La presente investigación propone un procedimiento general de análisis para edificios altos sobre la base de los requerimientos de la Norma Peruana E.030. Primero, se realiza la configuración estructural de los edificios, se define el número de edificios y la cantidad de niveles, así como el sistema estructural predominante. Luego, se definen las características de los materiales, las cargas y las combinaciones. Los casos de estudio que se desarrollan se basan en edificaciones altas peruanas existentes como el Hotel Westin Libertador y el Banco de la Nación. Para la configuración estructural se utilizó el sistema estructural de núcleo rígido debido a su gran versatilidad y funcionalidad. Después, se describen los métodos de análisis de estructuras altas y se procede con el análisis de la verificación de derivas y realizar una comparación de la cortante en la base mediante el análisis estático, análisis dinámico modal espectral y análisis lineal tiempo historia. Para el análisis tiempo historia se empleó 5 registros peruanos espectro compatible, mientras que para el diseño de las placas de concreto armado se usó el análisis modal espectral. / Abstract. Currently, there is an increase in the demand for tall buildings in the city of Lima. This research proposes to reduce the dynamic amplification factor through the seismic design of tall buildings based on the requirements of Peruvian code considering that they are regular in plan and height. Mini-mum base shear values according to the comparison of static seismic shear and dynamic shear from spectral modal analysis were reviewed for cases of buildings larger than 120 meters. The study of 28 reinforced concrete build-ings was proposed, with different heights - varying from 24 to 36 floors, with different floor configurations, as well as the arrangement of the walls considering as a rigid core structural system. Additionally, the characteristics of the materials, the loads and combinations were defined. The responses of these buildings were determined by the response spectrum analysis (RSA) and then compared with those obtained by the lineal response history analy-sis (LRHA), for the last analysis, five Peruvian seismic records were used and scaled to 0.45g. The seismic responses of the LRHA procedure were taken as benchmark. The result of this study is the analysis and proposal of the C / R factor for high-rise buildings, as well as obtaining the base shear and drift verification. Minimum base shear values can be reduced for high or long-term buildings, being regular in plan and height. / Trabajo de investigación

A computer program for the analysis of loads on buildings is developed. The program determines wind loads, earthquake loads, and snow loads according to the ASCE 7-93 Standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7-93). The program is developed using the object-oriented programming methodology and runs on the Microsoft Windows 95 graphical environment. It is a valuable and useful tool for determining loads on buildings. / Master of Engineering

The region of West Bohemia/Vogtland in the Czech–German border area is well known for the repeated occurrence of earthquake swarms, CO2 emanations and mofette fields. To deepen the understanding of these phenomena local earthquake tomography of the Vp and Vp/Vs structure and attenuation tomography are carried out in this study. In comparison with previous investigations the travel time tomography revealed more details of the near-surface geology, potential fluid pathways and features around and below the swarm focal zone. In the uppermost crust, for the first time the Cheb basin and the Bublák/Hartoušov mofette fields were imaged as distinct anomalies of Vp and Vp/Vs. The well-pronounced low-Vp anomaly of the Cheb basin is not continuing into the Eger rift indicating a particular role of the basin within the rift system. A steep channel of increased Vp/Vs is interpreted as the pathway for fluids ascending from the earthquake swarm focal zone up to the Bublák/Hartoušov mofette fields. As a new feature, a mid-crustal body of high Vp and increased Vp/Vs is revealed just below and north of the earthquake swarm focal zone. It may represent a solidified intrusive body which emplaced prior or during the formation of the rift system. The enhanced fluid flow into the focal zone and triggering of earthquakes could be driven by the presence of the intrusive body if cooling is not fully completed. The assumed intrusive structure is considered as a heterogeneity leading to higher stress particularly at the junction of the rift system with the basin and prominent fault structures. This may additionally contribute to the triggering of earthquakes. The three-dimensional (3-D) P-wave attenuation (Qp) model for West Bohemia is the first of its kind. Path-averaged attenuation t * is calculated from amplitude spectra of time windows around the P-wave arrivals of local earthquakes. Average value or Qp for stations close to Nový Kostel are very low (< 150) compared to that of stations located further away from the focal zone (increases up to 500 within 80 km distance). The SIMUL2000 tomography scheme is used to invert the t * for P-wave attenuation perturbation. Analysis of resolution shows that the model is wellresolved in the vicinity of earthquake swarm hypocenters. The prominent features of the model are located around Nový Kostel focal zone and its northern vicinity. Beneath Nový Kostel a vertically stretched (down to depth of 11 km) and a highly attenuating body is observed. This might be due to fracturing and high density of cracks inside the weak earthquake swarm zone in conjunction with presence of free gas/fluid. Further north of Nový Kostel two high attenuating body are located at depths between 2 to 8 km which can represents trapped laterally distributed fluids. The eastern anomaly shows a good correlation with the fluid accumulation area which was suggested in 9HR seismic profile.

In Sachsen liegt der Schwerpunkt der seismischen Aktivität im westsächsisch-ostthüringischen Raum. Ausgehend vom Vogtland verläuft die erdbebengefährdete Zone über das Gebiet von Zwickau und Gera-Ronneburg bis in den Raum von Leipzig. Die Broschüre fasst die Ergebnisse der Erdbebenbeobachtung in Sachsen bzw. Mitteldeutschland im Zeitraum 2010-2012 zusammen und berichtet über die Arbeit des Seismologie-Verbundes. Dargestellt wird auch der Erdbebenschwarm im August/September 2012. Weitere Schwerpunkte bilden die Beschreibung der seismologischen Netze (SXNET und TSN) in Mitteldeutschland und ein Überblick über die Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiet der Seismohydrologie zur Erdbebenprognose im Vogtland.

No description available.

High magnitude earthquakes have devastating effects that leads to severe human and material losses; when affecting concrete gravity dams, seisms devastate the surrounding habitat through sudden release of reservoir. Dam safety is therefore a significant issue to be accounted in order to prevent the failure of dams located in seismic regions. The Baozhusi dam, the case study of this thesis, was exposed to 8.0 Ms (at the Mercalli scale) Wenchuan earthquake 2008 with intensity of (0.148 g) at the dam site. The earthquake intensity exceeded the design level of the dam (0.1 g); yet, the Baozhusi dam was not severely damaged as showed by tests. The present study case is a modeling and analyzing of the dynamical behavior of the Baozhusi dam during the earthquake duration. The results show that the horizontal component of the ground motion predominate the dynamic response of the dam. It is confirmed that the horizontal component of the ground motion crossed the dam at its axis and therefore minimizing the damages on the concrete gravity dam.

No description available.

Remote sensing has been widely used in disaster management. However, application of optical imageries in damage detection is not always feasible for immediate damage assessment. In the case of the Sichuan earthquake in 2008, the damaged areas were covered by cloud and fog for most of the time. The all weather SAR imageries could instead provide information of the damaged area. Therefore, more efforts are needed to explore the usability of SAR data. In regards to this purpose, this research focuses on studying the ability of using various SAR data in damage identification through image classification, and furthermore the effectiveness of fusion of various sensors in classification is evaluated.   Three different types of SAR imagery were acquired over the heavily damaged zone Qushan town in the Sichuan earthquake. The 3 types of SAR data are ALOS PALSAR L-band, RADARSAT-1 C-band and the TerraSAR-X X- band imageries.   Maximum likelihood classification method is applied on the imageries.  Four classes: Water, collapsed area, built-up area and landslide area are defined in the study area. The ability of each band in identifying these four classes is studied and the overall classification accuracy is analysed. Furthermore, fusion of these 3 types of imageries is performed and the effectiveness and accuracy of image fusion classification are evaluated.   The results show that classification accuracy from individual SAR imagery is not ideal. The overall accuracy which PALSAR gives is 30.383%, RADARSAT-1 is 31.268% while TerraSAR-X only achieves 37.168%. Accuracy statistics demonstrate that TerraSAR-X performs the best in classifying these four classes.   SAR image fusion shows a better classification result. Double image fusion of PALSAR and RADARSAT-1, PALSAR and TerraSAR-X, and RADARSAT-1 and TerraSAR-X give an overall classification accuracy of 41.88%, 42.478% and 37.758% respectively. The result from triple image fusion even reaches 52.507%. They are all higher than the result given by the individual images.   The study illustrates that the VHR TerraSAR X band SAR data has a higher ability in classification of damages, and fusion of different band can improve the classification accuracy.

When natural disasters such as earthquakes happen, there is a need for an efficient method to support humanitarian aid organizations in the decision making process. One such decision is placement of Foreign Field Hospitals to assist with medical help.To support such a decision lots of different information and data needs to be gathered and combined. The main objectives of this thesis are to collect existing data published shortly after the earthquake in Haiti 2010 as well as data published up to two months after the earthquake. The data is then to be evaluated according to adequacy for analysis and the result of the analysis to be compared to the actual placements of the field hospitals after the 2010 earthquake.The method used in this analysis is Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE). Data regarding population, elevation, roads, land use, damage, climate, water, health facility locations and airport location are collected and weighted relative with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with weights retrieved from a questionnaire sent out to Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and countries involved in the disaster relief. The result obtained from the MCE is a final suitability map depicting areas that are suitable according to the different factors.The data availability for the thesis project is an issue, due to lack of data published shortly after the earthquake. Some of the data used in the analysis do not have the sufficient detail level. Still, an analysis can be performed where suitable areas are obtained.The suitable locations found in the analysis agree well in most cases with where the actual FFHs are placed, however a few locations are not in proximity to where the suitable areas lie. A few of the locations were located in areas exposed to frequently floods. Even though the data availability and quality leaves things to desire, the analysis method shows promising results for future research. The approach could help aggregating information from different sources and provide support in pre-dispatch organization, already having a set of suitable locations to arrive to.

Wood-framed buildings have generally performed well during earthquake events, resulting in low fatality levels. However, various degrees of damage is still observed in these buildings during previous earthquakes. Lessons learned from the performance of wood frame construction in these earthquakes is led to an improvement in the design codes and construction practices over the past decades. But, the existing buildings are still vulnerable, since they were designed based on the older codes or constructed using old construction practices. Wood frame construction is the most common construction type in Canada, especially for single family dwellings. Most of these buildings are old, built prior to any modern seismic requirement, and have not been retrofitted against the damaging effects of earthquakes. Therefore, with a number of Canadians living in areas of high or moderate earthquake risk, there is a need to develop tools to assess the seismic vulnerability of the exiting wood-framed buildings in Canada. In the following thesis, a risk-based visual seismic assessment model and a screening tool (CanRisk) is developed, to assess the seismic vulnerability of existing wood frame construction in Canada. The model is dependent on the seismic hazard, building vulnerability, and building importance/exposure, which are integrated using hierarchical fuzzy rule based modeling. In the proposed seismic assessment model, fuzzy logic is used as a computing technique to capture the vagueness and uncertainty of a seismic vulnerability assessment, caused by subjectivity involved in the evaluation process. The hierarchical fuzzy rule based modeling used in this seismic assessment method is implemented in a prototype Matlab based program (CanRisk), which incorporates the Canadian seismic design practice based on the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and the Canadian site seismic hazard. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to test and verify the seismic assessment model and investigate the effects of various parameters on the outcome of the assessment. Also, in a case study, selected wood-framed buildings located in the city of Ottawa are evaluated using CanRisk, to demonstrate the applicability of the program.