A pesquisa acompanha e relaciona a evolução dos serviços de saneamento básico da cidade de Lins de forma paralela à incidência de internações e óbitos característicos de Doenças de Veiculação Hídrica (DVH), ocorridos no hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Lins ao longo de três décadas (1975 a 2005) com quatro cortes temporais de dez anos. O período do estudo contempla o processo de universalização do saneamento básico na cidade que se deu em 1997 com a inauguração do sistema de tratamento de esgotos, que passou a tratar, além de toda a água distribuída ao município, todo esgoto coletado. Os resultados, com base em dados colhidos em livros de registro de internações do hospital e do número de ligações de água e esgoto junto a Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp) permitiram relacionar dentro do universo de atendimento do hospital qual a representatividade das doenças que interessavam ao estudo e estabelecer uma relação entre as condições de saneamento básico e saúde pública. Os resultados apresentaram co-relação entre o aumento do acesso ao saneamento e a saúde pública, com a diminuição do número de ocorrências de internações e óbitos por doenças que poderiam estar ligadas a ausência ou falta desses serviços. A comparação de registros de internações totais do hospital e as provocadas por DVH registraram queda na proporção de 4,32% em 1975, 1,86% em 1985, 1,76% em 1995 e 0,98% em 2005. Observamos, entretanto, que outros fatores também devem ser considerados como a incidência de casos por outras formas de contaminação, como a falta de práticas de higiene; a adoção de novos métodos de tratamento para esses tipos de enfermidade e o progressivo aumento da pressão sobre os recursos hídricos ao longo do período, devido ao crescimento populacional e desenvolvimento econômico do município (industrial e agrícola) que sem a devida universalização do sistema de saneamento causaria inúmeras outras ocorrências de DVH. Todos esses fatores junto aos resultados da pesquisa mostram que o investimento em saneamento básico é também um investimento em medicina preventiva, que do ponto de vista da saúde pública, representa custos inferiores aos alocados para a medicina curativa. Além deste aspecto contribuem para melhoria da qualidade de vida, com o desenvolvimento social e econômico da comunidade beneficiada. / The search accompanies and relates the evolution of basic sanitation services from Lins´s city of parallel form to incidence of admissions and deaths characteristic of Hydric Vehiclelation Illness (HVI), has occurred at Lins Misericordia Santa Casa Hospital along for three decades (1975-2005) with four cross-temporal of ten years. The period of study has contemplated the basic sanitation `s universalization process in the city that it is given in 1997 with the inauguration of drainage treatment system, which passed to treat, besides all water distributed to borough, all drained collected. The results, with base in data gather in books of admissions´s register and number of ligations of water and drained together to São Paulo State`s Basic Sanitation Company (Sabesp) had permitted to relate in universe of hospital`s service what the representative of illnesses that it had interested to study and to establish a relation among the conditions of basic sanitation and public health. The results presented co-relation between the number of access to sanitation and the public health, with the diminution of occurrence`s numbers of admissions and deaths by illnesses that could be linked to absent and failure these services. The comparison of total admissions registers and the provoked by IVH has registered drop in proportion 4.32% in 1975, 1.86% in 1985, 1.76% in 1995 and 0.98% in 2005. We have observed, therefore, who other factors must be considered as the incidence of cases by other contamination forms, as a hygiene practice`s failure; the adoption of new methods of treatment to these infirmity`s types and the increase progressive of pressure on the hydric recourses long of period, due at populational increasing and economic development of borough (industrial and agricultural) that without a due universalization of sanitation`s system would cause numberless other occurrences of IVH. Every these factors together to resulted of search has showed that the investment in basic sanitation is also an investment in preventive medicine, which of point view of public health, has represented inferior costs to allocated to the curetive medicine. Besides this aspect has contribute to improvement of life`s quality, with the social and economic development of benefitted community.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The problematic of this master s degree dissertation involves the definition of a space for the Area of Enviromental Protection Vacacaí-Mirim, not yet established. The general objective consists on presenting a proposal to delimitate the area, in order to redefine the perimeter proposed by Nascimento (2010), incorporating features not included in the Nascimento s work. The specific objectives are: classify the study area into landscape units; establish the perimeter redefinition; elaborate a synthesis map showing the actual situation of the space, pointing out aspects to be considered in a posterior territorial planning. Through both a deductive scientific method of research and a systemic approach, one tried to accomplish the objectives of this study through the concept of landscape, making it a geographic contribution to environment studies. The results showed that the more conserved Mata Atlântica remaining can be found in the Rebordo do Planalto landscape unit. Such unit predominates in the new proposed delimitation for the Area of Enviromental Protection, which presents a more suitable form for conservation, if compared to Nascimento s (2012) proposal, diminishing the border effect on the vegetation, increasing the coverage of UC, totalizing approximately 88 km². / A problemática dessa dissertação de mestrado envolve a definição de um espaço para a Unidade de Conservação (UC) Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Vacacaí-Mirim, que ainda não foi instituída e está em processo de discussão. O objetivo geral é apresentar uma proposta de delimitação para a mesma, redefinindo o perímetro proposto por Nascimento (2010) e incorporando atributos não contemplados no citado trabalho. Os objetivos específicos são: classificar a ampla área de estudo em unidades de paisagem; estabelecer a redefinição perimétrica da APA do Vacacaí-Mirim; elaborar um mapa síntese demonstrando a situação atual deste espaço, pontuando aspectos a serem considerados em um posterior planejamento ambiental de seu território. A partir do método dedutivo de pesquisa científica e da abordagem sistêmica buscou-se atingir tais objetivos por meio do conceito de paisagem, configurando-se como uma contribuição geográfica aos estudos ambientais. Os resultados demonstraram que os remanescentes de Mata Atlântica mais conservados encontram-se na unidade da paisagem Rebordo do Planalto. Tal unidade tem predominância na nova delimitação proposta para a APA, que apresenta um formato mais adequado à conservação se comparado à proposta de Nascimento (2010), diminuindo o efeito de borda sobre a vegetação e aumentando a abrangência, somando aproximadamente 88 km².

This dissertation researches the use of journalistic sources and the form as the questions related to climate and environment are framed and agenda settled in the magazine Veja in the context of the Brazilian environmental journalism. Understanding the agenda setting through authors such as Hohlfeldt (2003), McCombs (2009), Sousa (2000) and Kunczik (1997) and framing as exposed by Goffman (1974), Tuchman (1993) and Colling (2001), we try to investigate the relation of these with the choice of the journalistic sources for reportages in magazines, having as reference authors as Mesquita (2008). The journalistic sources are approached by Brasilizian researchers such as Lage (2003), Guerra (2006) and Schmitz (2010). Methodologicaly, the research is build with content analyses in an qualitative and quantitative approach. Are investigated reportages about the thematics of climate and environment published in Veja on the first semester of 2011. Our research, has as its context the enviromental journalism as understood by Trigueiro (2005), Girardi and Schwaab (2010) and Loose (2010), among others. We arrived to the development of an analyses protocol for the selection/classification of journalistic sources in print media constructed through the adaptation of a model of formulair of content analyses proposed by Fonseca Júnior (2009). We observed the categories of sources applied in reportages of climate and environment in Veja and tried to bring contributions about the relation among these sources, the framing and the agenda setting indentified on the reportages. / Esta dissertação pesquisa o uso das fontes jornalísticas e a forma como as questões relacionadas ao clima e meio ambiente são enquadradas e agendadas na revista Veja dentro do contexto do jornalismo ambiental brasileiro. Compreendendo o agendamento a partir de autores como Hohlfeldt (2003), McCombs (2009), Sousa (2000) e Kunczik (1997) e o enquadramento exposto por Goffman (1974), Tuchman (1993) e Colling (2001), procuramos investigar a relação destes com a escolha das fontes jornalísticas para reportagens em revista, tendo como referência autores como Mesquita (2008). As fontes são abordadas por pesquisadores brasileiros como Lage (2003), Guerra (2006) e Schmitz (2010). Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é construída com a análise de conteúdo em abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. São investigadas as reportagens sobre as temáticas clima e meio ambiente publicadas em Veja no primeiro semestre de 2011. Nossa pesquisa, tem como contexto jornalismo ambiental conforme entendido por Trigueiro (2005), Girardi e Schwaab (2010) e Loose (2010), entre outros. Chegamos à elaboração de um protocolo de análise para a seleção/classificação de fontes jornalísticas em mídia impressa desenvolvido a partir da adaptação de modelo de formulário de análise de conteúdo proposto por Fonseca Júnior (2009). Observamos as categorias de fontes aplicadas em matérias de clima e meio ambiente de Veja e procuramos trazer contribuições sobre a relação entre estas fontes, os enquadramentos e o agendamento identificados nas reportagens.

What motivates the State to modify its environmental institutional legacy? What are the conditions to strengthen or weaken the control over the environment? ftis article describes the growth and development of the environmental institutionality from the fiscalization, having as experience the development of the Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA) from its creation to the present. ftis research seeks to identify the factors and conditions for the strengthening and weakening of environmental fiscalization. fte sum of the elements such as state strength and bureaucracy, policy entrepreneurs, institutional change, interest groups and international requirements could explain when the strengthening or weakening of environmental control is considered, the increase or decrease in the fiscalization patterns and the levels of institutional affectation. / ¿Qué motiva al Estado a modificar su legado institucional ambiental? ¿Cuáles son las condiciones para fortalecer o debilitar la fiscalización sobre el medio ambiente? Este artículo describe el crecimiento y el desarrollo de la institucionalidad ambiental a partir de la fiscalización teniendo como experiencia el desenvolvimiento del Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA) desde su creación hasta la actualidad. Esta investigación busca identificar los factores y las condiciones para el fortalecimiento y debilitamiento de la fiscalización ambiental. La suma de los elementos como fortaleza y burocracia estatal, emprendedores de políticas, cambio institucional, grupos de interés y exigencias internacionales podrían explicar en qué momento se plantea el fortalecimiento o el debilitamiento de la fiscalización ambiental, el incremento o la disminución en los patrones de fiscalización y los niveles de afectación institucional.

Plastic pollution is one of if not the biggest threat against earth’s ecosystems. Almost 400 million tons of plastic is produced every year and most of it is discarded outside of the recycling systems. Marine ecosystems are extra exposed due to microplastics which are plastic smaller than 5 mm. The most common type of plastic is PET. Plastic in general is very chemically stable and hard to degrade but scientists have found a bacterium named I.sakaiensis that can degrade PET with a two-enzyme system called PETase and MHETase. Due to being exo-enzymes, they have to be secreted to function, the thermostability of these enzymes are very low so most research has been focused on increasing the thermal stability with its enzyme activity. This report focuses on what structures are important for the PET degrading ability of MHETas and PETas and how they can be applied to cleaning marine ecosystems. A key to solving environmental issues is creating environmentally aware students through the education system. Studies about Context based education have indicated that it sparks motivation and interest in students and the lessons seem more relevant. This report is also about how context-based education can be used to create an environmental perspective in secondary education.

The scope of this diploma thesis is feasibility study of enlargement the current energy source by new technological equipment designed for heat and electric energy production. Technological equipment is designed regarding to capital costs and minimum enviromental effects. In the thesis is described most important aspects for successful design new biomass energy source. The result can be used for investor´s decision making about determination toward investment.

El presente proyecto nace ante la necesidad de un sistema que permita cumplir la normativa sanitaria de la empresa de bebidas Wislan. El proyecto usa tecnologías innovadoras como el pronóstico de eventos y la validación por geolocalización para cumplir con la normativa impuesta por la Dirección General de Salud Ambiental. Teniendo, así como objetivo principal del proyecto desarrollar un sistema que permita identificar los riesgos, inspeccionar los principales procedimientos, analizar la información y pronosticar eventualidades referentes a la producción y calidad alimentaria de Wislan. Este documento está dividido en ocho capítulos. Los primeros dos capítulos describen los fundamentos teóricos del proyecto, la propuesta de solución detallada (con los objetivos específicos, situación problemática y problemas a resolver) y el análisis comparativo; entre otros puntos también relevantes. El tercer y cuarto capítulo exponen el modelado del negocio, donde se incluyen las reglas de negocio, modelo de casos de uso del negocio, análisis de casos de uso de negocio, especificación detallada de los casos de uso del negocio, actividades a automatizar, requerimientos funcionales y no funcionales, modelos de casos de uso de sistema y especificación detallada de los casos de uso de sistema. Todo esto realizado bajo la metodología RUP. Finalmente, el quinto, sexto y séptimo capítulo pormenorizan la arquitectura de software propuesta, teniendo detalle de las diferentes vistas, los patrones de programación utilizados, las políticas y normativas de calidad esgrimidas y presentando los objetivos – generales y específicos - específicos de calidad. Asimismo, dedicamos el último capítulo a gestión del proyecto donde realizamos el registro de interesados, EDT y cronograma del proyecto. / This project was born out of the need for a system that allows compliance with the health regulations of the Wislan beverage company. The project uses innovative technologies such as event forecasting and geolocation validation to comply with the regulations imposed by the General Directorate of Environmental Health. Thus, the main objective of the project is to develop a system that allows identifying risks, inspecting the main procedures, analyzing information and forecasting eventualities related to Wislan's food production and quality. This document is divided into eight chapters. The first two chapters describe the theoretical foundations of the project, the detailed solution proposal (with the specific objectives, problematic situation and problems to be solved) and the comparative analysis; among other relevant points. The third and fourth chapters expose business modeling, including business rules, business use case model, business use case analysis, detailed specification of business use cases, activities to automate, requirements functional and non-functional, system use case models, and detailed specification of system use cases. All this done under the RUP methodology. Finally, the fifth, sixth and seventh chapters detail the proposed software architecture, taking into account the details of the different views, the programming patterns used, the quality policies and regulations put forward and presenting the objectives - general and specific - specific to the quality. Likewise, we dedicate the last chapter to project management where we carry out the registry of interested parties, EDT and project schedule. / Tesis

La mejora de la gestión en la prestación de los servicios de saneamiento de organizaciones comunales implica, entre otros, la aplicación de marcos normativos del sector público, que en conjunto permiten generar condiciones técnicas, económicas, ambientales y sociales favorables para la referida prestación. Asimismo, al articular las normas vigentes de los diferentes sectores gubernamentales tales como vivienda, salud y ambiente, es posible mejorar la gestión en la prestación de los servicios de saneamiento en organizaciones comunales a nivel nacional, conforme a lo establecido por las Políticas de Estado. En ese sentido, la presente investigación académica, cuyo enfoque es cualitativo, implementa una mejora de la gestión mediante la aplicación de los marcos normativos del sector público en la prestación de los servicios de saneamiento de la organización comunal Acopampa-Nunocoto, la cual contempla la recopilación de datos sobre la gestión de la organización comunal, la caracterización de infraestructuras de los sistemas de saneamiento, el análisis referido a la recopilación y caracterización, la programación de la mejora de la gestión en la prestación de los servicios de saneamiento y la validación de resultados del programa de mejora. Cabe precisar que en la referida programación se desarrolla la planificación, ejecución y control de cinco programas de gestión vinculados a los aspectos técnico, económico, ambiental y social de la prestación de los servicios de saneamiento. Entre los principales resultados, se determina que mediante la aplicación de los marcos normativos del sector público se implementó la mejora de la gestión en la prestación de los servicios de saneamiento cumpliendo el 100% de los indicadores de los programas de gestión, lo cual permitió mejorar la calidad de la prestación de los servicios de saneamiento de la organización comunal Acopampa-Nunocoto; asimismo, se determina que es factible implementar la mejora de dicha gestión sostenible en otras organizaciones comunales del ámbito rural, independientemente de su ubicación geográfica o características de operación. / The improvement of management in provision of sanitation services of communal organizations implies, among others, the application of regulatory frameworks of public sector, which together allow the generation of favorable technical, economic, environmental and social conditions for aforenmentioned provision. Likewise, by articulating current regulations of the different government sectors such as housing, health and environment, it is possible to improve management in the provision of sanitation services in community organizations at the national level, in accordance with the provisions of State Policies. In that, the present academic research, whose approach is qualitative, implements an improvement in management by applying regulatory frameworks of public sector in provision of sanitation services of Acopampa-Nunocoto community organization, which includes collection of meaningful data on management of communal organization, characterization of infrastructures of sanitation systems, analysis referred to compilation and characterization, programming of improvement of management in provision of sanitation services and validation of results of improvement program. It should be noted that the aforementioned programming develops planning, execution and control of five management programs linked to technical, economic, environmental and social aspects of provision of sanitation services. Among the main results, it is determined that through application of regulatory frameworks of public sector, improvement of management in provision of sanitation services was implemented, fulfilling 100% of indicators of management programs, which allowed to improve quality of provision of sanitation services by the Acopampa-Nunocoto community organization; It has been determined that it is feasible to implement the improvement of said sustainable management in other community organizations in rural area, regardless of their geographical location or characteristics of operation. / Tesis

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur företag kan använda sig av CSR för att skapa konkurrenskraft. För att undersöka och svara på syftet etablerades tre frågeställningar som djupare gav svar på syftet. De här frågeställningarna berörde hållbarhet inom transportbranschen, hur CSR påverkar företag inom transportbranschen och vilken ambition det finns i branschen idag. För att svara på dessa frågeställningar har en teoretisk referensram etablerats för att senare skapa en kvalitativ studie innehållande intervjuer. Denna kvalitativa studie visade att CSR och hållbarhetsarbete finns och är utsträckta över transportbranschen, att det används av företag både av moraliskt syfte och för att bli mer attraktiva på marknaden. Den största överensstämmelse mellan det teoretiska ramverket och empirin är att båda menar att effektiviteten i CSR-arbetet till stor del är beroende av den kommunikation och förmedling som är involverad. Den största skillnaden mellan det empiriska materialet och det teoretiska ramverket är realiseringen av hållbarhetsarbetet. De empiriska källorna beskriver stor svårighet att implementera CSR i deras företag, på grund av höga kostnader och bristande intresse från intressenter. / The purpose of this essay was to investigate how companies can use CSR to create competitiveness. To investigate and answer the purpose, three questions were established that answered the purpose more deeply. These questions concerned sustainability in the transport industry, how CSR affects companies in the transport industry and what ambitions there are in the industry today. To answer these questions, a theoretical frame of reference has been established to later create a qualitative study containing interviews. This qualitative study showed that CSR and sustainability work exist and are extended across the transport industry and that it is used by companies both for a moral purpose but also to become more attractive on the market. The greatest agreement between the theoretical framework and the empirical data is that both believe that the effectiveness of CSR work is largely dependent on the communication and mediation involved. The biggest difference between the empirical material and the theoretical framework is the realization of the sustainability work. The empirical sources describe great difficulty in implementing CSR in their companies, due to excessive costs and lack of interest from stakeholders.

There is a lack of emphasis in the planning world, both academically and in the field, on preventing crime. Defensible Space and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) has been the two main approaches taken by planners and criminal justice officials that is design-based and that has brought some level of collaboration between the two professions. This study will analyze the built environment of select crime hotspots in the city of Boston from a design-based crime prevention perspective in order to draw correlations between high crime areas and elements of design-based theories. Using GIS, a kernel density analysis is conducted in 8 of the 13 neighborhoods in the city of Boston. Pictures taken during field observations of the hotspots are used to compare strong and weak examples of design-based crime prevention theories. A CPTED matrix is also used to provide a weighted score to Roxbury, a neighborhood that ranks high in both property and violent crime. Overall, the kernel density results reveal that the hotspots in Roxbury tend to be higher in quantity but less dense and smaller in size than other Boston neighborhoods. This study reveals that for poorer neighborhoods the condition of land uses seems to be a more prevalent factor of the physical environment than the land-use mix that are exhibited in middle and upper class sections of the city. Urban planners play a key role in bringing together and maintaining land uses that will be less conducive to crime given a neighborhood’s or greater geographic area’s history and current socioeconomic and crime context.