Background: Stress often arises when an individual’s ability to cope with environmental stressors, is exceeded. Nurses are responsible for providing high-quality care in accordancewith laws and regulations. When there is an imbalance between high demands on quality and the nurse's ability, knowledge and competence, this can lead to them suffering from negative work-related stress. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of negative work-related stress. Method: A literature-based study was conducted by studying the results of ten qualitative articles from healthcare sciences. Systematic searches, for articles, were performed in the two databases PubMed and Chinal. A major inclusion criterion was that the articles should be empirical studies, peer-reviewed and published from 2010 – 2020. Results: The result showed that the nurses experiences included various difficulties that were related to the relational-, work environment- and personal difficulties. The difficulties were experienced in the form of communication- and cooperation difficulties, lack of support and information, high workload, insufficient resources and difficult working conditions but also insufficient knowledge and suffering from ill-health. Conclusion: Nurses experience stress due to a limited work environment and various factors in the workplace contribute to them developing negative work-related stress. To reduce problems with nurses' negative work-related stress, their workload must be changed. For example, by ensuring that requirements do not exceed resources, developing various forms of support and improving the skills of the organization and management. / Detta examensarbete handlar om sjuksköterskors upplevelser av negativ arbetsrelaterad stress. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskans upplevelser innefattade olika svårigheter som var relaterade till relationella-, arbetsmiljömässiga- och personliga svårigheter. Svårigheterna upplevdes i form av kommunikation- och samarbetssvårigheter, brist på stöd och information, hög arbetsbelastning, otillräckliga resurser och svåra arbetsvillkor men också otillräckliga kunskaper och att drabbas av ohälsa. Ett viktigt resultat som framkom var den höga arbetsbelastning som innebar att sjuksköterskor var tvungna att utföra flera arbetsuppgifter samtidigt som det förekom konflikter på grund av kommunikation- och samarbetssvårigheter men också brist på stöd. Den negativa arbetsrelaterade stressen fick sjuksköterskor att uppleva dålig psykisk ohälsa och sömnlöshet vilket kunde undergräva kvaliteten på vården men också tankar hos sjuksköterskor att vilja byta yrke då även löneutvecklingen inte överensstämde med det tunga arbetet. Examensarbetet beskriver hur arbetsrelaterad stress leder till fysisk- och psykisk ohälsa och sjukfrånvaro. För att förhindra stressproblem hos sjuksköterskor är en viktig strategi som noterades att erhålla stöd från organisation, arbetsledning och kollegor. Det fanns också ett behov av att skapa en samverkan i team, där sjuksköterskor som upplever problem kan söka hjälp. Det finns också behov av att skapa gemensamma utrymmen, där sjuksköterskor kan vila men också ha en social gemenskap med varandra under pauser. I studien inkluderades tio kvalitativa vårdvetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades med hjälp aven femstegsmodell utifrån syftet att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av negativ arbetsrelaterad stress. Sjuksköterskor har ansvar att tillhandhålla omvårdnad av hög kvalitet i enlighet med lagar och författningar. När det uppstår en obalans mellan höga krav på kvalitét och sjuksköterskansförmåga, kunskap och kompetens kan detta leda till att de drabbas av arbetsrelaterad stress. Framtida studier bör öka utredningen av hur man strategiskt kan lindra arbetsrelaterad stress bland sjuksköterskor.

The current study investigated a model explaining sexual assault victims’ severity of trauma symptoms that incorporated multiple stigma constructs. Integrating the sexual assault literature with the stigma literature, this study sought to better understand trauma-related outcomes of sexual assault by examining three levels of stigma—cultural, social, and self. Results showed self-stigma was significantly and positively related to trauma symptom severity. Thus, results revealed that the internalized aspect of stigma served as a mechanism in the relation between sexual assault severity and increased levels of trauma symptom severity, highlighting the importance of assessing self-stigma in women reporting sexual assault experiences.

Bakgrund: Hög biologisk ålder medför nya utmaningar på individ och samhällsnivå. Brist på personal i hälso- och sjukvården ökar behovet av nya digitala lösningar. I Sverige finns hälsorobotar som fungerar på olika sätt och de blir allt fler. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa äldre personers erfarenhet av hälsorobotar. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematiskt tillvägagångssätt, baserad på 11 kvalitativa empiriska studier, publicerade tidigast januari 2019. Litteratursökning gjordes i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO och Google Scholar. Kvalitetsgranskning genomfördes enligt Hkr:s mall för kvalitativa studier. Analysen genomfördes stegvis enligt Fribergs modell. Resultat: Erfarenheten av hälsorobotar varierade men mönster kunde urskiljas. Hälsorobotar kunde hjälpa äldre personer att klara sig självständigt. Estetiskt önskade äldre personer främst en hälsorobot vars form upplevdes igenkännande. Funktionellt föredrogs att hälsoroboten kunde hjälpa till fysiskt. De äldre personerna önskade en hälsorobot vars funktioner var lätta att förstå. En del äldre personer ville inte interagera med hälsorobotar, andra upplevde att en hälsorobot kunde skänka trygghet, lindrade smärta och minskade känslan av ensamhet. Diskussion: Tidigare studier bekräftar att hälsorobotar kan ha ett socialt värde för äldre personer och bidra till olika positiva känslor och minska ensamhetskänslor. De kan bidra till att motivera äldre personer på olika sätt och stärka relationer samt sociala kompetenser. Att introducera hälsorobotar för äldre personer kräver lyhördhet och öppenhet för vem den äldre personen är och vad denne finner stödjande eller belastande. Sjuksköterskan bör ha relevant kompetens och fungera som en guidande mellanhand och stötta samt förklara då en hälsorobot skall introduceras för en äldre person.

The purpose of the research study was to build a deeper understanding of negative brand experiences for consumers at the Bottom of the pyramid segment. The research took an approach of looking at a negative brand experience from end to end, by focusing on elements such as brand contacts, triggers and customer response across different experience dimensions. The literature asserts that for companies to succeed at the Bottom of the Pyramid they need to forego existing assumptions, companies must realise that low income consumers are brand conscious in order to build successful brands. Building successful brands at this market involves offering more than just a functional offering but creating an emotional bond through positive experiences. Such experiences are created each time one is in contact with one of the brand touch-points. The qualitative study showed that consumers value being treated with respect in addition to the provision of a product or service. It also shows that negative brand experiences can happen at various points for both products and services irrespective of whether a product is regarded as hedonic or utilitarian. The nature of negative word of mouth within this segment needs to be explored further as the study showed that there are other factors that influence one to spread negative word of mouth. The research study also shows that consumers are sensitive to brands that demonstrate not to care or those that break trust as such experiences lead to strong negative emotions. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Introduction Tennessee (TN) ranked 16th among US states for the number of HIV diagnoses in 2015. By TN grand division region (East, Middle, and West), the highest rate of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) were in the Middle and West. Barriers to HIV testing are still very much unknown in research studies. Further, understanding how Adverse Childhood Experience (ACEs) play a role in HIV testing and specifically in marginalized groups is not fully understood. The present study sought to understand the relationship between ACEs, living in poverty, and testing for HIV among adults in Tennessee. Methods Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 2016 and 2017 were obtained from the Tennessee Department of Health. Sociodemographic factors, diagnosis of depression, binge drinking behaviors, HIV risk behaviors (one or more of these in the past year: injection drug use, anal sex, sex without a condom, paid sex, four or more sexual partners), grand division, poverty level, and ACEs were analyzed to determine if an association exists with having been tested for HIV in the past year (yes or no). ACEs were categorized into 0, one to three, or four or more, all having occurred before the age of 18. Frequencies, percents, chi-square, and independent T-tests were completed. Sex stratified simple and multiple logistic regression models were conducted to determine the strength of association with having been tested for HIV (N=1,506 males; N=1,433 females). Results Males who reported HIV risk behaviors were 46% less likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.53-0.55) whereas females with HIV risk behaviors were 61% less likely to test for HIV (aOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.39-0.40) compared to those without HIV risk behaviors. Males with 4 or more ACEs were 38% more likely to be tested for HIV compared to males with 0 ACEs (aOR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.36-1.39), whereas females with 4 or more ACEs were two times more likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 2.07-2.11) compared to females with 0 ACEs. Males making <$25,000 annually were only 5% more likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04-1.06), whereas women making the same income were 30% less likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 0.70, 05% CI: 0.69-0.71) compared to incomes greater than $25,000. Males in West TN were 12% less likely to be tested for HIV compared to males in East TN (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87-0.89). Similarly, females in West TN were 15% less likely to be tested for HIV compared to females in East TN (aOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.84-0.86). Conclusion Education and awareness may be too focused on adults with more ACEs rather than ensuring individuals with HIV risk behaviors, living in poverty, or residing in West TN, understand their risk and have access to HIV testing. Regions of TN, specifically West TN compared to East TN, may require additional resources to ensure the general population understands their risk for HIV; however further research is warranted through longitudinal studies.

No description available.

No description available.

Research has found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with changes in both parenting stress and cortisol. Resilience-building interventions may be able to help diminish the effects of ACEs, thus impacting parenting stress and cortisol reactivity. This study aims to examine how two resilience-building interventions (emotion-based and behavior-based) will impact parenting stress and cortisol reactivity in mothers with ACEs. This project is in the preliminary stages of data collection; as such, this honors thesis will review the relevant literature, describe current methodology and proposed analyses, and discuss possible implications and future directions. Participants (goal N=100) undergo a pre-assessment where parenting stress and cortisol reactivity are measured. Participants are then randomly assigned to receive an emotion-based curriculum (goal n= 50) or behavior-based curriculum (goal n=50) for 8 weeks. After completing their curriculum, participants’ parenting stress and cortisol reactivity will be reassessed. Participants from both resilience-building interventions are hypothesized to have a reduction in parenting stress and cortisol reactivity, but participants who received the emotion-based curriculum are predicted to have greater reductions. Additionally, it is hypothesized that changes in parenting stress will be correlated with changes in cortisol reactivity, so participants with greater reductions in parenting stress are anticipated to have greater reductions in cortisol reactivity.

Bakgrund: Elektrokonvulsiv terapi, ECT, är en behandlingsmetod som används vid och har klinisk effekt på allvarliga psykiatriska tillstånd som depression och akuta psykoser. Det är inte klarlagt exakt hur ECT fungerar. Befintlig forskning visar på att patienters erfarenheter av ECT varierar både när det gäller effekt och biverkningar. Sverige placerar sig i det övre skiktet när man jämför hur många ECT-behandlingar per 10 000 patienter som görs i världen. Syfte: Att belysa patienters erfarenheter av ECT. Metod: Utifrån sökningar i tre databaser hittades elva vetenskapliga artiklar som mötte uppsatta inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. Artiklarnas resultat analyserades för att skapa en ny helhet. Resultat: Resultatet sammanfattades i två huvudkategorier: ”Information och kunskap formar patienters erfarenheter” och ”Erfarenheten präglas av ambivalenta känslor”. Konklusion: ECT-erfarenheten varierar mellan individer. Det är en behandling som väcker mycket känslor. Det finns förbättringsområden om man vill öka förutsättningarna för att göra patienters erfarenheter mer positiva. Ökad och bättre information och ökad medvetenhet om maktförhållanden i vårdrelationer är vid sidan av bättre allmän omvårdnad områden som kan förbättras vid ECT. / Background: Electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, is a treatment for severe affective disorders including depressive illness and acute psychotic episodes. The patophysiological effects of ECT are elusive. The patients’ experiences of ECT vary greatly, both in beneficial and adverse effects. ECT is used throughout the world and in a global comparison Sweden can be found in the 75th percentile in given ECT treatments per capita. Aim: To illuminate patients’ experiences of electroconvulsive therapy.    Methods: Articles were sought for through three different search engines. Eleven articles that met set criteria where read and analyzed.   Result: Two main categories and six sub categories were identified. “Information and knowledge construct the ECT experience” and “Ambivalent feelings define the ECT experience.”     Conclusion: ECT is a treatment that leaves patients with mixed emotions and a vast array of experiences. There are several areas to improve to make patients’ experiences of ECT better. More and better information and a better awareness of the power losses and hierarchial structures within healthcare are two of those areas. There is also a need for better nursing strategies.

Background: Long term negative physical and mental health problems occur from the lack of appropriate interventions targeting the adult population who experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and partake in risky alcohol consumption behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk for alcohol consumption behaviors, specifically binge drinking (BD) and any drinking (AD), among adults with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Methods: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2011–2012 data were used. Descriptive statistics were completed followed by simple and multiple logistic regression to determine the strength of association between ACEs and alcohol consumption, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Results: The final adjusted sample size was 69,793. Adults who experienced household abuse were 30% more likely to BD (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20–1.41) and 21% more likely for AD (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14–1.28) in the past month. Males were over two times more likely to BD (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.96–2.29) and 60% more likely for AD (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.51–1.69) in the past month compared to females. Individuals who completed some college were at higher risk of BD (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.26–1.82), whereas those who graduated college were nearly two and a half times more likely to report AD in the past month (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.99–2.59) compared to individuals with less than high school education. Conclusion: Adults who experienced household abuse, are male, or possess at least some college education are at increased risk for BD and AD.