In the essay A Rhetorical Guide to Ebb I explore the diverse array of influences in art, and music that guided the creation of the composition Ebb, for 13 musicians and electronics. Of those influences, the boxes of the American artist Joseph Cornell played a particularly important role. Having based the conceptual framework for Ebb on ideas taken from Cornell, the essay, instead of being driven by a single thesis, involves the creation of conceptual boxes. These conceptual boxes emphasize the influence of the artist Joseph Cornell, along with the composers Iannis Xenakis and Gérard Grisey. In addition, a time line documenting the stages in Ebb's creation is included.

The survival of the animals depends on their ability to memorize locations and to use behavioral spatial navigation strategies. The crucial structure for this type of behavior and memory is the hippocampus, by its ability to create a cognitive map. In this structure, there are specialized pyramidal cell called place cells. They respond by their complex firing pattern to specific animal's location in the environment. Even though many studies have investigated the role of hippocampal pyramidal cells in spatial navigation and object position discrimination, their function during inaccessible object position discrimination is not yet clarified. In our experiment, rats were trained in a behavioral task to discriminate between rewarded and nor- rewarded positions of object located in an inaccessible space. We investigated the role of individual hippocampal cells during this task by single neuron electrophysiology. The first aim of this study was to decide which of two configurations of objects presented on a computer screen during spatial object discrimination task rats can discriminate easily. The second aim is to show whether and how information about the position of inaccessible objects is represented in the hippocampus using single-neuron electrophysiology. We found out, that animals did not reach...

On cherchera dans cette thèse à prouver l'existence d'ensembles invariants pour des systèmes continus et l'existence de noyaux de viabilité pour des systèmes à commutation (dépendant de l'espace ou du temps) dans des sous-ensembles de l'espace des phases. Ces objets sont des plus importants dans la théorie des systèmes dynamiques, ils peuvent être décrits de manière informelle comme étant des ensembles qui, lorsque le système dynamique y entre, il y restera à tout jamais. Pour prouver l'existence de tels ensembles on utilisera une propriété topologique dite propriété (ou principe) de Wazewski. On présentera alors une méthode effective pour pouvoir appliquer ce principe à des systèmes continus premièrement. Puis nous généraliserons cette première méthode pour pouvoir la rendre applicable aussi à des systèmes à commutation. / We aim at proving the existence of invariants sets for continuous systems and viability kernels for (time-dependent and state-dependent) switched systems in compact subsets of the phase space. They are of the most important objects of dynamical systems theory. They can be described informally by saying that they are subsets such that, if the dynamical system goes inside, it will remain inside forever. For proving the existence of such sets we will use a topological property named the Wazewski property (or principle).We will firstly present an effective method for applying this principle for continuous systems and then we will generalize this first method in order to make it applicable also for switched systems.

Numerical simulations of large complex systems such as biomolecules often suffer from the full description of the system having too many dimensions for direct numerical calculations and Monte Carlo methods having trouble overcoming energy barriers. It is therefore desirable to formulate a description in lower dimension which captures the system’s macroscopic behaviour. Recently, Lindahl et al [1] proposed a metric, g(λ), on the extended space Λ based on the dynamics of the system to optimize Monte Carlo sampling within extended ensemble formalism. In this thesis, we formulate a low-dimensional effective coarse-grained dynamic on Λ as a diffusion process and ask if it is possible to use this metric to calculate thelocal effective diffusion matrix as D(λ) = g−1(λ). By testing various scenarios we conclude that computing D(λ) in this manner indeed gives a correct effective dynamic in most cases, where the scale of coarse-graining can be tuned. However, an incorrect dynamic is received for example when the scale of coarse-graining is comparable to the size of oscillations in the energy landscape. / Numeriska simuleringar av stora komplexa system såsom biomolekyler lider ofta av att den fulla beskrivningen av systemet har för många dimensioner för direkta numeriska beräkningar samt att Monte Carlo-metoder har svårt att komma över energibarriärer. Det är därför önskvärt att formulera en beskrivning i lägre dimension som fångar systemets makroskopiska beteende. Nyligen föreslog Lindahl et al [1] en metrik g(λ) på det utvidgade rummet Λ baserad på dynamiken av systemet för att optimera Monte Carlo-sampling inom formalismen av utvidgade ensembler. I den här uppsatsen formulerar vi en lågdimensionell effektiv grov dynamik på Λ som en diffusionsprocess och frågar om det är möjligt att använda den här metriken för att beräkna den lokala effektiva diffusionsmatrisen som D(λ) = g(λ)−1. Genom testning av flera scenarier drar vi slutsatsen att beräkna D(λ) på det här sättet ger en korrekt effektiv dynamik i de flesta fall, där skalan på förgrovningen kan ställas in. Däremot fås en inkorrekt dynamik till exempel när skalan på förgrovningen ärjämförbar med storleken på oscillationer i energilandskapet.

No description available.

No / It is challenging to use traditional data mining techniques to deal with real-time data stream classifications. Existing mining classifiers need to be updated frequently to adapt to the changes in data streams. To address this issue, in this paper we propose an adaptive ensemble approach for classification and novel class detection in concept drifting data streams. The proposed approach uses traditional mining classifiers and updates the ensemble model automatically so that it represents the most recent concepts in data streams. For novel class detection we consider the idea that data points belonging to the same class should be closer to each other and should be far apart from the data points belonging to other classes. If a data point is well separated from the existing data clusters, it is identified as a novel class instance. We tested the performance of this proposed stream classification model against that of existing mining algorithms using real benchmark datasets from UCI (University of California, Irvine) machine learning repository. The experimental results prove that our approach shows great flexibility and robustness in novel class detection in concept drifting and outperforms traditional classification models in challenging real-life data stream applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diese Arbeit untersucht, inwiefern Visual Analytics die Analyse von Prozessen in geowissenschaftlichen raum-zeitlichen Daten unterstützen kann. Hierzu wurden drei neuartige Visual Analytics Ansätze entwickelt. Jeder Ansatz addressiert eine wichtige Analyseperspektive. Der erste Ansatz erlaubt es, wichtige räumliche Zustände in den Daten sowie deren auftreten in der Zeit zu untersuchen. Mittels hierarchischem Clustering werden alle in den Daten enthaltenen räumlichen Zustände in einer Clusterhierarchie verortet. Interaktive visuelle Analyse ermöglicht es, verschiedene räumliche Zustände aus den Daten zu extrahieren und die dazugehörigen raum-zeitlichen Muster zu interpretieren und zu bewerten. Der zweite Ansatz unterstützt die systematische Analyse des in den Daten zu beobachtenden zeitlichen Verhaltens sowie dessen Auftreten im geographischen Raum mittels einer Kombination aus Cluster Ensembles und interaktiver visueller Exploration. Der dritte Ansatz gestattet die Detektion und Analyse von zeitlichen Zusammenhängen in den Daten. Hierzu wurde eine etablierte Methode zur Analyse von zeitlichen Zusammenhängen zwischen zwei einzelnen Zeitreihen, gefensterte Kreuzkorrelation, durch Visual Analytics auf den Vergleich von Zeitreihenensembles erweitert. Dadurch ist es nicht nur möglich, Zusammenhänge zwischen Zeitreihen zu untersuchen, sondern auch Unsicherheiten in den Daten zu berücksichtigen. Alle Ansätze wurden anhand einer nutzer- und aufgabenorientierten Methodik entwickelt und erfolgreich in Anwendungsfällen aus der Erdsystem-Modellierung, der Ozeanmodellierung, der Paläoklimatologie und sogar den Kognitionswissenschaften eingesetzt. Diese Dissertation zeigt, dass Visual Analytics einen wertvollen Ansatz zur Analyse von Prozess-bezogenen Mustern in raum-zeitlichen Daten darstellt. Es kann die Grenzen existierender Analysemethoden erweitern und ermöglicht Geowissenschaftlern neue, aufschlussreiche Sichtweisen auf Daten und die darin beschriebenen Prozesse. / This thesis studied how visual analytics can facilitate the analysis of processes in geoscientific spatiotemporal data. Three novel visual analytics solutions were developed, each addressing an important analysis perspective. The first solution addresses the analysis of prominent spatial situations in the data and their occurrence over time. Hierarchical clustering is used to arrange all spatial situations in the data in a hierarchy of clusters. The combination with interactive visual analysis enables geoscientists to explore and alter the resulting hierarchy, to extract different sets of representative spatial situations, and to interpret and assess the corresponding spatiotemporal patterns. The second solution supports geoscientists in the analysis of prominent types of temporal behavior and their location in geographic space. Cluster ensembles are integrated with interactive visual exploration to enable users to systematically detect and interpret various types of temporal behavior in different data sets and to use this information for assessment of simulation model output. The third solution enables geoscientists to detect and analyze interrelations of temporal behavior in the data. Windowed cross-correlation, a technique for comparison of two individual time series, was extended to the comparison of entire ensembles of time series through visual analytics. This not only allows scientists to study interrelations, but also to assess how much these interrelations vary between two ensembles. All visual analytics solutions were developed following a rigorous user- and task-centered methodology and successfully applied to use cases in Earth system modeling, ocean modeling, paleoclimatology, and even cognitive science. The results of this thesis demonstrate that visual analytics successfully addresses important analysis perspectives and that it is a valuable approach to the analysis of process-related patterns in geoscientific spatiotemporal data.

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka, beskriva och analysera musiklärares syn på sitt arbete med gruppdynamik i ensembleundervisning inom olika musikgenrer. Metoden som har använts för att uppnå detta är kvalitativa intervjuer enligt hermeneutisk metod samt analyser. Analyserna utgår från teoretiska perspektiv hämtade från Lewin, Forsyth och Blumer och används för att definiera informanternas syn på ensembler samt beskriva hur olika faktorer påverkar varandra när det gäller dynamik i grupper. Resultatet handlar om hur informanterna definierar grupperna de leder och därigenom vad de anser skapar en grupp. Det handlar även om vilken energi som finns i en grupp, hur informanterna går till väga för att fånga gruppen i stunden samt varför de anser det vara viktigt och hur gruppers sammansättning påverkar gruppdynamiken och lärandesituationen. Sammanfattningen av analysen genom Lewins formel gav bland annat att energin i grupper har en framträdande roll för informanterna, till exempel hur någon(-s) energi påverkar annan(-s) energi. Lärare och elevers dagsform gör att de påverkar på olika sätt samt är olika mycket mottagliga, och att det aldrig går att förutse hur en grupplektion kommer att bli. Analysen genom Lewins formel visar också i informanternas svar att ensemblen är beroende av sammansättningen av elever, vilka elever som kom just den dagen, och vad de varit med om. Lärarens jobb är att kunna hantera situationen i stunden och vara beredd på föränderligheten. / The purpose of this study is to explore, describe and analyze the views of music teachers and their work with group dynamics in student ensembles in various musical genres. The applied method in this study is qualitative interviews according to phenomenological methodology and analysis. The theoretical perspectives are taken from Lewin, Forsyth and Blumer, and are used to define the perspectives of the informants regarding ensembles and how they affect each other regarding group dynamics. The result appertains to how the informants define the groups they are leading, and thus what they consider creates a group. It is also about the energy contained in a group, how the informants are capturing the group at a particular moment and why they believe this is important and how the make-up of a group affects the group dynamics and the learning situation. The summary of the analysis by Lewin's formula states that the energy of the groups have a prominent role for the informants, such as how some/someone’s energy affects another/another’s energy. The emotional state of teachers and students make an impact in different ways and are also affected in various ways, and that it is impossible to predict how a group lesson will be. The analysis by Lewin's formula related to the result also indicates that the ensemble depends on the composition of students. Which students who came that day, and in which mental state they are. The teacher's duty is to handle the situation at hand, and be prepared for the unexpected.

Les périphéries des grandes métropoles présentent des paysages facilement reconnaissables : maisons roses autour de rues en boucle ou en impasse... Ces ensembles pavillonnaires apparaissent comme une "image-type" de l'étalement urbain et sont souvent "accusés" d'uniformiser les paysages, de renforcer l'homogénéisation sociale et la ségrégation spatiale. En Ile-de-France, ces ensembles résultent souvent d'opérations groupées produites par un promoteur immobilier qui en réalise toutes les étapes de façon intégrée. Traditionnellement local, le secteur de la promotion immobilière s'est concentré et internationalisé au cours des vingt dernières années. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que le développement des grands groupes a des conséquences sur l'organisation du système de production des ensembles pavillonnaires, sur les manières de faire des différents acteurs et qu'il a une influence sur la morphologie et, en particulier, sur l'homogénéité de ces ensembles. Ces réflexions s'inscrivent dans un cadre plus large consistant à savoir jusqu'à quel point la mondialisation du secteur immobilier peut conduire à l'uniformisation des villes et des pratiques d'habiter. Nous cherchons à comprendre dans quelle mesure les transformations des différents acteurs de la production, les conditions de la " fabrique " périurbaine, liées au contexte de mondialisation et de métropolisation, ont un rôle sur les types d'espaces produits.