This thesis deals with the eye gaze tracking and determining the direction and the place of the view. The overview of methods for determining the view direction is provided here. The direct 3D gaze estimation technique is proposed and implemented. The eye gaze can be estimated by using a single camera and under nature head movement. This paper describes the algorithms for the image processing and the image description. The center of the pupil is determined by the genetic algorithm for the ellipse detection. The procedures of the instrumentation calibration are proposed here as well. The work also addresses the issue of the determining the eye location. Finally, the comparison of the accuracy with similar projects is mentioned in my thesis.

The PhD thesis deals with modern methods of image processing, especially image segmentation, classification and evaluation of parameters. It is focused primarily on processing medical images of soft tissues obtained by magnetic resonance tomography (MR) and microscopic images of tissues. It is easy to describe edges of the sought objects using of segmented images. The edges found can be useful for further processing of monitored object such as calculating the perimeter, surface and volume evaluation or even three-dimensional shape reconstruction. The proposed solutions can be used for the classification of healthy/unhealthy tissues in MR or other imaging. Application examples of the proposed segmentation methods are shown in this thesis. Research in the area of image segmentation is focused on methods based on solving partial differential equations. This is a modern method for image processing, often called the active contour method. It is of great advantage in the segmentation of real images degraded by noise with fuzzy edges and transitions between objects. The results of the thesis are methods proposed for automatic image segmentation and classification.

This diploma thesis is focused on use of polarization mode dispersion for measurement of temperature. It also deals with representation of polarization mode dispersion in Poincaré sphere and a mathematical description of polarization mode dispersion by using Stokes and Jones vectors. Here are described basic alternatives of settings, selected temperature relationships and dependence and relationship between coherency and polarization. The practical portion of the diploma thesis examines behavior of the temperature sensor at different temperatures for wavelength 1550 nm and 633 nm.

Zur schnellen und sicheren Gepäckabfertigung ist eine Automatisierung der Gepäckprüfung zweckmäßig. Es wird eine mehrstufige Prüfung des Gepäcks durchgeführt. In der ersten Stufe werden vom Gepäckstück mehrere Röntgendurchstrahlungbilder angefertigt. Bei einem Teil der Gepäckstücke wird ein kritischer Bereich festgestellt, welcher mit einer zweiten Maschine genauer untersucht werden muss. Aus diesem Grund muss durch die zweite Maschine anhand nur eines weiteren Röntgendurchstrahlungsbildes erkannt werden, wo sich der kritische Bereich nach dem Transport durch das Förderband befindet. Zur Lösung dieses als Positionswiederfindung bezeichneten Problems wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, welches auf einer Beziehung zwischen den Momenten der Grauwertverteilung des Durchstrahlungsbildes und den Momenten der Schwächungskoeffizentenverteilung des Objektes beruht. Das Verfahren wurde anhand von simulierten Beispielen getestet. / Automatic explosive detection is advantageous for fast and secure baggage control. The baggage is controlled by a multi level system. In level 1 the baggage will be inspected by a multi view x-ray radiography machine. The machine divides the baggage into secure and rejected bags and finds in the rejected bags a critical region for further inspection by a level 2 machine. For this reason the level 2 machine has to identify by only one additional x-ray view the new position of the critical region of the bag after the transport to the level 2 machine. To solve this problem a method was developed, which uses a relation between the moments of the grey-value of x-ray scan and the moments of the x-ray attenuation coefficient of the inspected object. The method was tested with simulated scans.

The diploma thesis is the proposal of the pilgrimage church with the addition of the second functional unit as the pilgrimage area near to the stream „Svatá voda – Kaménka“. The proposal claims to raise former pilgrimage area and natural element, and also to provide spiritual and psychological support to pilgrims/visitors. For that reason, there are provided residential programs in the area. The building program corresponds to demanding enter and capacity. Capacity of the church is up to 250 people, in the main liturgical space on the ground floor. The growth is possible on the gallery on the second and third floor. Areal also including restaurant, lecture hall and spiritual centre. That works on a spiritual stay program for singles or couples. There is also a meditation garden and parking lot aloof.

Percolation theory is a relevant area of research in Nanotechnology because of its wide applications in nanoelectronics based on thin films of nanoparticles and composites, amongst others. In nanotechnology, systems are often explored through modelling and simulations. Thin films of the emerging low-dimensional nanomaterials, such as the 1D nanowires/nanotubes and 2D graphene, as well as their composites, can generally be simulated through a two dimensional percolation system of homogeneous or heterogeneous ellipses. The critical phenomena, i.e., the percolation threshold of the systems, is now obtained using the Monte Carlo simulation method, which, need extensive amounts of time. This project is an interdisciplinary one, wherein an attempt is made to use a certain amount of the data from the Monte Carlo simulations to train a machine learning model to predict the threshold of all the 2D ellipse systems with the maximum relative error < 10%, thus reducing the time taken when gathering the data. This project investigates different algorithms such as Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Networks, Random Forests, Extreme Gradient Boosted Trees, Support Vector Machines and K-Nearest Neighbours. Weaknesses in the results are identified and overcome by specific additional sample generation. Finally, a comparison is made between the algorithms marking the Multi-layer Perceptron and Extreme Gradient Boosted Trees as successful, with the Multi-layer Perceptron being the clear winner. The algorithm is successful within the defined 10% relative error, performing even better with all samples having relative prediction errors less than 7%. The model can be downloaded and used from https://github.com/NiravSurajlal/ PercolationAI. / Perkolationsteori är ett relevant forskningsområde inom nanoteknik på grund av dess breda tillämpningar inom nanoelektronik, bland annat baserade på tunna filmer av nanopartiklar och kompositer. Inom nanoteknik undersöks system ofta genom modellering och simuleringar. Tunna filmer av de framväxande lågdimensionella nanomaterialen, såsom 1D-nanotrådar / nanorör och 2Dgrafen, liksom deras kompositer, kan i allmänhet simuleras genom ett tvådimensionellt perkolationssystem av homogena eller heterogena ellipser. De kritiska fenomenen, dvs. systemets perkolationströskel, erhålls nu med hjälp av Monte Carlosimuleringsmetoden, som kräver omfattande tidsperioder. Detta projekt är ett tvärvetenskapligt projekt, där man försöker använda en viss mängd data från Monte Carlo-simuleringarna för att träna en maskininlärningsmodell för att förutsäga tröskeln för alla 2D-ellipssystem med det maximala relativa felet <10%vilket minskar den tid det tar att samla in data. Detta projekt undersöker olika algoritmer som linjär regression, polynomregression, flerlagers Perceptron-neuronnätverk, slumpmässiga skogar, extrema gradientförstärkta träd, stöd för vektormaskiner och K-närmaste grannar. Svagheter i resultaten identifieras och övervinns genom specifik ytterligare provgenerering. Slutligen görs en jämförelse mellan algoritmerna som markerar Multi-layer Perceptron och Extreme Gradient Boosted Trees som framgångsrika, med Multi-layer Perceptron som den tydliga vinnaren. Algoritmen är framgångsrik inom det definierade 10 % relativfelet och presterar ännu bättre med alla prover som har relativa prediktionsfel mindre än 7 %. Modellen kan laddas ner och användas från https://github.com/NiravSurajlal/PercolationAI.

Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die kinematische und statische Analyse eines Biglide-Getriebes mit fünf Gliedern und zwei Schubantrieben zur Führung eines Punktes in der x-y-Ebene. Als mathematische Hilfsmittel werden die beiden Programme PTC Mathcad Prime 3.1 und GeoGebra 5.0 eingesetzt, die sich einander in hervorragender Weise ergänzen. Dabei ist Mathcad hier vorwiegend für Matrizenrechnungen und GeoGebra besonders anschaulich für geometrische Grundaufgaben mit Animationen zuständig. Die Effizienz der vorgestellten Algorithmen und Hilfsmittel wird anhand zweier Anwendungsbeispiele aufgezeigt.

Subjektlücken in Koordinationsstrukturen sind nicht leicht zu analysieren, insbesondere Subjektlücken in Asymmetrischen Koordinationen wie die SLF-Koordination (Subjektlücken in finit-frontalen Strukturen). Die Dissertation gibt eine umfassende Übersicht über verschiedene linguistische Analysen solcher Strukturen. Desweiteren präsentiert die Arbeit empirische Daten zur SLF-Koordination, zur Asymmetrischen sowie auch zur Symmetrischen Koordination. Es konnte eine breite empirische Datengrundlage geschaffen werden, indem Akzeptabilitätsurteile über Online-Fragebogen gesammelt wurden, wobei die psycholinguistische Methode Magnitude Estimation Anwendung fand. Die Dissertation ist relevant für die deskriptive Grammatik, für psycholinguistische Fragestellungen und linguistische Analysen zu Subjektlücken in Koordinationsstrukturen.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The objective of this thesis is to provide an aircraft with an optimal route to its destination that avoids encroaching into surface-to-air weapons killing envelopes in real time. The optimal route computed will be updated dynamically, depending on the location of the vehicle and the location of the Surface to Air Missile (SAM) sites. The problem was solved using heuristic algorithms instead of the conventional Dijkstra's & Bellman Ford algorithms, which are computationally expensive. Data fusion techniques such as spatial correlation and triangulation algorithms are presented in detail. Such techniques are important for situational awareness in a real time combat environment. Important information provided by onboard sensors are merged with the preplanned data to provide the operator with a better integrated picture of the combat environment. / Civilian, Singapore Ministry of Defense

Le suivi de la déformation de la croûte terrestre durant la phase intersismique pour la recherche des transitoires nécessite des instruments précis capables d'opérer pour de très longues durées. Le projet ANR-LINES a visé le développement de trois nouveaux instruments : un sismomètre mono-axial, un inclinomètre hydrostatique à longue base et un inclinomètre de forage pendulaire. Ces trois instruments profitent d'un capteur interférométrique de déplacement à longues fibres optiques du type Fabry-Pérot Extrinsèque (EFFPI). Leurs architectures mécaniques et l'utilisation de longues fibres permettent à ces instruments géophysiques nouvellement fabriqués d'atteindre les objectifs fixés.Le premier objectif de cette étude est de proposer des méthodes adaptées à l'estimation de la phase du chemin optique dans les cavités Fabry-Pérot. Une modulation du courant de la diode laser, suivie par une démodulation homodyne du signal d'interférence et un filtre de Kalman permettent de déterminer la phase en temps réel. Les résultats sont convaincants pour des mesures de courtes durées mais exigent des solutions complémentaires pour se prémunir des effets de la variation des phénomènes environnementaux.Le capteur EFFPI intégré dans l'inclinomètre de forage LINES lui offre l'opportunité d'établir une mesure différentielle de l'oscillation de la masselotte pendulée grâce à trois cavités Fabry-Pérot. Le sismomètre LINES utilise lui aussi le capteur de déplacement EFFPI pour la mesure du déplacement de sa bobine. Une description de l'architecture mécanique de ces instruments et une analyse des phénomènes détectés (mouvements lents, marées, séismes, microséismes . . . ) font partie de cette thèse. / Monitoring crustal deformation during the interseismic phase when searching for earth transients requires precise instruments able to operate for very long periods. The ANR-LINES project aimed to develop three new instruments: a single-axis seismometer, a hydrostatic long base tiltmeter and a borehole pendulum tiltmeter. These three instruments benefit of an extrinsic Fabry-Pérot interferometer (EFFPI) with long optic fibers for displacement detections. Their mechanical architectures and their disposal of long fibers help these newly manufactured geophysical instruments complete their goals.The first objective of this study is to propose appropriate methods for estimating the phase of the optical path in the Fabry-Pérot cavities. A modulation of the laser diode current, followed by a homodyne demodulation of the interference signal and a Kalman filter, allow determining the phase in real time. The results are convincing while taking short periods measurements but require additional solutions for protection against environmental phenomena variations. The EFFPI sensor integrated in the LINES borehole tiltmeter gives it the opportunity to establish a differential measurement of the bob's oscillation thanks to three Fabry-Perot cavities. The LINES seismometer also uses the EFFPI displacement sensor to measure its coil's displacement. A description of the two instruments' mechanical structures and an analysis of the detected phenomena (slow movements, tides, earthquakes, microseisms . . . ) are part of this thesis.Keywords: Laser interferometry, wavelength modulation, synchronous homodyne demodulation, ellipse fitting, Kalman filter, temperature compensation, borehole tiltmeter, simple pendulum, differential measurements, slow drift, seismicobservations, seismometer.