Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta pesquisa analisa o processo de introdução das temáticas ambientais no currículo chileno no Segundo Segmento do Ensino Fundamental entre os anos 1996 e 2002. Foi considerado como início do processo de elaboração de um novo currículo (1996) a transformação da disciplina Ciências Naturalez em Estudio y Comprensión de la Natureza. O foco desta pesquisa está centrado nos Quinto, Sexto, Sétimo e oitavo ano de Ensino Fundamental, dirigido a alunos de 10 a 13 anos de idade. Defendo que incorporação do discurso da educação ambiental se insere no processo mais amplo de apropriação de discursos internacionais e dos novos objetivos do país retornando à democracia, com uma nova política de modernização. Para tal, foram investigados os decretos curriculares 40, 240, 232, os Objetivos Fundamentales (OF), Contenidos Mínimos Obligatorios (CMO) e Planes y Programas de estudio dos anos citados, revistas, páginas web e diversos documentos que permitiram entender a circulação de discursos referentes às temáticas ambientais e de modernização do país de volta à democracia. Como apoio às investigações feitas, foram entrevistadas, no atual país de residência o Chile, algumas pessoas relacionadas com esse processo de mudança, como Cristian Cox, Jacqueline Gysling, Jaime Cornejo, bem como foram investigadas organizações que tiveram influência nesse processo como a ?Casa de la Paz? e a Revista de História Natural. Foram utilizados os aportes teóricos de Ciclo de Políticas de Stephen Ball em relação ao processo de produção de políticas, com privilégio para a investigação dos Contextos de Influência e de Produção de Texto. Igualmente foram utilizados os aportes de Ivor Goodson referente à construção social das disciplinas escolares e à importância do contexto político, econômico e social e sua dinâmica gerada para a criação de determinadas políticas. Concluo que, ao mesmo tempo em que foram desenvolvidos objetivos integradores na nova disciplina, foi incorporada a demanda relacionada à renovação pedagógica, buscando centrar o processo de ensino na aprendizagem do aluno, privilegiando suas inquietudes e conhecimentos prévios, e tornando a disciplina mais ativa e exploratória. Nesse sentido é que defendo que a incorporação das temáticas ambientais, tanto evidencia o projeto de modernização do ensino, legitimado por discursos internacionais, como demonstra um tratamento local dessas questões: um desenvolvimento transversal e interdisciplinar, defendido por distintas comunidades disciplinares. / This research analyzes the process of introducing environmental issues in the Chilean curriculum of the Basic Education Second Stage, between 1996 and 2002. The transformation of the discipline Ciencias Naturales (Natural Sciences) into Estudio y Comprensión de la Naturaleza (Studying and Understanding Nature) was considered the beginning of the elaboration of a new curriculum (1996). This research is focused on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grade of basic education, directed at students from 10 to 13 years old. I argue that incorporating the environmental education discourse is inserted into a broader process of appropriating international discourses, and the new objectives of the country returning to democracy, with a new modernization policy. To this extent, we investigated curricular decrees number 40, 240, 232, the Objetivos Fundamentales (Fundamental Objectives), Contenidos Mínimos Obligatorios (Obligatory Minimum Contents), and Planes y Programas de estudio (Study Plans and Programs) of the mentioned years, journals, web pages, and several other documents. They enabled us to understand the circulation of discourses related to environmental and modernization issues in the country returning to democracy. To support the investigations, some persons connected to this process were interviewed in Chile, such as Cristian Cox, Jacqueline Gysling, and Jaime Cornejo. Likewise, organizations that influenced this process, such as ?Casa de la Paz? (Peace House) and the Revista de Historia Natural (Natural History Journal) were also researched. We used the theoretical contributions of the Policy Cycle by Stephen Ball related to the process of policy production, focusing on the investigation of Contexts of Influence and Text Production. We also used the contributions of Ivor Goodson related to the social construction of school disciplines and the importance of the political, economic, and social contexts, and the dynamics generated for developing certain policies. I conclude that integrating objectives were developed in the new discipline, while at the same time the demand for pedagogical renovation was incorporated, seeking to focus the teaching process on students? learning, and privileging their concerns and previous knowledge, thus, making the discipline more active and exploratory. To this extent, I argue that the incorporation of environmental issues shows evidence of the teaching modernization project, legitimized by international discourses; it also demonstrates a local treatment of these issues ? a cross-cutting and interdisciplinary development supported by different disciplinary communities.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1983. / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T19:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 321045.pdf: 2524411 bytes, checksum: 2194671fa13507dbcc1861da47b5bc1a (MD5)

Esta pesquisa se fez num processo de encontros que se estabeleceram através de cartas. Cartas que vão instigando companheiros que direta e indiretamente em diferentes tempos e lugares fizeram-se presentes na trajetória da educadora que os impulsiona a repensar o vivido em prol da educação. Cartas que vêm, dando notícias, realçando estilos, modos de ser e estar no mundo, levantando questões, registrando experiências e formas diferenciadas de olhar, sentir, conviver, pensar, experienciar, criar. Nesse vai e vem sem fim e em polifonia de vozes, histórias vão sendo delineadas, personalidades significativas vão sendo acentuadas e movimentos educacionais são marcados, promovendo discussões que se entrelaçam entre cultura / arte / educação / leitura. Conversas presenciais se fazem necessárias e são buscadas em ambiências criadas com interlocutores convidados. Outros diálogos são estabelecidos entre os autores das cartas que vão e vêm, tendo Bakhtin, Paulo Freire, Herbert Read, Fayga Ostrower, entre outros, como companheiros de reflexões. São encontros de ontem, de hoje, na esperança do amanhã / This research has been accomplished in a process of exchanges established through letters. Letters that keep instigating companions that directly or indirectly on different occasions and in different places have made themselves present in the trajectory of the educator that impels them to think over their life experiences for the benefit of education. The letters come, bringing news, highlighting styles, ways of acting and being in the world, raising questions, registering experiences and different forms of perceiving and feeling things, sharing with others, thinking, experiencing life, creating. In their endless comings and goings, polyphonically, peaces of life histories are delineated, meaningful personalities are marked and educational movements are accentuated, while promoting discussions where culture, art, education and reading are interlaced. Face to face conversations in interactions created with invited interlocutors are called for and are sought after. Other exchanges are established between the senders of the letters, that come and go, having autors such as Bakhtin, Paulo Freire, Herbert Read, Fayga Ostrower, among others, as participants in this thinking process. They are exchanges which take place in the past, in the present, in the hope of a future. This research has been accomplished in a process of exchanges established through letters. Letters that keep instigating companions that directly or indirectly on different occasions and in different places have made themselves present in the trajectory of the educator that impels them to think over their life experiences for the benefit of education. The letters come, bringing news, highlighting styles, ways of acting and being in the world, raising questions, registering experiences and different forms of perceiving and feeling things, sharing with others, thinking, experiencing life, creating. In their endless comings and goings, polyphonically, peaces of life histories are delineated, meaningful personalities are marked and educational movements are accentuated, while promoting discussions where culture, art, education and reading are interlaced. Face to face conversations in interactions created with invited interlocutors are called for and are sought after. Other exchanges are established between the senders of the letters, that come and go, having autors such as Bakhtin, Paulo Freire, Herbert Read, Fayga Ostrower, among others, as participants in this thinking process. They are exchanges which take place in the past, in the present, in the hope of a future.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico / Em linhas gerais, este estudo pretende compreender as relações entre movimento, corporeidade e o fazer pedagógico do professor da Educação Infantil. Em termos específicos, busca-se discutir a sua prática, com especial atenção para a utilização do movimento espontâneo, aspectos da motricidade e das atividades lúdicas como forma de promover, a organização da sua corporeidade, de forma harmônica e equilibrada, refletindo no clima educativo da escola. Esclarecemos que a corporeidade, neste trabalho, é entendida como uma área relativamente nova, que tem o homem como objeto de estudo onde seu corpo é o centro de experiências, sensações e criações, visando aspectos da globalidade do ser e seu autoconhecimento. O referencial teórico tem sua base na sócio-antropologia do cotidiano, tendo como principais teóricos Edgar Morin e Michel Maffesoli e dos estudiosos da corporeidade Angel Vianna, André Lapierre, Bernard Aucouturier, Esteban Levin, Jean Le Boulch e Vitor da Fonseca, dentre outros. Como instrumentos metodológicos foram utilizadas a observação, entrevistas e oficinas, nas escolas selecionadas realizadas, com os professores. As entrevistas são apresentadas neste trabalho sob a forma narrativa, com vistas a evocar a experiência humana de forma significativa, favorecer a reflexão sobre os relatos dos sujeitos; dar voz aos sujeitos participantes do estudo; organizar percepção, pensamento, a memória e a ação tendo como sujeitos da pesquisa, professores de duas escolas municipais e uma escola particular do Rio de Janeiro. Através das práticas corporais, as professoras que participaram desta pesquisa, foram mobilizadas para a realização das atividades pedagógicas à luz de um paradigma complexo aberto para a vida, para a arte, para o lúdico e para o sensível e constataram que quando o professor aprende a se expressar com o corpo, assume sua real identidade e equilíbrio, relacionando-se efetivamente com seus alunos, em uma parceria tônica, afetiva, lúdica. / All in all, this study aims to understand the connections between movement, bodily movement competence and the way teaching is applied in Infant Education. To be specific, the objective of this study is to discuss its practice, focusing on the use of spontaneous movement, aspects of motricity and playful a activities. The organization of bodily movement competence is promoted through the topics mentioned above, in a harmonic and balanced way, reflecting on the educational atmosphere of the school. Its imperative to state that the bodily movement competence, in this study, is seen as a relatively new area, which has the human being body as the topic being studied, its sensations and creations, aiming whole aspects of human beings and their self-awareness. The theoretical referential is based on day to day socio-anthropology, having Edgar Morin and Michel Maffesoli as the main theoreticians and Angel Vianna, Anddré Lapierre, Bernard Acouturier, Esteban Levin, Jean Le Boulch and Vitor da Fonseca among others, as studious of bodily movement ability. As methodological instruments they used observation, interviews and workshops at the schools where the study took place. The interviews are shown in narrative, aiming to evoke human experience in a meaningful way, favor reflection on the subjects statements; enable the subjects who took part in this study to speak, raise awareness, thoughts, memory and action, using as subjects of this research, teachers of two state schools and a one private school from Rio de Janeiro. By means of these bodily practices, the teachers who participated in this research have been mobilized to go through pedagogic activities conducted by a complex paradigm open to life, to art, to playful and to sensibility. It has been concluded that when the teacher learns to express himself using his body, he shows his real identity, connecting effectively with his students, in perfect partnership, which in not only effective but also playful.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta pesquisa analisa o processo de introdução das temáticas ambientais no currículo chileno no Segundo Segmento do Ensino Fundamental entre os anos 1996 e 2002. Foi considerado como início do processo de elaboração de um novo currículo (1996) a transformação da disciplina Ciências Naturalez em Estudio y Comprensión de la Natureza. O foco desta pesquisa está centrado nos Quinto, Sexto, Sétimo e oitavo ano de Ensino Fundamental, dirigido a alunos de 10 a 13 anos de idade. Defendo que incorporação do discurso da educação ambiental se insere no processo mais amplo de apropriação de discursos internacionais e dos novos objetivos do país retornando à democracia, com uma nova política de modernização. Para tal, foram investigados os decretos curriculares 40, 240, 232, os Objetivos Fundamentales (OF), Contenidos Mínimos Obligatorios (CMO) e Planes y Programas de estudio dos anos citados, revistas, páginas web e diversos documentos que permitiram entender a circulação de discursos referentes às temáticas ambientais e de modernização do país de volta à democracia. Como apoio às investigações feitas, foram entrevistadas, no atual país de residência o Chile, algumas pessoas relacionadas com esse processo de mudança, como Cristian Cox, Jacqueline Gysling, Jaime Cornejo, bem como foram investigadas organizações que tiveram influência nesse processo como a ?Casa de la Paz? e a Revista de História Natural. Foram utilizados os aportes teóricos de Ciclo de Políticas de Stephen Ball em relação ao processo de produção de políticas, com privilégio para a investigação dos Contextos de Influência e de Produção de Texto. Igualmente foram utilizados os aportes de Ivor Goodson referente à construção social das disciplinas escolares e à importância do contexto político, econômico e social e sua dinâmica gerada para a criação de determinadas políticas. Concluo que, ao mesmo tempo em que foram desenvolvidos objetivos integradores na nova disciplina, foi incorporada a demanda relacionada à renovação pedagógica, buscando centrar o processo de ensino na aprendizagem do aluno, privilegiando suas inquietudes e conhecimentos prévios, e tornando a disciplina mais ativa e exploratória. Nesse sentido é que defendo que a incorporação das temáticas ambientais, tanto evidencia o projeto de modernização do ensino, legitimado por discursos internacionais, como demonstra um tratamento local dessas questões: um desenvolvimento transversal e interdisciplinar, defendido por distintas comunidades disciplinares. / This research analyzes the process of introducing environmental issues in the Chilean curriculum of the Basic Education Second Stage, between 1996 and 2002. The transformation of the discipline Ciencias Naturales (Natural Sciences) into Estudio y Comprensión de la Naturaleza (Studying and Understanding Nature) was considered the beginning of the elaboration of a new curriculum (1996). This research is focused on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grade of basic education, directed at students from 10 to 13 years old. I argue that incorporating the environmental education discourse is inserted into a broader process of appropriating international discourses, and the new objectives of the country returning to democracy, with a new modernization policy. To this extent, we investigated curricular decrees number 40, 240, 232, the Objetivos Fundamentales (Fundamental Objectives), Contenidos Mínimos Obligatorios (Obligatory Minimum Contents), and Planes y Programas de estudio (Study Plans and Programs) of the mentioned years, journals, web pages, and several other documents. They enabled us to understand the circulation of discourses related to environmental and modernization issues in the country returning to democracy. To support the investigations, some persons connected to this process were interviewed in Chile, such as Cristian Cox, Jacqueline Gysling, and Jaime Cornejo. Likewise, organizations that influenced this process, such as ?Casa de la Paz? (Peace House) and the Revista de Historia Natural (Natural History Journal) were also researched. We used the theoretical contributions of the Policy Cycle by Stephen Ball related to the process of policy production, focusing on the investigation of Contexts of Influence and Text Production. We also used the contributions of Ivor Goodson related to the social construction of school disciplines and the importance of the political, economic, and social contexts, and the dynamics generated for developing certain policies. I conclude that integrating objectives were developed in the new discipline, while at the same time the demand for pedagogical renovation was incorporated, seeking to focus the teaching process on students? learning, and privileging their concerns and previous knowledge, thus, making the discipline more active and exploratory. To this extent, I argue that the incorporation of environmental issues shows evidence of the teaching modernization project, legitimized by international discourses; it also demonstrates a local treatment of these issues ? a cross-cutting and interdisciplinary development supported by different disciplinary communities.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The present study introduces the subject âEducation and maroon community: EJAâs relationship with customs and African traditions in the maroon Communities Ãfrica and Laranjituba in Moju/PAâ, conducted in the CaetÃâs Maroon Territory. Antonio Olintoâs work, Alma da Ãfrica trilogy, a literary text that introduces an Africa with its customs and traditions, political, human and cultural issues since the independence of the ancient colonies grounds the customs and African traditions. The main goal is to research if the EJAâs educative process considers the customs and African traditions of Larajituba and Ãfrica communities. EJAâs study starts during the process of industrialization and concentration at downtown, nearly 30âs, when the Brazilian system of education gets finally consolided. The first stage of the research was realized with a great bibliographical review, by examining written texts about the black people in Parà and EJA searching out about if the educative process really considers those customs and African traditions. The second stage adopted a Collaborative Research, developed in reunions with 28 participants, among teachers, students and parents, who acted in a mutual supportive, with shared goals and agreed by the group involved. The study concluded that in spite of the effort in provide a curricular proposal for EJA, realized by the Mojuâs department of education, with a specific methodology for those remaining maroons, thereâs still such a lot of efforts so that the educational process in the Laranjituba e Ãfrica maroon communities practice the specific methodology of the curricular proposal. The research brings a relevant contribution to the EJAâs guidelines of Mojuâs county, as well as to the Enhancement and Specialization courses offered by IFPA training that develops in the county of Moju. / O estudo âEDUCAÃÃO E COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS LARANJITUBA E ÃFRICA â MUNICÃPIO DE MOJU/PA: relaÃÃo da EJA com costumes e tradiÃÃes de base africanaâ foi realizado no TerritÃrio Quilombola do CaetÃ. A obra de Antonio Olinto, trilogia Alma da Ãfrica, texto literÃrio que apresenta a Ãfrica com seus costumes e tradiÃÃes, problemas polÃticos, humanos, culturais desde a independÃncia das antigas colÃnias na Ãfrica, fundamenta os costumes e tradiÃÃes africanos. O objetivo à investigar se o processo educativo da EJA considera os costumes e tradiÃÃes africanas das comunidades Laranjituba e Ãfrica. O estudo sobre a EJA comeÃa no processo de industrializaÃÃo e concentraÃÃo nos centros urbanos, ocorridos a partir da dÃcada de 30, quando hà consolidaÃÃo de um sistema de educaÃÃo no Brasil. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, foi realizada ampla revisÃo bibliogrÃfica e documental, com anÃlise de textos escritos sobre o negro no Parà e a EJA em busca do entendimento sobre o processo educativo para verificar se ele considera costumes e tradiÃÃes africanas. Na segunda fase, foi adotada a Pesquisa Colaborativa, desenvolvida em reuniÃes com 28 participantes entre professores, alunos e pais que trabalharam conjuntamente em apoio mÃtuo, com objetivos comuns e pactuados pelo grupo envolvido. O estudo concluiu que, apesar de jà existir esforÃo da secretaria de educaÃÃo do municÃpio de Moju em construir uma proposta curricular para a EJA, elaborada pelos professores, com metodologia especÃfica para remanescentes de quilombos, ainda faltam muitos outros esforÃos a fim de que o processo de ensino nas escolas das comunidades quilombolas Laranjituba e Ãfrica de fato coloquem em prÃtica as metodologias especÃficas da proposta curricular. Assim, a pesquisa traz relevante contribuiÃÃo Ãs Diretrizes da EJA do municÃpio de Moju, bem como aos cursos de AperfeiÃoamento e EspecializaÃÃo ofertados pelo IFPA que desenvolve formaÃÃo no municÃpio de Moju.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Breast cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease, which has strong influence of genetic and environmental factors and that mainly affects women after menopause. About 20% of cases occur in patients younger than 40 years, which is the lower the accuracy of mammography, which makes it more costly screening. Obesity is a chronic disease, accounting for a global epidemic. In women, breast cancer and endometrial cancer has been most types of cancers associated with excess weight. Breast cancer is most common among women with high body mass index (BMI), especially in postmenopausal women confers a high risk for this disease. This increased risk is due, after menopause, women stop producing estrogen by the ovaries to produce and pass peripherally in adipose tissue through the conversion of androgens by the enzyme aromatase. Breast tumors with estrogen receptors grow more often in obese patients. On the other hand, the physical activity may decrease the risk of developing breast cancer. This work aims to study the female population living in the neighborhood Rodolfo, in Fortaleza, to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity from body mass index, the main purpose being to indirectly assess the relationship between height and weight of the individual. We evaluated 1969 women in the age group between 30 and => 70 years, voluntary participation in the research. We used the calculation of BMI to diagnose overweight and obesity, which was divided into the value of body mass (kg) by squared height, measured in meters (kg/m2). Were used as a diagnostic criterion of nutritional status cutoff points proposed by WHO. BMI was calculated from information reported weight and height of the individual, and we used the cutoff points of 25 kg/m2 to classify overweight and 30 kg/m2 for obesity. It was observed that among overweight women, 33.1% were white, 2.1% were black and 64.9% were brown, whereas among women with obesity level 1, 31.2% were white, 4.4 % were black and 64.4% were mixed, with regard to women with obesity level 2, 24.6% were white, 6.2% were black and 69.2% were brown, and finally among women with obesity at 3 , 31.3% were white, 3.1% were black and 65.7% were mixed. The inferential statistical analysis allowed us to affirm, through the probability of significance for the chi-square test, the incidence of overweight and obesity was independent of race (p = 0.222). The study using the standardized adjusted residuals that are in modulus greater than 1.96 to p = 0.05, indicating that the cells move away from the null hypothesis (Ho) of independence. The higher residual (1.7) with respect to black women with level 2 of obesity, confirming the above result. / O cÃncer de mama à uma doenÃa complexa e multifatorial, que sofre forte influÃncia de fatores genÃticos e ambientais e que acomete principalmente mulheres na pÃs-menopausa. Cerca de 20% dos casos ocorrem em pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos, onde à menor a acurÃcia da mamografia, o que torna mais oneroso o rastreamento. A obesidade à considerada uma doenÃa crÃnica, correspondendo a uma epidemia mundial. Em mulheres, o cÃncer de mama e de endomÃtrio tem sido os tipos de neoplasias mais associadas ao excesso de peso. O cÃncer de mama à o mais comum entre as mulheres com elevado Ãndice de massa corpÃrea (IMC), especialmente em mulheres pÃs-menopausadas, confere um alto risco para essa doenÃa. Esse aumento no risco se dà devido, apÃs a menopausa, a mulher deixar de produzir estrÃgeno pelos ovÃrios e passar a produzir perifericamente no tecido adiposo atravÃs da conversÃo dos andrÃgenos pela enzima aromatase. Tumores de mama com receptores para estrÃgeno costumam crescer mais em pacientes obesas. Por outro lado, a prÃtica de atividades fÃsicas pode diminuir o risco de desenvolvimento de neoplasia mamÃria. Este trabalho objetiva estudar a populaÃÃo feminina residente no Bairro Rodolfo, em Fortaleza-CE, para identificar a prevalÃncia de sobrepeso e obesidade, a partir do Ãndice de Massa Corporal, sendo a principal finalidade avaliar indiretamente a relaÃÃo entre altura e peso corporal do indivÃduo. Foram avaliadas 1969 mulheres no grupo etÃrio entre 30 e => 70 anos, voluntÃrias à participaÃÃo da pesquisa. Utilizou-se o cÃlculo do IMC para diagnosticar o sobrepeso e a obesidade, em que foi dividido o valor da massa corporal (kg) pelo quadrado da estatura, medida em metros (kg/m2). Foram utilizados como critÃrio de diagnÃstico do estado nutricional os pontos de corte propostos pela WHO. O IMC foi calculado a partir de informaÃÃes referidas de peso e altura do indivÃduo, sendo utilizados os pontos de corte de 25 kg/m2 para classificaÃÃo de sobrepeso e 30 kg/m2 para obesidade. Observou-se que entre as mulheres com sobrepeso, 33,1 % eram brancas, 2,1% eram negras e 64,9 % eram pardas; jà entre as mulheres com obesidade nÃvel 1, 31,2 % eram brancas, 4,4 % eram negras e 64,4 % eram pardas; com relaÃÃo Ãs mulheres com obesidade nÃvel 2, 24,6 % eram brancas, 6,2 % eram negras e 69,2 % eram pardas; finalmente, entre as mulheres com obesidade nÃvel 3, 31,3 % eram brancas, 3,1 % eram negras e 65,7 % eram pardas. A anÃlise estatÃstica inferencial permitiu afirmar, por meio da probabilidade de significÃncia para o teste qui-quadrado, que a incidÃncia de sobrepeso e obesidade foi independente da raÃa (p = 0,222). O estudo atravÃs dos resÃduos ajustados estandardizados que em mÃdulo sejam superiores a 1,96, para p = 0,05, indicam as cÃlulas que se afastam da hipÃtese nula (Ho) de independÃncia. O maior resÃduo (1,7) diz respeito Ãs mulheres negras com nÃvel de obesidade 2, corroborando o resultado acima.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Night eating syndrome (NES) is currently defined by at least 25% of daily food intake after the evening meal and/ or two or more episodes of nocturnal eating per week. The prevalence of SAN in the general population has been estimated to be around 1.5%. Despite several reports that, in adults, NES is much more frequent among the obese, the nature of the relationship between NES and obesity remains unclear. Furthermore, very little is known about NES in children and adolescents. The 14-item Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) is a self-administered instrument that has been widely used as a screening tool for NES as well as to monitor response to treatment in patients with this condition. The purpose of this study was to develop an assessment tool suitable for adolescents and also to investigate the prevalence of NES and its relationship with obesity in this age group. A Portuguese language version of NEQ previously validated for use in Brazilian adult subjects was completed by 463 students (49, 7% males) aged between 11 and 18 (mean  SD = 13.7  1.2) y, from three high schools in Fortaleza and reapplied to 27 students, after 7 days. Reproducibility and internal consistency were evaluated by test-retest (intraclass correlation = 0.92) and CronbachÂs &#945; = 0.73). Height and body weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Sixty five (14%) participants were underweight; 304 (65.7%) had normal weight; 48 (10.4%) were classified as overweight and 46 (9.9%) as obese. On average, NEQ global score was 14.2  6.4 and intensity of symptoms compatible with the diagnosis of NES (global score &#8805;25) was present in 39 (8.4%) participants. There was no difference in BMI and age between individuals with symptoms of NES and those without symptoms. Compared to other students, overweight and obese participants reported less morning appetite (p <0.001) and a higher proportion of daily food consumption after dinner (p <0.001). In summary, this new version of NEQ for Brazilian adolescents has excellent reproducibility and good internal consistency. Obesity rates in High school teenagers from Fortaleza lies above the regional average. Overweight and obese adolescents report reduced morning appetite and a high proportion of food consumption after dinner. However, there is no evidence of an association between intensity of night eating symptoms and BMI in this age group. More studies of children and adolescents, using instruments with adequate measurement properties, are needed to investigate the factors related to the development of SAN and obesity in these age groups. / A SÃndrome alimentar noturna (SAN) à definida por ingestÃo calÃrica &#8805; 25% do total diÃrio apÃs a refeiÃÃo da noite e/ ou dois ou mais despertares noturnos semanais acompanhados de alimentaÃÃo. A prevalÃncia de SAN na populaÃÃo geral à estimada em 1,5%. Embora a frequencia de SAN seja bem maior nos adultos obesos, a natureza da relaÃÃo entre SAN e obesidade permanece incerta. Estudos sobre a SAN em crianÃas e adolescentes sÃo escassos. O QuestionÃrio Alimentar Noturno (QAN) à um instrumento autoaplicÃvel composto de 14 itens, originalmente desenvolvido para avaliar sintomas da SAN na populaÃÃo norte-americana adulta e tem sido amplamente utilizado como instrumento de triagem e acompanhamento de pacientes com esta condiÃÃo. Com o objetivo de desenvolver um instrumento de avaliaÃÃo adequado a adolescentes e investigar a relaÃÃo entre sintomas alimentares noturnos e obesidade nessa populaÃÃo, uma versÃo do QAN previamente traduzida e validada para adultos brasileiros foi adaptada e aplicada a 463 estudantes (sexo masculino= 49,7%) com idades entre 11 e 18 (mÃdiaÂDP= 13,7Â1,2) anos, de trÃs escolas secundÃrias pÃblicas de Fortaleza e reaplicada, em 27 alunos, apÃs 7 dias. Reprodutibilidade e confilabilidade foram avaliadas pelo teste- reteste (correlaÃÃo intraclasse= 0,92) e coefiente &#945; de Cronbach= 0,73). Estatura e o peso corporal foram determinados para cÃlculo do Ãndice de massa corporal (IMC). Em 65 (14%) participantes, observou-se baixo peso; em 304 (65,7%), peso normal; em 48 (10,4%), sobrepeso e em 46 (9,9%) obesidade. O escore global mÃdio do QAN foi 14,2Â6,4 e uma intensidade de sintomas compatÃvel com o diagnÃstico de SAN (escore global&#8805;25) foi observada em 39 (8,4%) participantes. NÃo houve diferenÃa no IMC ou idade entre indivÃduos com sintomas compatÃveis com SAN e os demais. Estudantes com sobrepeso e obesidade relataram menos apetite matinal (p< 0,001) e maior proporÃÃo de alimentos ingeridos apÃs o jantar (p< 0,001), comparados Ãqueles sem excesso de peso. Em resumo, a versÃo da QAN adaptada para adolescentes brasileiros apresenta excelente reprodutibilidade e boa consistÃncia interna. Adolescentes secundaristas da rede pÃblica de Fortaleza apresentam taxa de obesidade acima da mÃdia regional. Adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade relatam menos apetite matinal e maior proporÃÃo de alimentos ingeridos apÃs o jantar, em comparaÃÃo Ãqueles sem excesso de peso porÃm nÃo se evidencia uma associaÃÃo entre intensidade dos sintomas alimentares e IMC nessa faixa etÃria. Novos estudos envolvendo crianÃas e adolescentes, utilizando instrumentos com propriedades de medida adequada, sÃo necessÃrios para investigar os fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de SAN e obesidade nesta faixa etÃria.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disease that affects a large number of individuals nowadays and is frequently associated with a sedentary life, reduced hours of sleep, obesity and metabolic alterations. Poor habits and associated comorbidities such as heart disease, peripheral neuropathy and depressive symptoms may influence functional outcome in these patients. Physical activity has been gradually recognized as an important tool in the therapeutic management of T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Usually, with increased disease duration, patients present worsening of symptoms and functional decline. Hospitalization has been recognized as a measure of disease severity and functional decline. Furthermore, daytime sleepiness is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the population. This is a prospective study and the objective is to evaluate the relationship between physical activity, clinical and demographic characteristics and associated comorbidities. Also, an evaluation of risk factors associated with hospitalization and worsening of daytime sleepiness after two years is performed. Patients with T2DM (N=145) aged between 40 and 60 years (52.7Â5.7 ) recruited from the Centro Integrado de Diabetes e HipertensÃo (CIDH) in Fortaleza were studied from 2010 to 2013. At baseline and after two years, patients were evaluated about clinical and demographic characteristics, the development of stroke, arterial hypertension, hospitalization, use of hypnotics, level of physical activity and degree of daytime sleepiness. Behavioral questionnaires were used to evaluate comorbidity severity (Charlson Comorbidity Index), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventary), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS>10), physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey, SF-36). In this study, 87 women and 58 men completed initial assessment and follow-up. Hypertension was initially found in 108 cases (74%) and 10 (6.9%) patients developed hypertension after two years. At baseline, nine individuals were smokers (6%) and 16 were alcohol users (16 %). After two years, the number of alcohol users was reduced (N=13; 9%). After two-years, the number of sedentary patients decreased from 70% (N=101) to 52 % (N=76) and an increased number of moderately active patients, initially (N=43) 30%, evolved to 35% (N= 51), and new active individuals were identified (13%, N= 18; p <0,005). After two-years, multiple regression analysis showed that a more active physical activity level (IPAQ) was independently associated with fewer hospitalizations. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (ESS>10) was frequently found (N=51, 35.1%). At baseline, men had more EDS than women (52.9% vs 33.0, p=0.02). Initially, multiple regression analysis showed that the level of physical activity was independently associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (OR=0.52, CI=0.29-0.92, p=0.02). After two years of follow-up, 75 patients (51.7%) remained at the same level of daytime sleepiness, 41 (28.3%) had higher levels of sleepiness levels and 29 (20.0%) showed reduced levels of daytime sleepiness. Patients with a sedentary lifestyle evolved with more daytime sleepiness and those more active evolved with less daytime sleepiness (ESE escores, p<0.05). DM2 female patients and cases with stroke evolved with more daytime sleepiness. Physical activity level was more beneficial to reduce daytime sleepiness in women. In conclusion, this study shows that better physical activity levels are associated with less hospitalization after two yesr. Our data confirm the beneficial effects of physical activity in patients with T2DM. Keywords: / O Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) à uma doenÃa comum que afeta um grande nÃmero de indivÃduos e frequentemente associa-se a hÃbitos sedentÃrios, restriÃÃo das horas de sono, obesidade e alteraÃÃes metabÃlicas. HÃbitos e comorbidades associadas tais como, doenÃas cardiovasculares, disfunÃÃes neuropÃticas e sintomas depressivos podem influenciar o desempenho funcional. Com o decorrer da doenÃa, os pacientes apresentam piora dos sintomas e um declÃnio funcional. A atividade fÃsica tem sido reconhecida como uma ferramenta importante no manuseio terapÃutico do DM2 e da sÃndrome metabÃlica. Este estudo consiste em uma avaliaÃÃo prospectiva de pacientes com DM2, e tem por objetivo examinar a relaÃÃo entre os nÃveis de atividade fÃsica, as caracterÃsticas clinico/demogrÃficas, as comorbidades associadas, as alteraÃÃes do sono e a hospitalizaÃÃo inicialmente e dois anos de seguimento. Foram estudados 145 pacientes entre 40 e 60 anos (52,7Â5,7) provenientes do Centro Integrado de Diabetes e HipertensÃo (CIDH) na cidade de Fortaleza no perÃodo de 2010 a 2013. Foram utilizados questionÃrios comportamentais para avaliar a gravidade das comorbidades (Charlson Comorbidity Index), a qualidade do sono (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), os sintomas depressivos (Beck Depression Inventary), a sonolÃncia diurna (SED) (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESSE>10), o nÃvel de atividade fÃsica (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) e a qualidade de vida (Short-Form Health Survey, SF-36). ApÃs dois anos, os indivÃduos foram reavaliados quanto ao desenvolvimento de acidente vascular cerebral, hipertensÃo, internaÃÃo hospitalar, uso de hipnÃticos, grau de atividade fÃsica e piora da sonolÃncia diurna. Oitenta e sete mulheres e 58 homens concluÃram a avaliaÃÃo inicial e o follow-up. A hipertensÃo arterial foi encontrada em 108 casos (74%) e novos casos (N=10, 6,9%) foram detectados. No inÃcio do estudo, nove indivÃduos eram fumantes (6%) e 16 eram usuÃrios de Ãlcool (16%). ApÃs dois anos, observou-se uma reduÃÃo no nÃmero de usuÃrios de Ãlcool (9%). Em relaÃÃo à atividade fÃsica, apÃs dois anos, o nÃmero de pacientes sedentÃrios diminuiu de 70% (N=101) para 52% (n=76) e observou-se um aumento do nÃmero de pacientes moderadamente ativos que progrediu de 30% para 35% (N= 51) e o surgimento de pacientes ativos (13%, N= 18; p <0,005). A anÃlise prospectiva, apÃs dois anos, mostrou que um estado fÃsico mais ativo associou-se de forma independente com menor ocorrÃncia de hospitalizaÃÃo (p=0.02). SonolÃncia foi comum entre os pacientes com DM2. Cinquenta e um (N= 51, 35%) apresentaram SED (ESE>10). Inicialmente, os homens apresentavam mais SED que as mulheres (52,9% vs 33,0, p=0,02). A anÃlise de regressÃo logÃstica mÃltipla na fase inicial mostrou que o nÃvel de atividade fÃsica associou-se de forma independente com a SED (OR=0,52, CI=0,29-0.92, p=0,02). ApÃs dois anos, 75 pacientes (51,7%) apresentaram o mesmo nÃvel de sonolÃncia, 41 (28,3%) pioraram e 29 (20.0%) melhoraram. Os pacientes sedentÃrios evoluÃram com piora da sonolÃncia (ESS escores) e os mais ativos evoluÃram com melhora (ESE escores, p<0,05). Pacientes com DM2 do sexo feminino e aqueles com acidente vascular cerebral evoluÃram com piora da sonolÃncia. A atividade fÃsica foi mais benÃfica para reduzir o grau de sonolÃncia nas mulheres. Em conclusÃo, esse estudo mostra que um melhor nÃvel de atividade fÃsica associa-se com menor ocorrÃncia de hospitalizaÃÃo apÃs dois anos. Inicialmente os pacientes mais ativos apresentavam reduÃÃo dos nÃveis de sonolÃncia e os pacientes mais sedentÃrios evoluÃram com piora dos nÃveis de sonolÃncia. Os dados atuais confirmam os benefÃcios da atividade fÃsica em pacientes com DM2. ABSTRACT Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disease that affects a large number of individuals nowadays and is frequently associated with a sedentary life, reduced hours of sleep, obesity and metabolic alterations. Poor habits and associated comorbidities such as heart disease, peripheral neuropathy and depressive symptoms may influence functional outcome in these patients. Physical activity has been gradually recognized as an important tool in the therapeutic management of T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Usually, with increased disease duration, patients present worsening of symptoms and functional decline. Hospitalization has been recognized as a measure of disease severity and functional decline. Furthermore, daytime sleepiness is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the population. This is a prospective study and the objective is to evaluate the relationship between physical activity, clinical and demographic characteristics and associated comorbidities. Also, an evaluation of risk factors associated with hospitalization and worsening of daytime sleepiness after two years is performed. Patients with T2DM (N=145) aged between 40 and 60 years (52.7Â5.7 ) recruited from the Centro Integrado de Diabetes e HipertensÃo (CIDH) in Fortaleza were studied from 2010 to 2013. At baseline and after two years, patients were evaluated about clinical and demographic characteristics, the development of stroke, arterial hypertension, hospitalization, use of hypnotics, level of physical activity and degree of daytime sleepiness. Behavioral questionnaires were used to evaluate comorbidity severity (Charlson Comorbidity Index), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventary), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS>10), physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey, SF-36). In this study, 87 women and 58 men completed initial assessment and follow-up. Hypertension was initially found in 108 cases (74%) and 10 (6.9%) patients developed hypertension after two years. At baseline, nine individuals were smokers (6%) and 16 were alcohol users (16 %). After two years, the number of alcohol users was reduced (N=13; 9%). After two-years, the number of sedentary patients decreased from 70% (N=101) to 52 % (N=76) and an increased number of moderately active patients, initially (N=43) 30%, evolved to 35% (N= 51), and new active individuals were identified (13%, N= 18; p <0,005). After two-years, multiple regression analysis showed that a more active physical activity level (IPAQ) was independently associated with fewer hospitalizations. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (ESS>10) was frequently found (N=51, 35.1%). At baseline, men had more EDS than women (52.9% vs 33.0, p=0.02). Initially, multiple regression analysis showed that the level of physical activity was independently associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (OR=0.52, CI=0.29-0.92, p=0.02). After two years of follow-up, 75 patients (51.7%) remained at the same level of daytime sleepiness, 41 (28.3%) had higher levels of sleepiness levels and 29 (20.0%) showed reduced levels of daytime sleepiness. Patients with a sedentary lifestyle evolved with more daytime sleepiness and those more active evolved with less daytime sleepiness (ESE escores, p<0.05). DM2 female patients and cases with stroke evolved with more daytime sleepiness. Physical activity level was more beneficial to reduce daytime sleepiness in women. In conclusion, this study shows that better physical activity levels are associated with less hospitalization after two yesr. Our data confirm the beneficial effects of physical activity in patients with T2DM. Keywords: Diabetes, Physical Activity, Hospitalization, Sleepiness, Epworth, Stroke LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A formaÃÃo do mÃdico caracteriza-se por intensa dedicaÃÃo a conteÃdos curriculares e extracurriculares que ocupam o tempo do estudante de forma integral e por cobranÃas constantes que se iniciam ainda na seleÃÃo para entrada do curso universitÃrio indo atà à prÃpria responsabilidade que vem com a prÃtica da profissÃo. O estresse enfrentado pelos estudantes de Medicina aliado ao sedentarismo e maus hÃbitos alimentares, promovem, alÃm do comprometimento emocional e psicolÃgico, maior risco de desenvolvimento de doenÃas crÃnicas especialmente obesidade, doenÃas cardiovasculares, diabetes e cÃncer. Os benefÃcios da aptidÃo fÃsica sobre a saÃde e prevenÃÃo de doenÃas crÃnicas estÃo amplamente relatados na literatura. No entanto, existem poucas investigaÃÃes sobre esse tema, especialmente com estudantes de medicina. Este estudo objetivou descrever a aptidÃo fÃsica (composiÃÃo corporal, forÃa muscular, flexibilidade, aptidÃo musculoesquelÃtica) relacionada à saÃde, de estudantes de medicina da UFC e comparar seus componentes nos diferentes semestres. O presente estudo de corte transversal foi composto por 194 estudantes de medicina. Foi realizada coleta de informaÃÃes sociodemogrÃficas, o nÃvel de atividade fÃsica aferida pelo International Physical Activity questionary â IPAQ short version e medidas e valores da composiÃÃo corporal, flexibilidade, forÃa muscular e aptidÃo musculoesquelÃtica. Foi evidenciado elevados percentuais de alteraÃÃes nos componentes da aptidÃo fÃsica relacionados à saÃde: PG (70,0%); FMD (93,8%); FME (62,4%); F (68,0%) e TSL (69,6%). As mulheres apresentaram mÃdia de PG mais elevada que os homens (26,1Â7,8 vs 19,4 Â8,2). As mÃdias das CA, CC e PA dos homens foram maiores que das mulheres (com significÃncia estatÃstica). O presente estudo apresentou diferenÃas significativas na mÃdia das variÃveis da composiÃÃo corporal (CA, IMC e PG) e F entre os semestres iniciais e intermediÃrios. A prevalÃncia de indivÃduos inativos de acordo com a classificaÃÃo do Protocolo IPAQ foi de 65,5%, sendo 49,6% de homens e 50,4% de mulheres (sem diferenÃa estatÃstica entre os gÃneros). Este estudo demonstrou, na populaÃÃo avaliada, elevada prevalÃncia de alteraÃÃes nos componentes constituintes da aptidÃo fÃsica relacionados à saÃde, tais como a flexibilidade, composiÃÃo corporal, forÃa muscular e aptidÃo musculoesquelÃtica. AlÃm disso, a mÃdia da flexibilidade, circunferÃncia abdominal, IMC, % de Ãgua e gordura apresentaram diferenÃas entre os semestres iniciais e intermediÃrios. Apesar das evidencias quanto aos benefÃcios da prÃtica de atividade fÃsica, evidenciou-se que os estudantes foram em, sua maioria, considerados inativos, segundo as classificaÃÃes do IPAQ. Esses achados sugerem que, aÃÃes intervencionistas mais efetivas direcionadas à adoÃÃo e manutenÃÃo de um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo devam ser adotadas durante a formaÃÃo universitÃria. / Throughout their formation, medical students are required to commit diligently to a highly taxing full-time curriculum and are perpetually burdened by the large responsibility inherent in their profession. Combined with sedentarism and inadequate nutrition, this stressful routine can compromise emotional and psychological health and increase the risk of chronic conditions, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Although the benefits of physical fitness to health and to chronic disease prevention have been extensively documented, few investigations have focused on medical students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the components of health-related physical fitness (body composition, strength, flexibility and musculoskeletal fitness) of Brazilian medical students, comparing early and late semesters. The study was cross-sectional and included 194 medical students. Information was collected on sociodemographic variables, the level of physical activity (using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body composition, strength, flexibility and musculoskeletal fitness. The prevalence of health-related physical changes was very high: fat percentage=70.0%, right hand grip strength=93.8%, left hand grip strength=62.4%, flexibility=68.0%, and sitting-rising test score=69.6%. The average fat percentage was higher in females (26.1Â7.8 vs. 19.4Â8.2), while the average abdominal and neck circumference and water percentage were significantly greater in males. Subjects in early semesters differed significantly from subjects in intermediate semesters with regard to body composition (abdominal circumference, body mass index, and fat percentage) and flexibility. According to the questionnaire, the prevalence of inactive subjects was 65.5% (men 49.6% vs. women 50.4%; p>0.05). Our findings reveal a high prevalence of health-related physical changes in body composition, strength, flexibility and musculoskeletal fitness. In addition, average flexibility, abdominal circumference, body mass index, and water and fat percentages varied significantly between early and intermediate semesters. Despite general awareness of the benefits of physical activity, most students were classified as inactive. This points to the relevance of implementing health-related interventions to help medical students adopt and maintain a physically active lifestyle throughout their college experiece