京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21328号 / 理博第4424号 / 新制||理||1635(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 並河 良典, 教授 上 正明, 教授 森脇 淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Subjektlücken in Koordinationsstrukturen sind nicht leicht zu analysieren, insbesondere Subjektlücken in Asymmetrischen Koordinationen wie die SLF-Koordination (Subjektlücken in finit-frontalen Strukturen). Die Dissertation gibt eine umfassende Übersicht über verschiedene linguistische Analysen solcher Strukturen. Desweiteren präsentiert die Arbeit empirische Daten zur SLF-Koordination, zur Asymmetrischen sowie auch zur Symmetrischen Koordination. Es konnte eine breite empirische Datengrundlage geschaffen werden, indem Akzeptabilitätsurteile über Online-Fragebogen gesammelt wurden, wobei die psycholinguistische Methode Magnitude Estimation Anwendung fand. Die Dissertation ist relevant für die deskriptive Grammatik, für psycholinguistische Fragestellungen und linguistische Analysen zu Subjektlücken in Koordinationsstrukturen.

Le but principal de cette thèse de doctorat est l'étude de l'anneau de cohomologie du complément d'une courbe algébrique réduite dans le plan projectif pondéré complexe dont les composantes irréductibles sont des courbes rationnelles (avec ou sans points singuliers). En particulier, des représentants holomorphes (rationnels) sont obtenus pour les classes de cohomologie. Pour atteindre notre objectif, il est nécessaire de développer une théorie algébrique des courbes sur des surfaces avec des singularités quotient et d'étudier des techniques pour calculer certains invariants particulièrement utiles à travers des Q-résolutions plongées. / The main goal of this PhD thesis is the study of the cohomology ring of the complement of a reduced algebraic curve in the complex weighted projective plane whose irreducible components are all rational (possibly singular) curves. In particular, holomorphic (rational) representatives are found for the cohomology classes. In order to achieve our purpose one needs to develop an algebraic theory of curves on surfaces with quotient singularities and study techniques to compute some particularly useful invariants by means of embedded Q-resolutions.

[pt] As denominadas construções tough (tough constructions - TCs), como John is easy to please, apresentam o formato superficial [SD COPULA Adj VInf], tendo como característica distintiva o fato de que o SD (sintagma determinante), sujeito do predicado, é interpretado como objeto lógico do verbo no infinitivo. Muitos estudos teóricos examinaram a sintaxe dessa estrutura e as relações semânticas tecidas a partir dela, mas até o momento nenhuma teoria explica de forma satisfatória as TCs e estruturas relacionadas, com objeto lacunado, como pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases e ready predicates. Os objetivos desta dissertação são: (a) discutir, à luz dos dados, as diferentes propostas teóricas para TCs e construções relacionadas, buscando sistematizar nosso conhecimento atual sobre a gramática dessas construções em inglês e em algumas línguas românicas, como o francês, o espanhol, e o romeno; (b) apresentar uma nova abordagem teórica, construída a partir da negação das premissas adotadas em estudos anteriores, sugerindo que, em TCs e estruturas relacionadas, a formação do predicado envolva nominalização e adjunção de projeções máximas, resultando em estruturas simétricas. Na análise proposta, o elo semântico entre o sujeito sintático do predicado e o objeto lógico do verbo no infinitivo se realiza na Forma Lógica, em função da estrutura argumental do verbo nominalizado e da categoria do adjetivo concatenado simetricamente. A modelagem teórica apresentada permite unificar TCs, pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases e ready predicates, propondo que essas construções compartilham os processos de nominalização e de adjunção de projeções máximas, diferenciando-se nas relações semânticas entre seus elementos. Permite também uma explicação mais adequada para o comportamento de for phrases e para o fato de que apenas as TCs (e algumas gapped degree phrases) aparecem em posição prenominal, com uso atributivo. / [en] Superficially, tough constructions (TCs) like John is easy to please present the format [DP COPULA A VINF], but their distinctive characteristic is that the subject DP is interpreted as the logical object of the verb in the infinitive. Many theoretical studies have examined the syntactic structure of TCs and the semantic relations supported by that structure, but to date no theory provides a good explanatory description for TCs and related object-gap constructions like pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases, and ready predicates. The objectives of this thesis are (a) to discuss, in light of the data, the different theoretical proposals on TCs and related constructions, providing a systematic overview of current knowledge on the grammar of these constructions in English and a number of Romance languages, such as French, Spanish and Romanian, and (b) to present a new theoretical approach, starting from a contrarian position on the premises adopted in earlier studies. Under the proposed analysis, formation of the predicate in TCs and related constructions involves nominalization of the verb in the infinitive and adjunction of maximal projections, resulting in a symmetrical structure. In this symmetrical structure, the semantic link between syntactic subject and logical object is established at Logical Form, in function of the nominalized verb s argument structure and the category of the concatenated adjective. The theoretical model presented in this thesis unifies TCs, pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases and ready predicates, suggesting that these constructions share the processes of nominalization and adjunction of maximal projections, and differ in the semantic relationships between their elements. It also offers a principled explanation for the behavior of for-phrases in these object-gap constructions and for the fact that only TCs (and some gapped degree phrases) appear prenominally, in attributive use.