of the traditional bill will be considered, namely receipt, contract, document of title. It will conclude with observations on the nature of the traditional bill of lading and how it differs from the early form of the bill of lading. Part II of the Thesis will then consider the development and nature of related shipping documents (charterparty bills, received for shipment bills, non-transferable bills), how far these documents perform the functions of the traditional bill of lading, and whether they can be truly described as bills of lading. Part II will then go on to consider the development and nature of electronic bills of lading and assess how well such bills perform the functions of the traditional bill of lading. The Thesis will conclude that although most of the functions of the traditional bill are in effect performed by electronic bills, electronic bills are in fact a new type of bill of lading and not merely a traditional bill in an electronic format. Conclusions will then be drawn as to what effect the development of new types of bill of lading will have on the future of the traditional bill of lading in the maritime industry.

The purpose of this study was to to examine what teachers think about visual art and how the learning process in this subject does look like. To answer these issues, I made interviews with five teachers of visual art from different schools, and I examined several examples of pupils’ artworks. The stories of the teachers were analyzed in relation to governing documents and with assumptions from sociocultural theory, postmodernism and pedagogical - aesthetic research as theoretical point of view. By the qualitative interview method, the observations of the pupil’s artworks, and by the analysis of the interviews with the teachers, I have come to the conclusion that teachers think differently about art but they try to keep themselves in line with the national governing documents. Its affects aspects of disciplines, styles, techniques and medium that is exemplified by the pupil’s art works, and it points out similarities and differences between the pupil’s art works and between the teachers when teaching visual art.

In this study, we aim to analyze how the terms documentation and pedagogical documentation respectively are portrayed in the curriculum (skolverket 2010) as well as in the curriculum complementary material (skolverket 2012). The analysis is performed by use of critical discourse analysis. We used published research as a theoretical base to analyze the empirical data against. Our aim is to increase the understanding of how the terms documentation and pedagogical documentation are used in the various policy documents and what messages these documents relay concerning the aforementioned terms. We aim to give some answers to the following questions: How to interpret the term documentation in relation to the term pedagogical documentation. How to interpret the ways the terms are promoted in the policy documents.  We conclude that the term documentation is vastly more open to interpretation than the term pedagogical documentation. We note that the curriculum exclusively use the term documentation and stress the importance of using a variety of documentation forms. The complimentary curricular documents promoting pedagogical documentation also states the importance of a critical analysis the methods used in the documentation process. In spite of this there is no suggestions for alternative documentation procedures in the complimentary curricular documents. Rather, on the contrary, it relays the message that pedagogical documentation is the only valid method.

Les fonds d'archives forment de grandes quantités de documents difficiles à interpréter automatiquement : les approches classiques imposent un lourd effort de conception, sans parvenir à empêcher la production d'erreurs qu'il faut corriger après les traitements.Face à ces limites, notre travail vise à améliorer la processus d'interprétation, en conservant un fonctionnement page par page, et en lui apportant des informations contextuelles extraites du fonds documentaire ou fournies par des opérateurs humains.Nous proposons une extension ciblée de la description d'une page qui permet la mise en place systématique d'échanges entre le processus d'interprétation et son environnement. Un mécanisme global itératif gère l'apport progressif d'informations contextuelles à ce processus, ce qui améliore l'interprétation.L'utilisation de ces nouveaux outils pour le traitement de documents du XVIIIe siècle a montré qu'il était facile d'intégrer nos propositions à un système existant, que sa conception restait simple, et que l'effort de correction pouvait être diminué.

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The purpose of this thesis was to research the systems issues surrounding identity fraud in New Zealand. There is only limited published research on the topic, either at an academic or industry level. The New Zealand Government has been conducting work in identity fraud in recent times but New Zealand appears to be lagging behind other similar westernised countries in terms of developing specific identity fraud policy or legislative provisions. The research showed that New Zealand does have serious problems in its systems, which in some cases facilitate identity fraud. There is a lack of synchronicity between New Zealand Government systems which undermines a whole of government approach to minimising the risk of identity fraud. Issues in the private sector with identity fraud are just as serious, with financial advantage being one of the main reasons that identity fraud is committed. However, the lack of information sharing between the public and private sectors does not help stem the flow of identity fraud that is currently occurring. Finding policy solutions to combat identity fraud is far from being simplistic. Public policy in this area is fraught with social, political and financial implications. Identity fraud is committed with speed while public policy faces a slow battle with red tape. Nonetheless, the New Zealand Government does not even appear to categorically know what is happening on its own door step with respect to identity fraud. There are no statistics on identity fraud and no concrete figures as to the cost of identity fraud to New Zealand. To compound problems, identity fraud is not even an official offence classification so even when it is occurring, it is not always being recorded. The damage resulting from identity fraud can be catastrophic. Identity fraud is a breeder crime for other offences. It can enable an act of terrorism to occur, women and children to be trafficked, and organisations and individuals to suffer serious financial loss. In New Zealand however, the benefits of identity fraud can be great while the deterrents are weak. New Zealand faces potential harm to its international reputation if its systems are not strengthened to fight identity fraud. In order for this to occur, New Zealand needs to develop a specific identity fraud policy so that it has the basic knowledge in place to allocate the necessary resources to this problem.

The purpose of this thesis was to research the systems issues surrounding identity fraud in New Zealand. There is only limited published research on the topic, either at an academic or industry level. The New Zealand Government has been conducting work in identity fraud in recent times but New Zealand appears to be lagging behind other similar westernised countries in terms of developing specific identity fraud policy or legislative provisions. The research showed that New Zealand does have serious problems in its systems, which in some cases facilitate identity fraud. There is a lack of synchronicity between New Zealand Government systems which undermines a whole of government approach to minimising the risk of identity fraud. Issues in the private sector with identity fraud are just as serious, with financial advantage being one of the main reasons that identity fraud is committed. However, the lack of information sharing between the public and private sectors does not help stem the flow of identity fraud that is currently occurring. Finding policy solutions to combat identity fraud is far from being simplistic. Public policy in this area is fraught with social, political and financial implications. Identity fraud is committed with speed while public policy faces a slow battle with red tape. Nonetheless, the New Zealand Government does not even appear to categorically know what is happening on its own door step with respect to identity fraud. There are no statistics on identity fraud and no concrete figures as to the cost of identity fraud to New Zealand. To compound problems, identity fraud is not even an official offence classification so even when it is occurring, it is not always being recorded. The damage resulting from identity fraud can be catastrophic. Identity fraud is a breeder crime for other offences. It can enable an act of terrorism to occur, women and children to be trafficked, and organisations and individuals to suffer serious financial loss. In New Zealand however, the benefits of identity fraud can be great while the deterrents are weak. New Zealand faces potential harm to its international reputation if its systems are not strengthened to fight identity fraud. In order for this to occur, New Zealand needs to develop a specific identity fraud policy so that it has the basic knowledge in place to allocate the necessary resources to this problem.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Mike Burmester, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Computer Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 13, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 35 pages. Includes bibliographical references.