Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia composta de duas fases para resolver problemas de otimização com restrições usando uma estratégia multiobjetivo. Na primeira fase, o esforço concentra-se em encontrar, pelo menos, uma solução factível, descartando completamente a função objetivo. Na segunda fase, aborda-se o problema como biobjetivo, onde se busca a otimização da função objetivo original e maximizar o cumprimento das restrições. Na fase um propõe-se uma estratégia baseada na diminuição progressiva da tolerância de aceitação das restrições complexas para encontrar soluções factíveis. O desempenho do algoritmo é validado através de 11 casos testes bastantes conhecidos na literatura especializada. / Abstract: This work presents a two-phase framework for solving constrained optimization problems using a multi-objective strategy. In the first phase, the objective function is completely disregarded and entire search effort is directed toward finding a single feasible solution. In the second phase, the problem is treated as a bi-objective optimization problem, where the technique converts constrained optimization to a two-objective optimization: one is the original objective function; the other is the degree function violating the constraints. In the first phase a methodology based on progressive decrease of the tolerance of acceptance of complex constrains is proposed in order to find feasible solutions. The approach is tested on 11 well-know benchmark functions. / Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Coorientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Antonio Padilha Feltrin / Banca: Marcos Julio Rider Flores / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Gizelle da Silva.pdf: 2457991 bytes, checksum: aaf834edced8dc048087c2e2844fe44f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / In this study we start from the embryo of environmental issues, that presents itself in the systematization of Geographical Science with Humboldt and Ritter. In it we will seek to show that most of the interpretations on the articulation and the evolution of knowledge coincide with the affirmation of scientific and innovative character based on elaborations of the nineteenth century, season of a real renaissance of Geography. We base ourselves in a broader vision, that consider other points besides the Geography a as a discipline and as scientific knowledge, what shows that the environmental theme is a constant concern transdisciplinary. We seek in this perspective, answers to questions such as: how to provide quality education and critical nature? How to enforce the various existing laws that organize and schedule the process of specific effecting of the EE in the formal education? It is possible to reduce the bureaucracy in the system, approaching the educator of the learner and facilitating access of educator to sources of information necessary for a good job? In the approach we highlight the consensus around the relevance of quality education at all levels, with global and holistic character. So, we aimed to clarify the process of teaching and learning of Environmental Education (EE) in the final grades of the 1st stage of Elementary School (4th and 5th years), of the State School Felismina Cardoso Batista, in Campos Belos-GO, as well as its possible theoretical-methodological origins in the formation of teachers of the Course of Pedagogy of the local UEG. This is done through the analysis of modes of understanding of Environment and Environmental Education by perspective of teachers and students of these institutions. / No presente estudo partimos do embrião das questões ambientais, que se apresenta na própria sistematização da Ciência Geográfica com Humboldt e Ritter. Nele buscaremos evidenciar que a maioria das interpretações sobre a articulação e a evolução do saber coincide com a afirmação de caráter inovador e científico fundados nas elaborações do século XIX, época de um verdadeiro renascimento da Geografia. Pautamo-nos numa visão mais alargada, que considera outros focos além da Geografia como disciplina e como saber científico, o que evidencia que a temática ambiental é uma constante preocupação transdisciplinar. Buscamos, nessa perspectiva, respostas para questionamentos como: de que maneira oferecer uma educação de qualidade e de cunho crítico? Como fazer cumprir as várias leis existentes que organizam e programam o processo de efetivação específico da EA no ensino formal? É possível desburocratizar o sistema, aproximando o educador do educando e facilitando o acesso do educador às fontes de informações necessárias a um bom trabalho? Na abordagem destacamos o consenso em torno da relevância da educação de qualidade em todos os níveis, com caráter global e holístico. Assim, objetivamos esclarecer o processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Educação Ambiental (EA) nas séries finais da 1ª fase do Ensino Fundamental (4º e 5º anos), da Escola Estadual Felismina Cardoso Batista, de Campos Belos-GO, bem como suas possíveis origens teórico-metodológicas na formação de professores do Curso de Pedagogia da UEG local. Isso é feito através da análise dos modos de compreensão de Meio Ambiente e Educação Ambiental pela perspectiva de professores e alunos das referidas instituições.

This thesis deals with subject of enterprise architecture management. Topcis covered are enterprise environment integration, enterprise architecture parts description and description of shift in enterprise architecture focus point. This trend can be described as shift from IT related activity for IT management through tool for IT and business alignment to the final state as a tool for business change implementation. There are four goals of this thesis. Description of enterprise architecture, description of trend for enterprise architecture shift toward business, analysis of enterprise architecture state in Czech Republic and analysis of enterprise architecture shift to business in Czech Republic. I will reach first two goals by analysis of literature of the solution domain and the other two goals with questionnaire and its analysis.

The research focuses on the relationship and interlinking between the different architectural domains within the enterprise architecture of an enterprise. The architectural domains are grouped together as business architecture, information architecture and technology architecture. First, a literature review of the definitions, history, role, functions and qualities, existing frameworks, models and domains of enterprise architecture was conducted. The definitions; role and benefits; models, frameworks, ontologies and descriptive languages of the different architectural domains were then studied as background and basis. New definitions were deduced. Second, the modelling methodology, process, elements and deliverables were investigated. An integration metamodel for enterprise architecture was developed, according to this modelling methodology. The metamodel is called the Relational Enterprise Architecture Metamodel or the REAM. Third, the research methodology for the empirical research section was investigated and determined. The proposed conceptual metamodel has been assessed through a case study within three different industries each. The feedback from the case studies was used to modify/enhance the metamodel. The possibilities for application of the modified model were then assessed at the University of Pretoria. The contribution of this research lies mainly in the development, empirical testing and refining of an integrated EA metamodel (REAM) as well as the development of new definitions for enterprise, business, information and technology architecture and relating them. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria 2015. / Information Science / Unrestricted

Effektiv användning av IT-resurser i organisationer kräver en optimerad anpassning mellan affärsverksamheten och IT-verktyg. Enterprise Architecture är ett välkänt koncept som används för att anpassa strukturen av IT-system i linje med affärsverksamheten. Tidigare forskning har mestadels fokuserat på Enterprise Architecture i stora organisationer och därmed saknas tillräcklig forskning om hur konceptet används eller kan användas i små och medelstora företag. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur små och medelstora företag, medvetet eller omedvetet, arbetar eller kan arbeta med Enterprise Architecture i sin kontext. Ett sekundärt syfte var att arbeta fram ett ramverk för att stödja små och medelstora företag i detta arbete. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med personer i ledande befattningar i små och medelstora företag (n = 4). Intervjutranskriptionerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ dataanalys. Resultaten av denna studie ger insikt i ett antal utmaningar och möjligheter som små och medelstora företag möts av när det gäller arbete med Enterprise Architecture. Utmaningarna var att de inte inser värdet konceptet kan skapa, resursbrist, missuppfattning om att konceptet måste appliceras fullskaligt, att ramverken är för rigida, att involvera ledningsgruppen som ofta är mer intresserade av ekonomiska nyckeltal, flytande rollfördelningar samt bristande långsiktigt tänk. Möjligheterna var att förbättra samarbetet mellan verksamhetens IT- och affärssida, integrera IT-system för att säkerställa att systemen går i linje med verksamhetens mål och visioner, stödja långsiktigt tänkande, ge en bättre överblick och struktur på verksamheten samt minska kostnader och optimera arbetsprocesser. I arbetet med Enterprise Architecture bör små och medelstora företag använda anpassningsbara ramverk, hantera samspelet mellan kortsiktiga och långsiktiga mål, involvera hela verksamheten, upprätta en aktiv kommunikation mellan avdelningar samt endast använda det som behövs i verksamheten. Baserat på teoretiska och empiriska insikter har ett ramverk arbetats fram, som ska kunna användas för att stödja arbetet med Enterprise Architecture i små och medelstora företag. / Efficient use of IT resources in organizations requires an optimized alignment between business operations and IT. Enterprise Architecture is a well-known concept used to align the structure of IT systems with the business operations. Previous research has mostly focused on Enterprise Architecture in large organizations, thus there is a lack of research on how the concept is applied, or can be applied, in small and medium-sized enterprises. The purpose of this study was to investigate how small and medium-sized enterprises, consciously or unconsciously, work or can work with Enterprise Architecture in their context. The secondary purpose was to develop a framework to support small and medium-sized enterprises in this work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people in senior positions in small and medium-sized enterprises (n = 4). The interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative data analysis. The results of this study provide insight into a number of challenges and opportunities that small and medium-sized enterprises face when it comes to embracing Enterprise Architecture. The challenges were that they did not realize the value the concept can create, lack of resources, misconception that the concept must be applied fully, that the frameworks are too rigid, to involve the management team who are often more interested in financial performance indicators, floating role distributions and lack of long-term thinking. The opportunities were to improve the collaboration between IT and business, integrate IT systems and ensure that the systems are in line with the company's goals and visions, support long-term thinking, provide a better overview and structure of the business, reduce costs and optimize work processes. When working with Enterprise Architecture, small and medium-sized enterprises should use adaptable frameworks, manage the interplay between short-term and long-term goals, involve the entire business, establish active communication between different departments and only use what is needed in the business. Based on theoretical and empirical insights, a framework has been developed, which can be used to support the work with Enterprise Architecture in small and medium-sized enterprises.

Models in Enterprise Architecture (EA) are used to deal with the architectural complexity inan organization. Modeling Enterprise IT (Information Technology) Architecture, which is apart of EA, requires various kinds of information about the objects in the IT infrastructure ofan enterprise. It is a big challenge to acquire the required information when the models arecreated. It is at the same time difficult and the time taken for it cannot be controlled. This iswhere automation of the EA IT modeling becomes particularly important. For this purpose,operational IT data from different sources in the network can be used. Since these data areheterogeneous in nature, comprehending these data needs recognizing its semantic meaning.To recognize the semantic meaning of the data in relation to the real world, one has to useontology. When this semantic meaning is known, the data can then be standardized to acommon representation. Common representation is necessary for ensuring quality of thedata in the merging process. This thesis work attempts to focus on the important area of EAIT model automation by proposing an approach that tries to standardize the heterogeneousIT architecture data in the network with the help of domain ontology. / Modeller i Enterprise Arkitektur (EA) används för att hantera den arkitektoniska komplexiteten i en organisation. Modellering Enterprise IT (Informationsteknologi) Arkitektur, som ingår i EA, kräver olika typer av information om objekten i ett företags IT- infrastruktur. Det är en stor utmaning att förvärva den information som krävs när modellerna skapas. Det är samtidigt svårt och tidsåtgången är svår att kontrollera. Det är här automatiseringen av EA IT-modelleringen blir särskilt viktig. För detta ändamål kan operativa IT-data från olika källor i nätverket användas. Eftersom dessa data är heterogena, behöver förståelsen för dessa data erkänna dess semantiska mening. För att känna igen den semantiska meningen med data i förhållande till den verkliga världen måste man använda ontologi. När denna semantiska mening är känd, kan data sedan standardiseras till en gemensam representation. En gemensam representation är nödvändig för att säkerställa kvaliteten på uppgifterna i fusionsprocessen. Denna avhandling arbetar med att fokusera på det viktiga området för EA IT-modellautomatisering genom att föreslå ett tillvägagångssätt som försöker standardisera de heterogena IT-arkitekturdata i nätverket med hjälp av domänontologi

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-04T15:37:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cristina Maria Baesso Canônico Lopes - 2014.pdf: 4423521 bytes, checksum: a3f3f6acefc36b2fd0efd7224c3853f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-05T10:13:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cristina Maria Baesso Canônico Lopes - 2014.pdf: 4423521 bytes, checksum: a3f3f6acefc36b2fd0efd7224c3853f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T10:13:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cristina Maria Baesso Canônico Lopes - 2014.pdf: 4423521 bytes, checksum: a3f3f6acefc36b2fd0efd7224c3853f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The establishment of the Environmental Education (EE) is the result of a historical rocess, which is directly related to environmental problems, since EA has emerged as one of the most important tools for achieving sustainability and survival of the planet. In this context, EA has become a component of public policies with the government the obligation to promote it. The aim of this study was to report the perceptions that residents of Rio Pomba have on environmental public policy developed by the municipality and EE. The methodological procedures used anchored in the qualitative research. Information was obtained through interviews and questionnaires and was analyzed by describing and analyzing the content. Participated in this survey 162 people in total sento7 public representatives, 33 teachers and 122 residents of Rio Pomba. The results show that the research subjects, including public representatives, recognize and are aware of the environmental impacts that occur at Rio Pomba with emphasis on those related to water, garbage and sewer. On the other hand, there is a lack of understanding by the residents and faculty, public policies that the municipality develops. However, this relates to the lack of communication and performance of the municipal government and the lack of promotion from EA and public awareness for environmental conservation. Was identified as the city of Rio Pomba needs to develop a program of EE, which provides an overview of the environment, to awaken in people a the feeling of belonging to the same and to promote awareness and citizenship in the search and recovery by environmental conservation and the EE. / O estabelecimento da Educação Ambiental (EA) é resultado de um processo histórico, que se relaciona diretamente com a problemática ambiental, visto que a EA emerge como um dos instrumentos mais importantes para viabilizar a sustentabilidade e sobrevivência do planeta. Nesse contexto, a EA se tornou um componente das políticas públicas, tendo o poder público a obrigação de promovê-la. O objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar as percepções que os moradores de Rio Pomba têm sobre políticas públicas ambientais elaboradas pelo município e sobre EA. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados ancoraram-se na pesquisa qualitativa. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas e questionários e foram analisadas por meio da descrição e da análise de conteúdo. Participaram dessa pesquisa 162 pessoas no total, sendo 07 representantes públicos, 33 professoras e 122 moradores de Rio Pomba. Os resultados mostram que os sujeitos da pesquisa, incluindo os representantes públicos, reconhecem e têm consciência dos impactos ambientais que ocorrem em Rio Pomba, com destaque para os relacionados à água, lixo e esgoto. Por outro lado, existe um desconhecimento, por parte dos moradores e professoras, das políticas públicas que o município desenvolve. No entanto, isso se relaciona com a falta de comunicação e atuação do poder público municipal e com a falta da promoção da EA e da conscientização pública para a conservação do meio ambiente. Foi identificado que o município de Rio Pomba precisa desenvolver um programa de EA, que proporcione uma visão global do meio ambiente, que desperte nas pessoas um sentimento de pertencimento ao mesmo e que promova a conscientização e o exercício da cidadania na busca e na cobrança pela conservação ambiental e pela EA.

Les nanotubes de carbone (NTCs) sont des charges particulièrement intéressantes car ils présentent des facteurs de forme (longueur/diamètre) très élevés. Cependant, le développement de ces applications à haute valeur ajoutée a été freiné par les problèmes de mise en oeuvre des NTCs (résultant de la difficulté de les disperser dans un milieu polymère) et par la formation d'agrégats de nanotubes en " fagots ", ne permettant pas l'obtention de mélanges homogènes. La solution réside dans la fonctionnalisation des nanotubes avec des chaînes polymères afin de réduire l'effet des interactions entre NTCs et d'assurer une meilleure comptabilisation avec le polymère hôte au cours du mélange. Ici, nous nous sommes intéressés à la fonctionnalisation des nanotubes de carbone par des polyoléfines en utilisant une procédure de greffage radicalaire de type " grafting onto ".

Environmental assessments and authorisations surrounding project level developments are often made in isolation, without consideration of the regional or strategic context within which individual developments are done. This research investigates the quality of Environmental Management Frameworks (EMF) as strategic environmental instrument. EMF is a unique South African instrument that was first conceptualised in 1989, enacted in 2006 and updated in 2010. EMFs were developed to map environmental sensitivity to aid the screening out of undesired developments in sensitive environments and to minimise unnecessary project level assessments in preferred development areas. EMFs form an important link between environmental assessment (EA) processes and planning strategies such as Spatial Development Frameworks (SDFs) and Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), due to their spatial output of environmental sensitivity maps and their ability to feed strategic assessment processes required by SDFs. They have a legal mandate which ensures their assimilation and use. This research uses a multiple case study approach to review seven EMF documents for their quality. The quality aspects identified are the process, methodology and documentation components, using the printed EMF documentation as primary information source. Quality review criteria were subsequently developed to investigate these inputs, using the legal mandate of EMF as basis. Each case was rated for compliance with the quality criteria using a six–level rating schedule. Further analyses were made by comparing the performance of cases against one another. Public participation emerged as the weakest component of EMF practice, while aspects of sensitivity analysis also performed weaker than other aspects. More focus is required on aligning scales and resolutions of map inputs, mapping methods and general integration of spatial data, especially those of adjoining districts. The need to substantiate a rationale for buffer determination also requires further refinement. The practice of conducting EMF is well established and it can be valuable in sustainable development planning and decisionmaking. Recommendations to enhance the sustainability outcomes and hence effectiveness of this instrument are made, as well as future research objectives for increasing its utility. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Environmental assessments and authorisations surrounding project level developments are often made in isolation, without consideration of the regional or strategic context within which individual developments are done. This research investigates the quality of Environmental Management Frameworks (EMF) as strategic environmental instrument. EMF is a unique South African instrument that was first conceptualised in 1989, enacted in 2006 and updated in 2010. EMFs were developed to map environmental sensitivity to aid the screening out of undesired developments in sensitive environments and to minimise unnecessary project level assessments in preferred development areas. EMFs form an important link between environmental assessment (EA) processes and planning strategies such as Spatial Development Frameworks (SDFs) and Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), due to their spatial output of environmental sensitivity maps and their ability to feed strategic assessment processes required by SDFs. They have a legal mandate which ensures their assimilation and use. This research uses a multiple case study approach to review seven EMF documents for their quality. The quality aspects identified are the process, methodology and documentation components, using the printed EMF documentation as primary information source. Quality review criteria were subsequently developed to investigate these inputs, using the legal mandate of EMF as basis. Each case was rated for compliance with the quality criteria using a six–level rating schedule. Further analyses were made by comparing the performance of cases against one another. Public participation emerged as the weakest component of EMF practice, while aspects of sensitivity analysis also performed weaker than other aspects. More focus is required on aligning scales and resolutions of map inputs, mapping methods and general integration of spatial data, especially those of adjoining districts. The need to substantiate a rationale for buffer determination also requires further refinement. The practice of conducting EMF is well established and it can be valuable in sustainable development planning and decisionmaking. Recommendations to enhance the sustainability outcomes and hence effectiveness of this instrument are made, as well as future research objectives for increasing its utility. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.