Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the context of both climate change and peak oil, it is clear that the tourism industry cannot continue with a business-as-usual approach. Unfettered fossil fuel use is no longer an option and novel approaches need to be explored in order to change the configuration of energy systems. Transport is particularly energy intense and consequently, since it involves travel, so is tourism. The Drifters Desert Nature Reserve (DDNR) is probably a net carbon sink. The property is large and has thousands of long lived trees and bushes: but this would be an ‘easy out’ in an industry which is has a reputation for evading tough questions. Are there affordable techniques that can be employed by the Reserve that will reduce its carbon footprint and enable it to move toward being entirely carbon neutral, without relying on sequestration? A willingness to pay (WTP) survey investigating if clients were prepared to pay a voluntary amount towards reducing the emissions of the DDNR, thereby offsetting some of their own emissions, was conducted; 121 questionnaires were completed. The results were extrapolated out to represent the WTP of the 1055 clients that visited the DDNR in the last year. It was found that 73% of all the clients who stay at the DDNR are willing to pay toward helping the DDNR change the way its systems are configured as a means to offset some of their own emissions debt in getting to the reserve. Lodge clients were prepared to pay almost double the amount clients staying at the campsite would consider. In both cases, WTP was around 10% of the value of the accommodation package chosen. The fossil fuel use and consequent carbon dioxide debt of the DDNR was calculated and emissions were found to be in the region of 30 tonnes per annum. As per the case in the greater Namibia, transport is responsible for the bulk of the carbon dioxide output, with energy provision in this off-grid reserve being a close second. Of four potential interventions considered, two were found to be financially viable, regardless of the WTP of clientele. It is speculated that WTP on a small scale is administratively laborious and the potential contribution of a voluntary offsetting payment was perhaps not high to justify the implementation of the scheme. It was however found that reconfiguring the energy systems would definitely be a worthwhile exercise. On corporate level where efficiencies of size amplify gains, Drifters, as a group of 14 lodges and an overland company, may well find that a transparent voluntary emissions reduction (VER) payment, ring-fenced, appropriately used, and properly implemented, is worthwhile. Ethically, however, injecting VER payments into a balance sheet is problematic, especially where the payback period of the technological interventions is short and the benefits derived are long term. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van fossielbrandstowwe wat in die huidige tydsgewrig tot die opwekking van oormatige kweekhuisgasse lei is nie langer aanvaarbaar nie en innoverende opsies om die voortgesette generasie van energie te verseker, sal nagestreef moet word. Een van die grootste verbruikers van energie is vervoer, en vervolgens is dit ook die geval dat toerisme, wat swaar op vervoer staatmaak, ‘n groot gebruiker van energie is. Aangesien daar etlike gevestigde bome en bosse op hierdie woestynreservaat is, is die Drifters Desert Nature Reserve (DDNR) moontlik ‘n netto bespaarder van koolstofgasse, maar dit kan nie sondermeer daargelaat word in ‘n bedryf wat bekend is daarvoor dat dit graag die moeilike vrae vermy nie. Daar is dus gevra: is daar bekostigbare tegnieke wat moontlik by die DDBR aangewend kan word om die koolstofvoetafdruk te verminder en dit in staat kan stel om totaal koolstofneutraal te word, sonder om op ingryping staat te maak? Navorsing is gedoen en 121 vraelyste is voltooi om vas te stel of kliente gewillig sou wees om ‘n vrywillige bydrae te maak om die afskeid van koolstof te beheer en daardeur hul eie koolstofvoetafrdruk te verminder, in ‘n sg “gewilligheid om te betaal” oftewel “willingness to pay” (WTP) opname. Die resultate is deurgevoer as verteenwoordigend van die 1 055 kliente wat verlede jaar die oord besoek het. Daar is gevind dat 73% van die kliente wat die oord besoek bereid sou wees om die DDNR geldelik te help om sy stelsels te verander as ‘n teenrekening om hul eie koolstofbesoedeling op pad daarheen te vergoed. Kliente wat die losie gebruik het was bereid om meer te betaal as diegene wat by die kampeerterrein tuisgegaan het. Die hele reservaat se jaarlikse koolstofdioksied debiet is bereken, en die jaarlikse opwekking is op ongeveer 30-tonne vasgestel. Nes in Namibie as geheel is vervoeruitlaatgasse verantwoordelik vir die oorgrote meerderheid opwekking, met die voorsiening van energie by die afgelee oord kort op sy hakke. Van die vier moontlike ingrypings wat oorweeg is, is twee finansieel die moeite werd gevind, ongeag die kliente se gewilligheid om geldelik by te dra. Die bestuur van aanvraag is ook oorweeg, en hoewel dit nie gekwantifiseer is nie, is dit nes die moontlikheid van tegnologiese innovering, duidelik deel van die oplossing, Daar is gevind dat ‘n stelsel van betaling op plaaslike vlak moeilik sou wees om die administreer, en aangesien selfs die gewilliges nie oorgretig is nie, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat dit nie die moeite sou loon nie. Ongeag bogenoemde beginsel van toersitebydraes is daar gevind dat dit ongetwyfeld die moeite werd sou wees om die energiestelsels aan te pas. Maar dit sal nie noodwendig op ‘n korporatiewe of ‘n makro-skaal werk nie, veral nie waar grote ‘n rol speel nie. As maatskappygroep mag Drifters vind dat met ‘n deursigtige, vrywillige uitlaatverminderingspaaiement, wat afgebaken, korrek aangewend en effektief bestuur word, die kool die sous werd sou wees.

20世紀60年代以降，在強調自然環境護與觀光地區永續利用理念的潮流之下，世界上許多關注於生態保育的學者與民間團體，紛紛提出並推廣了兼顧自然保育與遊憩發展目的—生態旅遊(ecotourism)。 台灣地狹人稠且都市擴張迅速，使得許多自然環境資源已逐漸成為都市的一部分，加上近年來國人休閒意識的覺醒與親近自然環境的需求增加，更讓自然環境地區成為都市人們不可或缺的紓壓與渡假場所。位於台北市文山區南端的貓空地區，便是在過去20～30年間休閒遊憩發展蓬勃的景點，以鄰近都會區、特色茶產與宗教聖地—指南宮為名。貓空地區大多屬於農業保護區。海拔在七百公尺以下，雖不甚陡峭但地貌複雜多變、雨量豐沛，植物林相及生物資源豐富。加上貓空地區規劃完善之登山步道系統、遠近馳名的宗教聖地指南宮以及著名的茶產文化，提供了發展生態旅遊的生態動植物資源、休閒遊憩資源、宗教文化資源以及產業文化資源，且因為位於台北市都會區，與近年國際興起的「都市型生態旅遊」之型態不謀而合。 都市型生態旅遊地區除了提供與一般遊憩區皆有的遊憩、休閒、教育等使用價值外，尚有生態環境保育效益的非使用價值存在，為評估都市生態旅遊地區所具有的完整環境價值，本研究運用條件評估法（Contingent Valuation Method, CVM），以支付卡法(payment card method)之詢價方式獲得遊客的願付價格(willing to pay, WTP)，並採用負二元名義(negative binomial)模式建立迴歸模型，獲得主要結果為：存在價值每年約3,693,065,610元，遺贈價值約每年5,368,737,520元，非市場價值高達約每年9,061,803,130元。 / From 1960s, due to the rise of environment protecting concepts and sustainable use of tourist spots, there are more and more non-government organizations and scholars, who care about ecological conversation, propose the importance of ecotourism, which aim at both the conversation of natural and recreation development. Taiwan is densely populated and has rapidly urban expansion, which has caused natural environmental resources gradually becoming a important part of city. Moreover, the awareness of leisure consciousness and increasing need for accessing to the natural have made it an indispensable relaxing and vacation location for Taipei people. Maokong, located at the south of Wen-Shan district in Taipei, is a famous spot with burgeoning creation activities over the past twenty-five years. It is well-known for its convenience, characteristic tea industry and the sacred place-Zhinan Temple. Mostly parts of Maokong belong to agricultural reservation. The altitude is 700 meters below, although not as steep as others, it has a diversity of terrain features, abundant in rainfall, botanical life-form and organism resources. Those plentiful ecological resources above, the great location near the urban, old-line religious history and culture, plus perfect planning of mountain climbing trail. With all the inborn conditions make Maokong perfect for developing the international-popular leisure style - urban ecotourism. Urban ecotourism place provides not only the use value of recreation, leisure and education, but also the non-use value of preservation benefits. In order to evaluate the total value, I used Contingent Valuation Method with Payment Card Method to get the Willing to Pay of tourists, and further I used the Negative Binomial to establish the model. The main result: the Existence Value is about $3,693,065,610(TWD) per year, the Bequest Value is about $5,368,737,520(TWD) per year, finally the Non-market value is about $9,061,803,130 (TWD).

The settlement history of the Vredefort Dome can be described as a process of cultural development. The Vaal River hydrosphere, which was for many years a prestigious settlement site, initially attracted large scale game and later livestock farmers. The drifts were a central part of a network of early strategic communication routes and outspans. From 1838, pioneer settlement, farm occupation and agricultural development followed, and the area eventually entered an agriculture-mining era. Gold-mining stimulated the regional economy and also played a significant role in the development of towns in the area. The Vaal River did not play a significant role from a mining perspective, but featured more prominently in the development of villages and, in a sense, served as a political boundary. The location of the water source often determined where people settled permanently. It also decided the position of the house and yard. From the outset, riparian dwellers attempted to manipulate the flow of the river by creating dams and utilising water for irrigation and domestic purposes. Drought conditions also left historical traces; water management projects upstream transformed the Vaal River into a steadily flowing stream, which led to the economic and cultural segregation of north and south. Man's fear associated with drought (too little water), floods (too much water), meteorology (the necessity of water), and the role of the supernatural (divining water) and superstition (the water snake stories) were expressed in the interaction between people and this water environment. A wide variety of people with distinct cultures lived alongside each other in the area. Western and African cultural goods, as well as customs and beliefs, were mutually adopted by these different cultural groups as a result of this contact. The way land has been used in the Dome area has evolved over the years. The culling of game made way for the permanent establishment of the livestocktravelling farmer. Hereafter prolonged drought conditions destroyed pastures and, consequently, large areas of land were ploughed for agricultural use. Agriculture, which is more labour intensive and needs more water for irrigation, was replaced by game farming, which is less labour intensive and requires less water This world heritage site has drawn global interest and ecotourism has attracted visitors to the Vaal River area. The riparian dwellers, however, remain victims of up-stream industrial and sewage pollution; in future, they are likely to fall prey to acid mine water pollution, with disastrous consequences. / PhD (History), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Depuis les années 1980, les projets intégrés de conservation et de développement (PICD) sont des modèles fonctionnels de développement durable. L’écotourisme est une de ces stratégies, combinant les objectifs sociaux et économiques de développement pour les populations locales dans un contexte de conservation des ressources naturelles. Cette maîtrise étudie un projet écotouristique réalisé dans la zone de transition du parc national Huascarán (Pérou) dans deux communautés quechuaphones, Vicos et Humachucco. Un PICD « réussi » combine la participation et la satisfaction des besoins de la population tout en contribuant à la conservation des écosystèmes. Cette étude a donc deux objectifs principaux : 1) une analyse de la participation pour mieux comprendre si et comment ce projet a su impliquer les populations et pour connaitre les facteurs favorisant un partenariat entre différents acteurs du projet; 2) une analyse des impacts environnementaux, économiques et socioculturels de l’écotourisme pour déterminer si les besoins des populations et les objectifs du projet ont été atteints, apportant ainsi une nouvelle dynamique à la communauté. La méthodologie combine les approches de l’écologie culturelle, de l’approche exploratoire et de l’étude de cas. Les données sont issues du terrain de recherche, soit des données écrites, de l’observation participante et des entretiens semi-dirigés. Elles ont été traitées en utilisant différentes grilles d’analyse. Les résultats démontrent que, malgré un manque de clarté et de transparence, de nombreux efforts ont permis de favoriser la participation et d’impliquer la population locale, créant des impacts économiques favorables. / Since the beginning of the 1980s, Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDP) have offered a functional model of sustainable development, and have become an attractive option for international donors. Ecotourism is one of the strategies that can be used to combine social and economic development of local communities with natural resources conservation. A successful ICDP combines community participation while meeting local peoples’ needs and sustaining ecosystems. This research analysed an ecotourism project which had been developed with two indigenous Quechua communities within the buffer zone of the Huascarán National Park in Peru. The research aimed at two main objectives: 1) an analysis of community participation in order to investigate levels and type of community involvement in the various stages of the project, and in order to find out whether or not a successful collaborative partnership has been created among the different stakeholders; 2) an analysis of the environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of this ecotourism initiative to determine whether communities’ needs have been addressed and to find out whether the project gave rise to innovative dynamics within the villages. The methodology employed in this study combines different approaches, such as cultural ecology, an exploratory approach and case study analysis. Field research was carried out and data were collected using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and literature analysis. Different analytical frameworks were employed for data analysis. The results of this study showed that the initiative has encouraged local participation and enhanced community involvement. However, results also revealed a lack of clarity and transparency.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer uma comparação entre o modo como três setores distintos relacionados à área de ecoturismo - agências de turismo, entidades ambientalistas e órgãos governamentais - buscam propagar suas idéias, e como isso pode se refletir na forma como denominam suas atividades e nos conceitos com relação a essa área. Para que esse objetivo fosse atingido, foi compilado um corpus comparável em português e inglês com textos autênticos dos três setores mencionados a partir de sites brasileiros e neozelandeses. Os dados foram levantados com o uso de uma ferramenta computacional para análise lingüística, o WordSmith Tools. Este trabalho está embasado em três áreas - Lingüística de Corpus, Terminologia e Turismo - e possibilitou uma reflexão a respeito do processo de extração de termos utilizando-se a Lingüística de Corpus, demonstrando como esse procedimento pode auxiliar a tornar a pesquisa lingüística e a extração de termos mais precisa e confiável, oferecendo contribuições relevantes para o processo tradutório, o ensino de línguas para fins específicos e a produção de glossários e dicionários terminológicos. / The aim of this study is to establish a comparison between the way three distinct areas related to Ecotourism - travel agencies, environmental organizations and the government - try to spread their ideas, which is reflected in the way they name their activities and the concepts they adopt concerning ecotourism. In order to achieve our goals, a comparable Portuguese and English corpus was compiled with authentic texts from Brazilian and Newzeland sites in the three areas mentioned. The data was obtained with the use of a computational tool for linguistics analysis, the WordSmith Tools. This study is grounded in three areas: Corpus Linguistics, Terminology and Tourism and enabled a reflection about the process of term extraction with the help of Corpus Linguistics, showing how this procedure can help making linguistic research and term extraction more precise and reliable, and how, in turn, this can offer useful contributions to the translation process, the teaching of language for specific purposes and the production of glossaries and terminological dictionaries.

A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os conteúdos das políticas ambientais na periferia do extremo da zona sul de São Paulo, nos Distritos de Parelheiros e Marsilac. Os dois Distritos fazem parte dos Mananciais da região metropolitana de São Paulo, e estão submetidos às leis de proteção ambiental, e, portanto, teoricamente, desde 1975, são orientados a seguirem as restrições normativas para os usos e ocupação do solo concernentes à essa legislação. No entanto, no mesmo contexto em que foram promulgadas as normas urbanas que visavam estruturar e ordenar o espaço urbano da, hoje, região metropolitana, tivemos também neste período grandes deslocamentos populacionais para os Mananciais, seja da população vinda de outros estados, ou de deslocamentos intraurbanos. Sendo assim, os maiores contingentes populacionais rumo aos mananciais se deram após a implementação das legislações ambientais de 1975, revelando o contexto de reestruturação e mudanças a nível global, que se expressará no e por meio do espaço urbano. Tal situação se torna bastante evidente nos anos seguintes, devido aos rearranjos espaciais que configuraram esse novo momento da metrópole paulistana. De tal modo, consideraremos o espaço, bem como os espaços que possuem certa concentração de vegetação, como uma nova raridade e, quanto mais amplo o processo de reprodução do capital, mais rarefeito esses espaços se tornarão. Nesse mote, as periferias se reconfiguram e se complexificam. Seguindo essa perspectiva, compreenderemos os novos projetos no extremo da zona sul de São Paulo levados a cabo pelas políticas ambientais, principalmente com a implantação das Áreas de Preservação Ambiental. A pesquisa buscou demonstrar como este espaço periférico, tutelado pelas legislações ambientais, está sendo incorporados no processo de reprodução do espaço urbano de São Paulo por meio do empreendedorismo urbano ou das especificidades da localização, e, principalmente, pela possibilidade de \"liquidez\" que cada \"potencialidade\" do lugar tende a oferecer ao mercado. Assim, foi criado em 2014 o Polo de Ecoturismo de São Paulo, que engloba Parelheiros, Marsilac e na Ilha do Bororé, com a proposta de articular as potencialidades das áreas de Proteção Ambiental podem proporcionar. Em suma, buscamos compreender as finalidades e os conteúdos da proteção da natureza no atual momento da urbanização contemporânea. / The purpose of the research is to analyze the content of environmental policies in the outskirts of geographical south end of São Paulo: Parelheiros and Marsilac districts. The two districts are part of the watersheds of metropolitan area of São Paulo, and are subject to environmental protection laws; therefore, theoretically, since 1975, they are oriented to follow the normative restrictions for land uses and occupation of those relating areas and their constraints laws. However, in the same context of the enactment of urban norms aimed at structuring and ordain the urban space of nowadays metropolitan region, we also had, during this period, a large migration of the population to these watersheds area, coming from other states, or from intra-urban displacements. Thus, the largest population contingents towards to those water sources occurred after the implementation of the environmental laws of 1975, revealing the context of restructuring and changes to global level, which will be expressed in and through urban space configuration. This situation becomes evident in the following years, due to the spatial rearrangements that configured this new moment of the metropolis of São Paulo. In this way, we will consider space, as well as spaces that have a certain concentration of vegetation, as new rarity and the broader the process of reproduction of capital, more rarefied these spaces will become. In this motto, the city outskirts are reconfigured and in this perspective, we will understand the south end zone of São Paulo undertaken by the environmental policies, especially with the implementation of the Environmental Preservation Areas. The search sought to demonstrate how this peripheral space, protected by environmental legislation are being incorporated into the process of reproduction of the urban space of São Paulo by urban entrepreneurship, or of the specificities, of the location, and mainly due to the possibility of \"liquidity\" that each \"potentiality\" of the place tends to offer to the market itself. Thus, the Ecotourism Pole of São Paulo was created in 2014, located at Parelheiros, Marsilac and Bororé Island, to articulate the potentialities that the Environmental Protection areas can provide. In summary, we seek to understand the purposes and contents of the protection of nature in the current moment of urbanization.

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o turismo e seus serviços em parques. A necessidade de manutenção dos parques, a precariedade na conservação e a falta de recursos para a instalação de infra-estrutura, deixam os parques em estado de abandono. O turismo, como atividade econômica compatível com a idéia de parque, seja talvez uma das poucas atividades rentáveis para a sustentação destas unidades de conservação, no entanto os parques brasileiros são pouco visitados ou acabam não recebendo parte da receita gerada pela sua existência. Pensando nestes problemas, a pesquisa tem como interesse analisar quais os fatores necessários para uma abertura e exploração turística dos parques, tendo como objeto de investigação o Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão (PECJ). O PECJ foi escolhido por ser o mais visitado do Estado de São Paulo fora da mancha urbana da capital. Entretanto, o trabalho detectou que o parque tem deficiências de caráter físico relativo aos equipamentos de infra-estrutura que acabam por comprometer a sua visitação. A pesquisa concluiu que uma abertura turística aliada a uma alta qualidade de infra-estrutura pode resultar em uma saída para a conservação dos parques. / The purpose of the present study was to analyze tourism and tourism services in parks. The need to maintain the parks, poor conservation and lack of resources to implement infrastruture have led parks to a status of abandonment. Tourism, as an economic activity compatible with parks, is probably one of the few profitable activities to support these conservation units. However, Brazilian parks are not highly visited and tend to receive a small share of the income generated by their existence. Considering such issues, this study intended to analyze which factors are necessary to open and explore the tourism portion of parks, focusing the investigation on State Park of Campos do Jordão (Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão - PECJ). PECJ was chosen because it is the most widely visited park in the State of São Paulo located outside the capital city urban area. However, our study detected that the park has a number of a physical deficits considering infrastructure equipment that may hinder visitation. The study concluded that tourism opening combined with high quality infrastructure may lead to an alternative to park conservation.

Die Organización de Pueblos Indígenas de Pastaza (OPIP) wurde 1979 zur Verteidigung der Landrechte der indigenen Völker der Quichuas, Shiwiars und Záparos der Provinz Pastaza im Amazonastiefland von Ecuador gegründet. Anhand der Einzelfallstudie über die OPIP und des Ökotourismusprogramms der OPIP (ÖTP) wird untersucht, ob es einer indigenen Basisorganisation gelingt, selbstbestimmte Entwicklung bei Wahrung der natürlichen Ressourcen in ihrem Territorium durchzusetzen. Aufbau und Entwicklung des ÖTP in zwei Comunidades und zwei Asociaciones wurden durch seine Anbindung an die OPIP behindert, da sich politische und sachliche Kriterien bei der Planung sowie politische und programmspezifische Aufgaben der Beteiligten vermischten. Da das ÖTP sich noch um regelmäßige Einkommen und wirtschaftliche Rentabilität bemüht, sind Maßnahmen zum Ressourcenschutz sowie die dafür notwendige partizipative Planung mit den Comunidades und Asociaciones vernachlässigt worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit kommt zu dem Schluß, daß einkommenschaffende Projekte nicht erfolgreich von indigenen Basisorganisationen als Träger durchgeführt werden können und sie von ihren eigentlichen politischen und entwicklungsstrategischen Aufgaben ablenken. Es gelingt den Organisationen auf diese Weise weder, sich selbst zu finanzieren, noch den Schutz der natürlichen Ressourcen in ihrem Territorium durchzusetzen. Anstatt als Träger von Projekten aufzutreten, sollten sie direkte Kooperationen zwischen Comunidades und Entwicklungsorganisationen vermitteln und deren Erfahrungen zur Formulierung von ökonomischen und ökologischen Leitlinien nutzen. Entwicklungsorganisationen sollten die indigenen Basis-organisationen dementsprechend mit Institutionenförderung, Organisations- und politischer Beratung unterstützen. / The Organisation of Indigenous People of Pastaza (OPIP) was founded in 1979 to defend the land rights of the indigenous people Quichua, Shiwiar and Záparo in the province of Pastaza in Ecuador?s Amazonian rainforest. The present case study of the OPIP and its Ecotourism Program answers the question, whether an indigenous grass-roots organisation has the capability to implement self-determined development by conserving the natural resources in its territory. The organisational and institutional reliance of the Program on the OPIP hindered the development process of the Program in four communities. The OPIP interfered with political criteria in the Program and gave some project staff additional political tasks to their program-related functions. With the quest for economic resource management and the essential participatory project planning with the communities has been neglected. The author concludes, that income generating projects can not be succesfully implemented by indigenous organisations as the implementation bodies, and that they divert those organisations from their genuine political and strategic development tasks. The organisations neither achieve auto-financing, nor the conservation of natural resources in their territories. Instead of implementing such projects, indigenous organisations should facilitate the direct cooperation between communities and development organisations, and should use their experiences to formulate economic and ecological strategic goals and steps to achieve them. Development organisiations should support indigenous organisations through institutional strengthening as well as organisational and political assistance.

The thesis is concerned with the sustainable tourism development theme. Its goal is to evaluate the current situation of sustainable tourism development in the Liberec Region and also to verify that the region develops adequate activities for its support. The theoretical part is focused on defining the concept of sustainable development, it is focused on description of its essence and its principles. The role of important international organizations is described as well. The practical part is concerned with the characteristics of the Liberec Region. A substantial part of the thesis consists of analysis of offer - environmentally friendly forms of tourism, evaluation based on the chosen indicators of sustainable tourism and questionnaire research in four different groups: Regional authority, tourists and visitors, residents and tourism entrepreneurs in Liberec Region.

A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os conteúdos das políticas ambientais na periferia do extremo da zona sul de São Paulo, nos Distritos de Parelheiros e Marsilac. Os dois Distritos fazem parte dos Mananciais da região metropolitana de São Paulo, e estão submetidos às leis de proteção ambiental, e, portanto, teoricamente, desde 1975, são orientados a seguirem as restrições normativas para os usos e ocupação do solo concernentes à essa legislação. No entanto, no mesmo contexto em que foram promulgadas as normas urbanas que visavam estruturar e ordenar o espaço urbano da, hoje, região metropolitana, tivemos também neste período grandes deslocamentos populacionais para os Mananciais, seja da população vinda de outros estados, ou de deslocamentos intraurbanos. Sendo assim, os maiores contingentes populacionais rumo aos mananciais se deram após a implementação das legislações ambientais de 1975, revelando o contexto de reestruturação e mudanças a nível global, que se expressará no e por meio do espaço urbano. Tal situação se torna bastante evidente nos anos seguintes, devido aos rearranjos espaciais que configuraram esse novo momento da metrópole paulistana. De tal modo, consideraremos o espaço, bem como os espaços que possuem certa concentração de vegetação, como uma nova raridade e, quanto mais amplo o processo de reprodução do capital, mais rarefeito esses espaços se tornarão. Nesse mote, as periferias se reconfiguram e se complexificam. Seguindo essa perspectiva, compreenderemos os novos projetos no extremo da zona sul de São Paulo levados a cabo pelas políticas ambientais, principalmente com a implantação das Áreas de Preservação Ambiental. A pesquisa buscou demonstrar como este espaço periférico, tutelado pelas legislações ambientais, está sendo incorporados no processo de reprodução do espaço urbano de São Paulo por meio do empreendedorismo urbano ou das especificidades da localização, e, principalmente, pela possibilidade de \"liquidez\" que cada \"potencialidade\" do lugar tende a oferecer ao mercado. Assim, foi criado em 2014 o Polo de Ecoturismo de São Paulo, que engloba Parelheiros, Marsilac e na Ilha do Bororé, com a proposta de articular as potencialidades das áreas de Proteção Ambiental podem proporcionar. Em suma, buscamos compreender as finalidades e os conteúdos da proteção da natureza no atual momento da urbanização contemporânea. / The purpose of the research is to analyze the content of environmental policies in the outskirts of geographical south end of São Paulo: Parelheiros and Marsilac districts. The two districts are part of the watersheds of metropolitan area of São Paulo, and are subject to environmental protection laws; therefore, theoretically, since 1975, they are oriented to follow the normative restrictions for land uses and occupation of those relating areas and their constraints laws. However, in the same context of the enactment of urban norms aimed at structuring and ordain the urban space of nowadays metropolitan region, we also had, during this period, a large migration of the population to these watersheds area, coming from other states, or from intra-urban displacements. Thus, the largest population contingents towards to those water sources occurred after the implementation of the environmental laws of 1975, revealing the context of restructuring and changes to global level, which will be expressed in and through urban space configuration. This situation becomes evident in the following years, due to the spatial rearrangements that configured this new moment of the metropolis of São Paulo. In this way, we will consider space, as well as spaces that have a certain concentration of vegetation, as new rarity and the broader the process of reproduction of capital, more rarefied these spaces will become. In this motto, the city outskirts are reconfigured and in this perspective, we will understand the south end zone of São Paulo undertaken by the environmental policies, especially with the implementation of the Environmental Preservation Areas. The search sought to demonstrate how this peripheral space, protected by environmental legislation are being incorporated into the process of reproduction of the urban space of São Paulo by urban entrepreneurship, or of the specificities, of the location, and mainly due to the possibility of \"liquidity\" that each \"potentiality\" of the place tends to offer to the market itself. Thus, the Ecotourism Pole of São Paulo was created in 2014, located at Parelheiros, Marsilac and Bororé Island, to articulate the potentialities that the Environmental Protection areas can provide. In summary, we seek to understand the purposes and contents of the protection of nature in the current moment of urbanization.