Thesis (M.Ed.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1980. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2795.

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Previous research has shown that sustainable development is a complex concept that can be difficult to apply in a teaching context. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the concept of sustainable development and education for sustainable development are formulated in school policy documents related to the five teachers' descriptions of how they practice it in reality. I have, based on the purpose of this study issued following questions: What are projected on sustainable development and education for sustainable development in the school curriculum as well as other documents that support school activities? What is included? What is not included? How does the teachers interpret the concept of sustainable development? How does the teachers say that they work with sustainable development in the subjects of social science? What difficulties does the teachers experience with education for sustainable development?  This study is made through a qualitative method based on a contextual analysis and interviews with five teachers. The results show that neither the documents nor the teachers' descriptions of education for sustainable development seem to indicate that sustainable development is seen as a political issue. Rather, the descriptions indicate that sustainable development is seen as a matter of ethics. In both the documents and the teachers' descriptions all levels of sustainable development i.e. local, national and international level are mentioned. Therefore, it is also described as a collective responsibility rather than an individual responsibility. In the teachers' descriptions of sustainable development the environmental dimension is mainly mentioned. The documents on the other hand emphasize all dimensions i.e. the social, economic and environmental. According to the documents these three should be balanced in order for sustainable development to be possible to achieve. Teachers' descriptions of how they work with sustainable development show a more clear vision of education for sustainable development as value mediation compared to what is written out in the documents. The steering documents also emphasize that knowledge of sustainable development is required to enable sustainable development. The difficulties that the teachers’ describe on education for sustainable development is mostly related to the complexity of the concept.  One conclusion of this study is that the documents and the teachers' descriptions of sustainable development and education for sustainable development are quite similar. This despite the few differences mentioned above and the fact that one teacher believes that the directives of the curriculum syllabus is a bit unclear in terms of sustainable development.

Les thèmes principaux abordés dans cette thèse sont l'utilisation de méthodes d'apprentissage actif et d'apprentissage profond dans le contexte du traitement de documents multimodaux. Les contributions proposées dans cette thèse abordent ces deux thèmes. Un système d'apprentissage actif a été introduit pour permettre une annotation plus efficace des émissions de télévision grâce à la propagation des étiquettes, à l'utilisation de données multimodales et à des stratégies de sélection efficaces. Plusieurs scénarios et expériences ont été envisagés dans le cadre de l'identification des personnes dans les vidéos, en prenant en compte l'utilisation de différentes modalités (telles que les visages, les segments de la parole et le texte superposé) et différentes stratégies de sélection. Le système complet a été validé au cours d'un ``test à blanc'' impliquant des annotateurs humains réels.Une deuxième contribution majeure a été l'étude et l'utilisation de l'apprentissage profond (en particulier les réseaux de neurones convolutifs) pour la recherche d'information dans les vidéos. Une étude exhaustive a été réalisée en utilisant différentes architectures de réseaux neuronaux et différentes techniques d'apprentissage telles que le réglage fin (fine-tuning) ou des classificateurs plus classiques comme les SVMs. Une comparaison a été faite entre les caractéristiques apprises (la sortie des réseaux neuronaux) et les caractéristiques plus classiques (``engineered features''). Malgré la performance inférieure des seconds, une fusion de ces deux types de caractéristiques augmente la performance globale.Enfin, l'utilisation d'un réseau neuronal convolutif pour l'identification des locuteurs à l'aide de spectrogrammes a été explorée. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus avec d'autres systèmes d'identification de locuteurs récents. Différentes approches de fusion ont également été testées. L'approche proposée a permis d'obtenir des résultats comparables à ceux certains des autres systèmes testés et a offert une augmentation de la performance lorsqu'elle est fusionnée avec la sortie du meilleur système. / The main topics of this thesis include the use of active learning-based methods and deep learning in the context of retrieval of multimodal documents. The contributions proposed during this thesis address both these topics. An active learning framework was introduced, which allows for a more efficient annotation of broadcast TV videos thanks to the propagation of labels, the use of multimodal data and selection strategies. Several different scenarios and experiments were considered in the context of person identification in videos, including using different modalities (such as faces, speech segments and overlaid text) and different selection strategies. The whole system was additionally validated in a dry run involving real human annotators.A second major contribution was the investigation and use of deep learning (in particular the convolutional neural network) for video retrieval. A comprehensive study was made using different neural network architectures and training techniques such as fine-tuning or using separate classifiers like SVM. A comparison was made between learned features (the output of neural networks) and engineered features. Despite the lower performance of the engineered features, fusion between these two types of features increases overall performance.Finally, the use of convolutional neural network for speaker identification using spectrograms is explored. The results are compared to other state-of-the-art speaker identification systems. Different fusion approaches are also tested. The proposed approach obtains comparable results to some of the other tested approaches and offers an increase in performance when fused with the output of the best system.

A presente pesquisa analisa o emprego de narrativas verbais como construtos ficcionais utilizados por artistas do campo visual através de seus trabalhos e documentações. Particularmente enfocam-se três aspectos desses escritos: quando se apresentam em forma autobiográfica; quando esta biografia é associada ao mundo histórico; e quando o artista torna-se autor de uma historiografia particular. Nesta investigação elegemos escritos considerados representativos dessas ocorrências enfocadas – entre eles os dos artistas Sophie Calle, Lucas Samaras, Ad Reinhardt, Joseph Beuys, Robert Morris e Jannis Kounellis. Através dessa análise, visa-se explanar algumas particularidades do gênero, tais como o que determina com que um escrito ficcional seja um trabalho do campo dito visual e não do literário; o porquê da escolha por parte dos artistas desse suporte como meio para suas significações; e por quais traços o meio verbal contagia um campo já usual à arte, o ficcional. / This research analyses the use of verbal narratives as fictional constructs by artists from the visual field, through the work of these artists and their documentation, particularly focusing in three aspects of these artist’s writings: as autobiographical, as biographical in relation to the historical world, and when the artist becomes the author of a particular art history. For investigating the subject it was selected a group of artists and artworks that could be considered representatives of these occurrences – as seen in writings from Sophie Calle, Lucas Samaras, Ad Reinhardt, Joseph Beuys, Robert Morris and Jannis Kounellis. The analysis explore questions as what would classifies a work of fiction within from the visual arts field instead of literary; why these artists chose this form of expression as medium for their significations; and how the verbal field influences the fictional in visual art.

L’intérêt de la présente recherche est d'étudier d’une manière générale les communications électroniques dans le commerce international, et puis à titre particulier d’interpeler les nouveaux défis qui relèveraient de l’utilisation des "documents transférables électroniques", en réfléchissant sur les différentes approches et les méthodes à adopter afin de remédier aux éventuelles déficiences technologiques, identifier puis combler les lacunes juridiques qui se révéler lors de ces échanges. Il s’agirait donc d’une enquête sur les questions juridiques liées à la création, à l’utilisation et à l’exécution du "document transférable électronique" ; il s’agit d’un terme crée par la CNUDCI, ce qui renvoie d’une manière générale à l’équivalent électronique d’un instrument transférable négociable ou d’un document titre. Nous identifions principalement les trois grands axes. Premièrement, la protection des données personnelles. Elle fait l’objet de plusieurs réformes législatives. La plus récente est le Règlement européen 2016/679 du 27 avril 2016 qui vise à promouvoir l’utilisation de l’outil informatique, tout en accordant la protection appropriée aux données à caractère personnel. Deuxièmement, l'exigence d’unicité d’un document transférable (« Garantie de singularité »). La garantie de l’unicité d’un document exige qu’il soit le seul qui existe ou bien, que toute copie soit clairement identifiable comme telle. Les conséquences éventuelles de la reproduction non autorisée de tout document transférable électronique donnant au porteur ou au bénéficiaire le droit de demander la remise de marchandises ou le paiement d’une somme d’argent rendent nécessaire l’élaboration de mécanismes pour garantir l’unicité de ces instruments. Troisièmement, la possession du ‘document transférable électronique’ et la notion de contrôle pour l’identification du porteur. Outre le traitement de la question de l’exigence de la singularité, la recherche d’un mécanisme fonctionnellement applicable et équivalent pour satisfaire à l’exigence de la possession matérielle du document papier constitue un défi majeur. Dans la plupart des modèles juridiques régissant les documents transférables électroniquement, la notion de “contrôle” d’un document électronique est utilisée en tant qu’équivalent fonctionnel de la possession ; cela signifie que la personne qui exerce le contrôle du document transférable électronique est considérée comme le porteur habilité à s’en prévaloir. Ces documents électroniques sont gérés par des prestataires de confiance qualifiés pour garantir leur sécurité. / The interest of this research is to study in general, the electronic communications in an international context, and then to focus on the ongoing challenges that occur on the field of "electronic transferable documents"; for this we shall perceive the methods that have been adopted for the purpose of using such documents, in order to prevent eventual technological deficiencies, identifying and filling the legal gaps revealed throughout our study of these new challenges.Therefore we shall comprehend and defy the legal boundaries, in order to create, use and transfer "electronic transferable documents". It is a pre-requisite to clearly identify the subject of this study, which is the term 'electronic transferable record, a concept created by UNCITRAL, which refers generally to ' Electronic equivalent of a transferable record (negotiable or non-negotiable) or a document of a legal right.We shall identify the three following main topics:I. The protection of personal data and privacy has been subject to several legislative reforms. The most recent one is the European Regulation 2016/679 dated April 27th, 2016. This reform aims to promote the use of the IT (Information Technology) tools, while granting the appropriate protection to the personal data. These electronic records are managed by qualified services providers.II. Requirement for uniqueness of the record ("Guarantee of uniqueness")The guarantee of the uniqueness of the document is to ensure that there is only one possible holder and owner of that document, as in the case of paper document, and that any copy is clearly identifiable as such. As a result of an unauthorized reproduction of any electronic transferable record, any such holder or beneficiary shall have the right to request delivery of goods or the payment of a certain sum of money; thus the need to insure the uniqueness of these electronic records.III. The possession of an electronic transferable record.In addition to the above, the need to identify a functional equivalent approach to satisfy the requirement of possession in the case of electronic transferable document, which is a major challenge.IV. Concept of control and identification of the holderIn most legal models governing electronic transferable records, the definition of "control" of an electronic document is used as a functional equivalent to possession. That is, the person who controls the electronic transferable record is deemed to be the holder and the one entitled to use it.

Este artículo sigue los flujos de documentación que se producen alrededor de un estudio técnico de ingeniería para la construcción de una vía de evitamiento por el pueblo de Ollantaytambo. En contraste con el énfasis de Max Weber sobre los documentos como instrumentos de racionalización y transparencia, y el enfoque más reciente sobre los documentos como artefactos estéticos e instancias institucionales, yo presto atención a las maneras en que los documentos se implican en la producción de lo político. Indico que los modos en que circulan, acumulando connotaciones múltiples mientras viajan, no generaban claridad, sino una indeterminación que se incrementaba, y sugiero que la calidad política de los documentos tiene que ver precisamente con su carácter dual, pues implican al mismo tiempo la normatividad (con su promesa de justicia y claridad) y el juego de intereses poco limpios. Su promesa dual de certidumbre y ambivalencia era clave para la apertura de espacios de disensión y posibilidad política en el proyecto. / This paper follows the political life of documents produced in relation to a World Bank-funded road engineering technical study in the Peruvian Andes. By contrast with Weber’s emphasis on documents as instruments of rationalisation and transparency, and the more recent focus on documents as aesthetic artefacts and instances of institutional form, I attend to the ambiguous political processes enacted through document flows. I suggest that the ways in which project documents circulated, accumulating multiple connotations as they travelled, generated not clarity, but rather increasing indeterminacy, arguing that their political quality had to do precisely with their dual character, calling up at once normativity (and its promise of justice and order) and the play of unscrupulous «interests». I argue that their dual promise of clarity and ambivalence was key to the opening up of spaces of political possibility in the project.

Este é um estudo antropológico sobre as experiências de imigrantes estrangeiros provenientes de países sul-americanos na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Ao observar as experiências de rupturas dessas pessoas, pretendo analisar como elas lidam com as situações do cotidiano em sua interação com cidadãos brasileiros e com as instituições nacionais. Focalizo nas questões relativas à obtenção e negociação do valor dos documentos como experiência de negociação de sua identidade. Nesse contexto, observo também quais são os aspectos relativos à representação do “estrangeiro” e do “imigrante” que atravessam tal negociação. Para tanto, torna-se necessário compreender o fenômeno migratório, as políticas migratórias nacionais e os discursos sobre o fenômeno migratório produzidos e reproduzidos por organizações que lidam com a questão migratória, dentro do contexto sócio-político de um jogo entre Estados-nacionais do qual o Brasil faz parte. Observarei quais são os atores envolvidos na negociação de políticas migratórias e como eles posicionam-se frente às experiências dos sujeitos que vivem cotidianamente o deslocamento. As narrativas dos sujeitos de pesquisa – imigrantes estrangeiros que em algum momento de sua trajetória estiveram na situação de precisar negociar sua entrada e permanência no Brasil – constituem o principal recurso das análises subseqüentes. / The following is na anthropological study of the experiences of immigrants from Southamerican countries in the metropolitan area of the city of Porto Alegre, in southern Brazil. Upon observing their experiences of rupture, I intend to analyze how they deal with everyday situations, as they interact with Brazilian citizens and institutions. Thus, it is necessary to understand the migratory phenomenon, the national immigration policies and the discourses about the migration that are produced and reproduced by the organizations that deal with the migration, within the socio-political context of a interaction among national states in which Brazil takes part. I observ which are the agents involved and how they positionate before the experiences of the subjects that go through displacement experiences in their everyday lives. The research subjects´narratives – foreing immigrants who were, at some moment during their lives, involved in the process of obtraining and negotiating their doccuments, - constitute hte main source for the subsequent analysis.

The topic of this diploma thesis is European Commission for Democracy through Law, i.e. Venice Commission, and its work. The Venice Commission is an advisory body on constitutional matters of the Council of Europe. The Commission provides legal advice to its member states in the fields of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether Venice Commission's human rights agenda makes a substantial contribution to the human rights protection and if it does, then in what ways, i.e. what means it uses and to what extent are they effective. This diploma thesis is divided into seven parts, which are then further subdivided into chapters. In Part 1, the Venice Commission is introduced - with an emphasis on its structure and members. The following part continues to describe the different types of Venice Commission's activities and authored documents. In these documents, the Venice Commission provides states with legal advice on how to unify their legislation with the European standards of human rights protection. Part 3 records the 30-year development of this international body. In the next parts, the work focuses on the Venice Commission's activity in Europe and other regions. The text analyzes which systems of human rights protection are deployed in different...

O presente estudo se propõe a investigar os trabalhos que venho realizando nos últimos anos, sempre abordando questões da cidade e do nela habitar por intermédio de intervenções e ações artísticas que utilizam os meios e códigos da publicidade. São trabalhos inseridos na esfera pública e planejados para iludir o observador por meio da simulação de imagens e elementos comerciais e que, em um primeiro momento, não se apresentam como objeto artístico. Iludem para esclarecer, na medida em que simulam eventos do cotidiano levados ao extremo, procurando explorar tensões e evidenciar os conflitos por trás dos fatos. Da mesma forma, são intervenções que não existem como um objeto isolado, mas se constituem de um conjunto de situações que ocorrem dentro de um espaço-tempo específico: uma vez realizados, o que fica é seu documento. Na dissertação, busco referências de autores que pensam a cidade contemporânea e os “espaços de aparição” do indivíduo, nas palavras de Hannah Arendt, bem como de artistas que refletem sobre os mesmos temas em suas próprias produções, como Antoni Muntadas, Cildo Meireles, os coletivos 3NÓS3 e Contrafilé, entre outros criadores que atuam nos limites da arte como veículo. Por fim, divago se o dissenso proporcionado pela arte possui potência para criar espaços de visibilidade e afirmação sociais, ao estimular a reflexão crítica. / The present study proposes to investigate the work I have been developing over recent years, always addressing issues of the city and of inhabiting it in the form of art interventions using the means and codes of advertising. These are works inserted in the public sphere and planned to deceive the observer by simulating images and commercial elements and, at first sight, do not appear like an art object. They deceive to clarify, insofar as they simulate events of daily life driven to the limit, trying to explore tensions and to show the conflicts behind the facts. In the same way, they are interventions that do not exist as an isolated object, but constitute a set of situations that occur within a specific space-time: once performed, they left only their imprinted records. In this dissertation, I search references from authors who think of the contemporary city and the “spaces of appearance” of the individual, in the words of Hannah Arendt, as well as of artists who reflect on the same themes in their own productions, such as Antoni Muntadas, Cildo Meireles, the collectives 3NÓS3 and Contrafilé, among other creators who act in the limits of art like vehicle. Finally, I speculate if the dissent provided by art has the power to create spaces of social visibility and affirmation by stimulating critical reflection.