The attitudes, perceptions and environmentally responsible behaviour of delegates (tourists) at the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP 17) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an area in which little or no academic research was undertaken from an academic, tourism perspective. This dissertation presents the results of a Green Survey undertaken during this climate change conference, focusing on the attitudes, perceptions and responsible practices of delegates in order to obtain a better understanding of tourism related impacts. Forms of tourism used as the conceptual basis were MICE, event tourism, sustainable tourism and responsible tourism integrated with socio-psychological behavioural theories. COP 17 was held in Durban (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) from the 28 November to 8 December, 2011 over 14 days. It was one of the many high-level international meetings on climate change, sustainable development and biodiversity conservation. Delegates involved in the formal discussions included representatives of the world's governments, international organisations and civil society. Several thousand attendees (visitors and local residents) participated in separate discussions and events organised by civil society to highlight environmental and climate injustices and the concerns of the poor. Interviews were conducted at the conference venues, where COP 17 was held, that is, the Inkosi Albert Luthuli International Convention Centre (ICC). The study endeavoured to understand the socio-economic and demographic profile of delegates. An additional objective was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of delegates on various environmental issues related to climate change and its impact on tourism. An attempt was also made to determine whether there were any significant relationships between socio- demographic variables, knowledge and attitudes/ perceptions, and the behaviour of delegates. A structured questionnaire survey of 825 official delegates was undertaken and face-to-face interviews were conducted. The research survey used a non-probability, purposive, spatially-based systematic sampling techniques. The interviews were conducted in the ICC precinct (open spaces) and the first delegate was purposively selected. Subsequently, every fifteenth respondent was interviewed. The results indicate that despite delegates’ awareness of environmental best practices and having a good knowledge of environmental issues, there was inconsistency in behaviour due to a range of factors such as situational, internal and external aspects. Moreover, there was a gap in environmental behaviour practiced at home and whilst travelling. The majority of the delegates agreed that COP 17 had major environmental impacts in terms of energy consumption, air pollution, solid waste and overconsumption of water. Most respondents also stated that they engaged in environmentally responsible practices sometimes or always. It was also found that education had a significant relationship (p=0.000) on all environmental best practices whilst age and gender was only related to certain best practices. Additionally, knowledge of a few environment issues was significantly related to certain environmental best practices. Lastly, age was strongly related to the most number of behavioural practices and knowledge had significant relationships to numerous behavioural practices at home and while at the tourist destination. The study shows that socio-demographic variables, such as level of education, were important determinants of COP 17 delegates’ attitudes and environmentally friendly practices whilst traveling and at home. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

The settlement history of the Vredefort Dome can be described as a process of cultural development. The Vaal River hydrosphere, which was for many years a prestigious settlement site, initially attracted large scale game and later livestock farmers. The drifts were a central part of a network of early strategic communication routes and outspans. From 1838, pioneer settlement, farm occupation and agricultural development followed, and the area eventually entered an agriculture-mining era. Gold-mining stimulated the regional economy and also played a significant role in the development of towns in the area. The Vaal River did not play a significant role from a mining perspective, but featured more prominently in the development of villages and, in a sense, served as a political boundary. The location of the water source often determined where people settled permanently. It also decided the position of the house and yard. From the outset, riparian dwellers attempted to manipulate the flow of the river by creating dams and utilising water for irrigation and domestic purposes. Drought conditions also left historical traces; water management projects upstream transformed the Vaal River into a steadily flowing stream, which led to the economic and cultural segregation of north and south. Man's fear associated with drought (too little water), floods (too much water), meteorology (the necessity of water), and the role of the supernatural (divining water) and superstition (the water snake stories) were expressed in the interaction between people and this water environment. A wide variety of people with distinct cultures lived alongside each other in the area. Western and African cultural goods, as well as customs and beliefs, were mutually adopted by these different cultural groups as a result of this contact. The way land has been used in the Dome area has evolved over the years. The culling of game made way for the permanent establishment of the livestocktravelling farmer. Hereafter prolonged drought conditions destroyed pastures and, consequently, large areas of land were ploughed for agricultural use. Agriculture, which is more labour intensive and needs more water for irrigation, was replaced by game farming, which is less labour intensive and requires less water This world heritage site has drawn global interest and ecotourism has attracted visitors to the Vaal River area. The riparian dwellers, however, remain victims of up-stream industrial and sewage pollution; in future, they are likely to fall prey to acid mine water pollution, with disastrous consequences. / PhD (History), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

The Sumatra-Andaman tsunami, which devastated countries bordering the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004, resulted in an unprecedented loss of human life and property. In Thailand, the beach resort area of Khao Lak suffered the most severe damage. The period of recovery and rebuilding following this tragedy offers ample opportunities to develop more sustainable forms of tourism, such as ecotourism. This study set out to gain an enhanced understanding of tourist markets and visitor experiences in Khao Lak one year after the tsunami. Two main tourist types, beach resort tourists and volunteer tourists, were identified after an initial period of familiarization with the site. The dominant presence of volunteer tourists in Khao Lak one year after the tsunami was a surprising finding. Motivations, trip characteristics, and demographics of tourists were collected through targeted surveys. The importance of ecotourism principles was explored in order to assess interest and potential demand for ecotourism experiences. The results show that beach resort and volunteer tourists differ significantly in several respects. Volunteers are more likely to travel to Khao Lak alone and stay for longer periods of time. Beach resort tourists tend to be older and less formally educated than volunteers. Importance-Performance Analysis was conduced on travel motivations and satisfactions. Overall, respondents were very satisfied with push and pull reasons for visiting Khao Lak, and no immediate management action is warranted. Volunteers were motivated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Volunteers want to assist with post-tsunami recovery, but they also want to gain personal development rewards. A factor analysis was performed on the importance of 12 ecotourism principles, drawn from supporting literature. The loadings of each sample produced a 3-factor solution labeled 1) nature 2) stewardship and 3) local culture. Segmentation analysis grouped respondents into ecotourists, semi-ecotourists, and non-ecotourists. Ecotourists are respondents that relate high importance to all 3 factors. Semi-ecotourists score high in 1 or 2 factors, and non-ecotourists attach low importance to all factors. The distribution of respondents in each tourist segment does not differ between the beach resort and volunteer sample. Several motivations related to natural features and activities in the destination environment are more important to ecotourists than non-ecotourists. However, there are few differences in trip or demographic characteristics among segments. In the beach sample, non-ecotourists are less likely to have a university education than ecotourists. In the volunteer sample, ecotourists are more likely to be younger, under 35 years of age. About one third of respondents in each sample are identified as ecotourists, and just over half are semi-ecotourists. This suggests that there is strong demand for ecotourism among international visitors to Khao Lak. Established protected areas such as nearby Khao Lak-Lum Ru National Park may offer venues for future ecotourism development.

Over-fishing and poor resource management in the northwest Atlantic have led to a drastic decline in the fishery, forcing many communities in eastern Canada to turn to new sources of livelihood. Residents on the Lower North Shore of Quebec are responding to the fisheries crisis by identifying alternative economic development strategies, including a small scale ecotourism industry centred around some of the oldest seabird sanctuaries in North America. Policy makers and communities hope that this type of tourism will generate revenue and employment while also protecting the natural areas upon which local residents depend. Unfortunately, little is known at this time about the ability of ecotourism to live up to this promise. In this context, the central goal of this thesis is to examine the feasibility ecotourism to act as a mechanism for sustainable economic development In order to meet this objective, this research draws upon and refines past attempts by geographers to grapple with the links between the tourism industry and destination development. The thesis shows that the dominant theoretical frameworks of the 1980s cannot provide us with an adequate understanding of the rapidly evolving tourism industry and its role in regional development processes and protected area management. Instead, this thesis adopts post-Fordist theories of tourism development to conduct a microscale analysis on the impacts and underlying structure of the ecotourism industry and its linkages to protected areas and local communities in the region. By synthesizing quantitative and qualitative evidence in the realist tradition, a systematic methodology is generated to argue that a bottom-up, multi-scale network approach provides the greatest potential for promoting more sustainable forms of tourism development.

Puerto Rico has been a United States territory since 1898. Since then, our identity and culture has been threatened by the impositions of the colonizer. The so-called “identity crisis” caused by the relationship with the U.S. government, is felt not only at a personal level, but also in our economy, politics and sociability. With the theme Decolonizing Architecture I explore our condition of colony, the struggles of the Puerto Rican people in favor of our emancipation and the role of architecture and memory to transcend our insular circumstance. My thesis focuses on the island of Vieques, a Puerto Rican Municipality that was invaded in 1941 by the U.S. Navy. The navy expropriated 2/3 of the island. The East was used as a weapons training facility and the West for ammunition storage. The Viequense community, of approximately 10,000 inhabitants, was left in the middle of training zones for war. In 2003, after more than five decades of relentless bombings and the many protests and civil disobedience acts against it from the local community, Puerto Ricans from the main island and in the diaspora, the navy withdrew from Vieques. Currently the previous Live Impact Area on the East side of Vieques is inaccessible due to cleanup from contamination but the land can be used to provide a renewable source of energy that would benefit the municipality. The intervention in the West is located on the former Naval Ammunition Storage Detachment where hundreds of abandoned bunkers are located. These bunkers will be rehabilitated to promote eco-tourism, to provide a space in memory of those who have died at the hands of the navy, and to commemorate Vieques’ triumph. The design proposal is my approach on how to return the land to the community. With this thesis I intend to recognize the collective memory of a people who are still struggling to control their destiny. We should never forget how the Viequenses got together and fought to defend their land and their dignity against the most powerful military in the world; in hopes that the rest of Puerto Ricans can someday understand Vieques as the beggining of the end of colonization.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rural tourism and agritourism are in their infant stages in South Africa. It benefits the farmer, the local community, the rural area, the tourist and the country. It is therefore a viable option but requires more research, management, planning and control for it to be successful. Many agritourism ventures are not as successful as they should be. The problem is that farmers/landowners do not research the demand for tourist products before they deliver them and do not know whom they are catering for. To stay competitive, the tourists' characteristics ought to be understood. This would provide insight into what facilities and services to supply, what resources to utilise and how to promote the agritourism destination. The aim of this study was to segment the potential and practising agritourists into different clusters, according to their preferences, and to investigate the clusters' characteristics and behaviours. The objectives were to: 1. Investigate the potential and practising agritourists' socio-economic, demographic and travel characteristics. 2. Rate all the attractions, activities and services according to their popularity. 3. Clarify the preferences of these tourists, concerning attractions and activities, by combining similar ones. 4. Divide the tourists into clusters of similar preferences. 5. Compare the socio-economic, demographic and travel characteristics of the different clusters of tourists. 6. Produce a set of guidelines for entrepreneurs/farmers/landowners, as to what tourist products they should supply or develop, and for whom, and how they should market them. This study entailed distributing questionnaires to potential and practising agritourists at shopping centres and farms involved in agritouri'swimming', 'picnicking', 'scenic drives', 'dams/lakes/pans' and 'small game' were the most popular agritourism attractions and activities. Factor analysis was used to reduce the number of variables by combining like variables (attractions) and cluster analysis was utilised to segment the respondents into five clusters of tourists with similar preferences for agritourism attractions and activities. Cross tabulation, frequencies and descriptive statistics were used to describe these different clusters. These groups of tourists were described according to their demographic, socio-economic and travel characteristics. Segmenting tourism markets and compiling profiles of the tourists within each sub-market has proved to be advantageous. Once the demands of the tourists are known, the appropriate facilities and number of facilities can be developed. Knowing who the tourists are and where to target them, will lead to better marketing, planning and promotion of the destination. Customer satisfaction will be increased, as it is known exactly who must be catered for, thereby resulting in repeat visits. The five clusters of tourists were: 'general nature tourists'; 'urban tourists'; 'hard outdoor adventure tourists'; 'visual or soft outdoor adventure tourists'; and 'agritourists'. All these tourists, except 'urban tourists', are excellent potential agritourists. The results of this study were used to compile guidelines for entrepreneurs. These guidelines could help them in deciding who to target (which clusters), what agritourism products to develop (attractions, activities and services) and how to market them (means of advertising). Appropriate accommodation types and the availability of equipment and facilities for activities also act as attractions. This study demonstrates an inexpensive method of gathering information about tourists, thereby improving marketing and planning approaches. It illustrates how the potential and practising agritourists can be divided into sub-markets. The agritourism market is a heterogeneous market and must therefore be segmented. Any entrepreneur can use the results of this market segmentation. Any future studies, similar to this one, could consist of a sample much larger. As this study was primarily based in the Western Cape, similar research should be executed in other distinct regions. It would be illuminating to see how the groups of agritourists vary according to geographical areas. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landelike en agritoerisme is in hulontluikende fase in Suid-Afrika. Dit bevoordeel die boer, die plaaslike gemeenskap, die landelike streek, die toeris en die land. Dit is 'n lewensvatbare opsie maar benodig meer navorsing, bestuur, beplanning en beheer om suksesvol te wees. Baie agritoerisme ondernemings is nie so geslaagd as wat dit kan wees nie. Die probleem is dat die boere/grondeienaars nie die nodige navorsing doen omtrent die aanvraag na 'n produk voordat hul dit aanbied nie, en weet ook nie watter toerismesegment hul wil bevredig nie. Om mededingend te bly moet die toeris se eienskappe verstaan word. Dit sal insae gee in watter fasiliteite en dienste om te voorsien, asook watter bronne om te benut om die agritoerismedestinasie te promoveer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om potensiële en praktiserende agritoeriste te groepeer in verskillende segmente volgens hulle voorkeure en groeps gedrag. Die doelwitte was om: 1. Potensiële en praktiserende agritoeriste se sosio-ekonomiese, demografiese en reiseienskappe te ondersoek. 2. Die rangorde van attraksies, aktiwiteite en dienste volgens gewildheid te bepaal. 3. Voorkeure van toeriste aangaande attraksies en aktiwiteite te bepaal deur gelyksoortige groeperings te kombineer. 4. Toeriste in trosgroepe met gelyksoortige voorkeure te verdeel. 5. Die sosio-ekonomiese, demografiese en reiseienskappe van verskillende toeristetrosgroepe te vergelyk. 6. Riglyne vir ondernemers/boere/grondeienaars te formuleer vir watter toeristeprodukte hul behoort te verskaf of ontwikkel en aan wie en hoe hul dit behoort te bemark. Hierdie studie het die verspreiding van vraelyste aan potensiële en praktiserende agritoeriste in winkelsentrums en plase, betrokke by agritoerisme, behels. Die vraelyste het informasie oor potensiële en praktiserende agritoeriste verskaf Een-honderd en agt vraelyste was voltooi. Die respondente het aangedui dat 'berge', 'watervalle', 'riviere', 'grootwild', 'swem', 'pieknieks', 'natuurskoonplesierritte' , 'damme/mere/panne' en 'kleinwild' die gewildste agritoerisme attraksies en aktiwiteite is. Faktoranalise is gebruik om die getal verandelikes te verminder deur soortgelyke verandelikes (attraksies) te kombineer en trosanalise te gebruik om die respondente te segmenteer in vyf trosgroepe toeriste met gelyksoortige voorkeure vir agritoerisme attraksies en aktiwiteite. Kruistabulering, frekwensies en beskrywende statistiek was gebruik om hierdie verskillende trosse te beskryf volgens hul demografiese, sosio-ekonomiese en reiseienskappe. Segmentering van die toerismemark en die saamstel van profiele van die toeriste binne elke sub-mark is voordelig bevind. As die vereistes van die toeriste bekend is, kan die gepaste fasiliteite en aantal fasiliteite ontwikkel word. Om te weet wie die toeriste is en waar om hulle te teiken sal tot beter bemarking, beplanning en promosie van die destinasie lei. Kliëntbevrediging sal toeneem, omdat ondernemers presies weet wie om te bevredig en dit sal herhaalde besoeke tot gevolg hê. Die vyf trosgroepe toeriste was: 'algemene natuurtoeriste'; 'stedelike toeriste'; 'ekstreme buitelug avontuurtoeriste' ; 'visuele of nie-ekstreme buitelug avontuurtoeriste' ; en 'agritoeriste'. Al die toeriste behalwe stedelike toeriste is uitstekende potensiële agritoeriste. Die resultate van hierdie studie is gebruik om riglyne vir ondernemers te kompileer. Hierdie riglyne kan hul help om te besluit wie om te teiken (watter trosse), watter agritoerisme produkte om te ontwikkel (attraksies, aktiwiteite en dienste) en hoe om dit te bemark (wyse van advertensie). Toepaslike akkommodasie en die beskikbaarheid van toerusting en fasiliteite vir aktiwiteite dien ook as attraksies. Hierdie studie demonstreer 'n ekonomiese manier om informasie omtrent toeriste in te win, om bemarking en beplanning te verbeter. Dit illustreer hoe die potensiële en praktiserende agritoeris ook in sub-markte ingedeel kan word. Die agritoerisme mark is 'n heterogenemark en moet dus gesegmenteer word. Enige ontwikkelaar kan die resultate van hierdie marksegmentasie gebruik. Soortgelyke navorsing behoort in die toekoms op 'n groter steekproef gedoen word. Omdat hierdie studie hoofsaaklik in die Wes-Kaap gebaseer was, behoort soortgelyke navorsing in ander bepaalde streke uitgevoer te word. Dit sal insiggewend wees om te sien hoe die groepe agritoeriste volgens geografiese streke varieer.

A study was carried out in Canela, RS, including the application of instruments which evaluated the characteristics of the receiving region, the tourist profile, Canela s National Forest evaluation by the tourists the area around the FLONA and the National Forest area itself, with the objectives of evaluating the social function of this Unit of Conservation and its use a subsidy to ecotourism and environmental education. The methodology was based on the evaluation of 14 instruments, applied in eight phases of data collection. The results confirmed the vocation of Canela for tourism, based on its hotel infrastructure, food and drink, as well as furniture, chocolate and handcraft industries. The high season tourists (July and December) possess higher socio economic and cultural standards of living than the low season tourists (October and February). The area around Canela s National Forest formed by the Ulisses de Abreu uptown presented a neighborhood population formed by employed heads of the family, resident in the houses wooden, with a young family nucleus, due to the numbers of children present. The tourist was considered attraction to be its good accesses and regular signaling. Canela National Forest was appointed as a protected area with touristic potential. The evaluation of the Forest landscape by the tourists, in four periods, through landscape substitutes, demonstrated distinct differences of perception formed by two groups, the first of women and male teenagers, between 15-20 years old, and the second group, formed by the other men. The analysis of the view of twenty-two sub-landscapes proved to be the same multiples with half-limited reach and perception of the landscape determined three factors in the landscape perception such as, the factor, of scenery including the water and the scenic background, the anthropic factor, constituted by human performances and the color and the vegetation factor. The Visitors Center of Canela s National Forest registered the presence of visitors who were, in the majority, students and professors, from the Rio Grande do Sul state. The Forest structure showed deficiencies in technical staff, in its infrastructure and in the Visitors Centre. The Veado Track located in the interior of the Forest presented an inferior number of attractions in relation to the initial proposal, and these were found to be lacking in signaling. In the visual quality of the elements present in the Veado Track were perceived partially defined lines, organic forms, medium texture degree a random order, with colors of little variation and few green tonalities. Based on the climatic data a load capacity for the track was proposed depending on the season of the year and the size of the groups. The analysis of the attractions of Veado Track of determined the possibility of its use in ecotourism and its application in inherent subjects of environmental education. / Um estudo foi realizado na cidade de Canela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, incluindo a aplicação de instrumentos que avaliaram as características da região receptora, o perfil do turista, a Floresta Nacional de Canela pelos turistas, o entorno da FLONA e a própria Floresta Nacional, com os objetivos de avaliar a função social desta Unidade de Conservação e sua utilização como subsídio ao Ecoturismo e a projetos de Educação Ambiental. A metodologia baseia-se na avaliação de quatorze instrumentos aplicados em 8 fases de condução da coleta de dados. Os resultados confirmaram a vocação da cidade de Canela para o turismo, baseado na sua infraestrutura hoteleira, alimentos e bebidas, além da indústria moveleira, de chocolate e do artesanato. Os turistas da alta temporada (julho e dezembro) possuem nível socioeconômico e cultural mais elevado que os turistas da baixa temporada (outubro e fevereiro). O entorno da FLONA formado pelo Bairro Ulisses de Abreu apresentou uma população formada por chefes de família empregados, residentes em casas de madeira, com o núcleo familiar jovem, dado ao número de crianças presentes. O atrativo turístico foi considerado quanto aos seus acessos como bom e com sinalização regular. A FLONA foi apontada como uma área de proteção com Potencial Turístico. A avaliação da paisagem da FLONA, pelos turistas, em quatro épocas, através de substitutivos da paisagem, demonstrou preferências distintas de percepção formando dois grupos, sendo o primeiro de mulheres e jovens do sexo masculino entre 15 a 20 anos e o segundo grupo, formado pelos demais homens. A análise das vistas de vinte e duas sub-paisagens, revelou serem as mesmas múltiplas com alcance semi-limitado,e determinou três fatores na percepção das paisagem, como o fator panorâmico que inclui a água e fundo cênico, o fator antrópico, constituído pelas atuações humanas e a cor e o fator vegetação. O Centro de Visitantes da FLONA registrou a presença de visitantes, na maioria alunos e professores, oriundos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A estrutura da FLONA apontou deficiências quanto ao quadro técnico, na sua infraestrutura e no Centro de Visitantes. A Trilha do Veado localizada no interior da FLONA, apresentou um número inferior de atrativos em relação à proposta inicial, bem como, indicou deficiência na sinalização dos mesmos. Quanto à qualidade visual dos elementos presentes na Trilha do Veado, foram percebidas linhas parcialmente definidas, formas orgânicas, grau de textura média e de ordenamento aleatório, com cores de pouca variação e com pouca variação nas tonalidades de verde. Baseado nos dados climáticos foi proposta uma capacidade de carga para a Trilha variável com as estações do ano e no número de integrantes dos grupos. A análise dos atrativos da Trilha do Veado determinou a possibilidade de uso em Ecoturismo e sua aplicação em temas inerentes a Educação Ambiental.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:51:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArtemisiaSS_DISSERT.pdf: 1890241 bytes, checksum: 7b7f2d4898696d1c90a8cc13c13a7d5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / Ecotourism, in face to environmental demands and discussions, has achieved prominence in the tourism market and wide global development, occasioning a concern about the need for a scientific deepening through a critical approach of the dynamics of consumption and conservation that permeate this practice. This study addresses the ecotourism under aegis of consumer society, in which is perceived that it constitutes a contester practice of society in which it is embedded, nevertheless has been subjected to the logic of capital through commodification of nature. In order to comprehend the reality presented, this study had as geographical cutting two Conservation Units of Sustainable Use in Rio Grande do Norte state: the Jenipabu Environmental Protection Area (APAJ) and Ponta do Tubar?o State Sustainable Development Reserve (RDSEPT). The research sought to investigate the relationship between conservation and consumption and their influences on ecotourism held in the Conservation Units (UCs) of sustainable use selected for this study. To this aim it was made a critical reflection about the relationship conservation versus consumption constant in the practice of ecotourism in UCs in the context of current society, analyzing the historical process of formation of UCs of sustainable use in RN state under the light of the contradictory pair conservation-consumption, as well as looking to apprehend the perception of ecotourism of the actors involved with this practice. It was adopted a qualitative approach under a critical perspective based on bibliographical and documentary research and realization of semi-structured interviews with three groups of actors, namely managers/technician, community and ectourists involved with ecotourism in the selected UCs. The analysis was made using two basic units of analysis (consumption and maintenance) and twelve categories. For definition of units of analysis and categories were taken as reference the authors Santos (1987; 1988; 1994; 2001; 2006), Guerreiro Ramos (1989) and A. B. Rodrigues (1996; 2003), which perform critical to society of consumption and describe the key characteristics of the technical-scientific-informational predominant means, and Diegues (1998; 2000), A. B. Rodrigues (2001), Pires (2002) and Neiman and Rabinovici (2010), which discusse historic and scientifically about the emphasis on conservation present in origins and discourse of ecotourism, describing also its founding characteristics. The main results show that the marketing use of the prefix eco has acted as a new dress for what in reality is in fact ancient, ie, the conservation is used as a justification for another new type of consumption. The results also show that despite the coexistence of commercial and symbolic intentions in both UCs, one can observe the predominance consumer society characteristics in the process of creation and the production activities of APAJ, while in RDSEPT we note the predominance of the conservationist characteristics proclaimed by ecotourism. It can be inferred therefore that tourism held in the APAJ can not be called ecotourism, while the practice found in RDSEPT show an alignment with the guidelines of ecotourism / O ecoturismo, face ?s demandas e discuss?es ambientais, tem alcan?ado proemin?ncia no mercado tur?stico e amplo desenvolvimento mundial, ensejando uma preocupa??o quanto ? necessidade de um aprofundamento cient?fico atrav?s de uma abordagem cr?tica das din?micas de consumo e conserva??o que permeiam essa pr?tica. Este estudo aborda o ecoturismo sob a ?gide da sociedade do consumo, na qual se percebe que este se constituiu numa pr?tica contestadora da sociedade na qual est? inserida, mas que, todavia tem se submetido ? l?gica do capital atrav?s da mercantiliza??o da natureza. Objetivando a compreens?o da realidade apresentada, este estudo teve como recorte geogr?fico duas Unidades de Conserva??o de Uso Sustent?vel do estado do Rio Grande do Norte: a ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Jenipabu (APAJ) e a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual Ponta do Tubar?o (RDSEPT). A pesquisa buscou averiguar as rela??es entre conserva??o e consumo e suas influ?ncias no ecoturismo realizado nas Unidades de Conserva??o (UCs) de uso sustent?vel selecionadas para este estudo. Para tanto, realizou-se uma reflex?o cr?tica acerca da rela??o conserva??o versus consumo constante na pr?tica do ecoturismo em UCs no contexto da atual sociedade, analisando-se o processo hist?rico de forma??o das UCs de uso sustent?vel do RN ? luz do par contradit?rio conserva??o-consumo, bem como buscando-se apreender a percep??o sobre o ecoturismo dos atores envolvidos com esta pr?tica. Teve-se como percurso metodol?gico uma abordagem qualitativa sob uma perspectiva cr?tica, baseada em pesquisa bibliogr?fica e documental e realiza??o de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com tr?s grupos de atores, a saber: gestores/t?cnicos, comunidade e ecoturistas envolvidos com o ecoturismo nas UCs selecionadas. A an?lise foi realizada a partir de duas unidades de an?lise basilares (consumo e conserva??o) e doze categorias. Para a defini??o das unidades de an?lise e categorias foram tomados como refer?ncia os autores Santos (1987; 1988; 1994; 2001; 2006), Guerreiro Ramos (1989) e A. B. Rodrigues (1996; 2003), que realizam cr?tica ? sociedade do consumo e descrevem as principais caracter?sticas do meio t?cnico-cient?fico-informacional predominante; e Diegues (1998; 2000), A. B. Rodrigues (2001), Pires (2002) e Neiman e Rabinovici (2010), que discorrem hist?rica e cientificamente acerca da ?nfase na conserva??o constante nas origens e no discurso do ecoturismo, descrevendo tamb?m suas caracter?sticas fundantes. Os principais resultados revelam que o uso mercadol?gico do prefixo eco tem atuado como uma nova roupagem para o que na realidade ainda se revela antigo, ou seja, usa-se a conserva??o como justificativa para mais um novo tipo de consumo. Os resultados tamb?m evidenciam que apesar da coexist?ncia de intencionalidades mercantis e simb?licas em ambas UCs, ? poss?vel observar a predomin?ncia de caracter?sticas da sociedade do consumo no processo de cria??o e nas atividades produtivas da APAJ, enquanto na RDSEPT nota-se a predomin?ncia das caracter?sticas conservacionistas apregoadas pelo ecoturismo. Pode-se inferir, portanto, que o turismo realizado na APAJ n?o pode ser denominado de ecoturismo, enquanto as pr?ticas observadas na RDSEPT evidenciam um alinhamento com as diretrizes do ecoturismo

This study examines the impact mountain gorillas has on the sustainable and developmental life of the Volcanoes National Park (VNP) in Rwanda. The study is equally based on the on psychosocial perspectives as it concerns the behavior of the population. It emphases on how ecotourism works and how it affects the mountain gorillas on the nature reserve. The study also investigates the impact of ecotourism with regards to the locals, society and the country using research that has been previously carried out.   The study's findings show that the revenue-sharing system from mountain gorilla tourism activities has changed local communities view on ecotourism both positively and negatively through opportunities and weaknesses in sustainable development. In addition, the study shows the government's ongoing commitment to improving and maintaining the eco-tourism sector by diversifying its activities. It shows that the government of Rwanda has included conferences, ceremonies, and tours in its ecotourism efforts that further provides variation for visitors so that tourism develops throughout the country. / Denna studie undersöker bergsgorillornas påverkan utifrån ett hållbarhets- och utvecklingsperspektiv i Volcanoes National Park (VNP) i Rwanda. Studien utgår från ett psykosociolaperspektiv, hur ekoturismen fungerar och påverkar bergsgorillorna i VNP. Studien undersöker även med hjälp av tidigare forskning; vilka konsekvenser som tillkommer med ekoturism med avseende på lokalbefolkning, samhället och landet. Studiens resultat visar att intäktsdelningsystemet från bergsgorillaturismen har förändrat lokala samhällen både positivt och negativt genom möjligheter och svagheter i hållbarutveckling. Studien visar regeringens ständiga åtaganden att förbättra och upprätthålla ekoturismsektorn genom att diversifiera verksamheten. Rwanda har inkluderat konferenser, ceremonier och turer i sin ekoturism som ytterligare ger variation för besökarna så att turismen utvecklas i hela landet.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-08T18:57:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Ana Paula Soares da.pdf: 4539819 bytes, checksum: d7f0d7b1c19c16d8609533281da68c29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-08T18:59:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Ana Paula Soares da.pdf: 4539819 bytes, checksum: d7f0d7b1c19c16d8609533281da68c29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T18:59:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Ana Paula Soares da.pdf: 4539819 bytes, checksum: d7f0d7b1c19c16d8609533281da68c29 (MD5) / A pesquisa em tela buscou diagnosticar os contornos que delineiam a gestão estadual da unidade de conservação de uso sustentável APA Estadual Serra do Barbado, seu histórico, sua composição social, sua práxis, seus conceitos e sua influência nos conflitos socioambientais existentes, bem como no desenvolvimento econômico, justiça social e equilíbrio ambiental para o chamado Circuito do Ouro da Chapada Diamantina. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou os marcos referenciais legais, práticos e teóricos que respaldam a abordagem sobre a Unidade de Conservação de uso sustentável em questão, seu histórico, suas funções e objetivos, a percepção dos stakeholders institucionais sociais e oficiais envolvidos com sua existência, seu funcionamento, seus limites, gargalos e desafios e a consonância entre o que está previsto e preconizado no conjunto de leis que regem este tipo de unidade de conservação e a gestão real. Além disso, contemplamos neste estudo um capítulo sobre a Residência Social cumprida durante o mestrado, no âmbito dos Parques Naturais de Portugal, sua proximidade e distanciamento político-administrativo, econômico e social à nossa realidade. Ao fim, do projeto buscamos apontar caminhos para que esta unidade de conservação possa encontrar a consolidação e representar algo dinâmico e exemplar para o território Circuito do Ouro, ecoando em sua população, através de proposição de políticas públicas aliadas à tecnologia e inovação social, tendo como foco o conceito de Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais aplicáveis à agroecologia e ao ecoturismo. A proposta de intervenção ainda buscou ser uma solução reaplicável para outras UC de Uso Sustentável na Bahia e no Brasil, guardadas as devidas especificidades de cada uma. The research sought to diagnose screen contours that outline the state management of the protected area of sustainable use of the APA State Serra Barbados, its history, its social composition, its praxis, its concepts and its influence on existing environmental conflicts, as well as developing economic, social justice and environmental balance to the call of the Gold Chapada Diamantina Circuit. In this sense this study sought the legal, practical and theoretical benchmarks that support the approach on the conservation area of sustainable use in question, its history, its functions and objectives, the perception of social and official institutional stakeholders involved in its existence, its functioning, their limitations and bottlenecks and the line between what is expected and called the set of laws that govern this type of protected area management and real. Furthermore, this study contemplates a chapter on Social Housing fulfilled during the Masters, under the Natural Parks of Portugal, its proximity and political- administrative, economic and social distancing to our reality. At the end, the project sought to point out ways that this conservation unit to find the consolidation and represent something dynamic and exemplary for the Gold Circuit territory, echoing its population through proposition allied to technology and social innovation, public policy, and focus on the concept of Payments for Environmental Services applicable to agro-ecology and ecotourism. The proposed intervention also sought reaplicável be a solution for other UC Sustainable Use in Bahia and Brazil, kept into account the specificities of each.