Se tuvo la iniciativa de implementar este proyecto, debido a la tendencia y cuidado creciente en la salud bucal de las personas mediante productos orgánicos. Por ello, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con la finalidad de poder implementar y colocar en el mercado un dentífrico orgánico elaborado con productos naturales, que brinde una buena protección y agradable sabor a finas hierbas, asimismo, buscaremos que sea escalable y rentable en el tiempo. Ecosanna está dirigida a todas las personas de ambos géneros, desde los 18 hasta los 55 años, en los niveles socioeconómicos A y B, que residan en el área de Lima Metropolitana y que cuiden su higiene dental. Nuestra propuesta de valor se enfoca en un producto de cuidado bucal elaborado con insumos orgánicos y que permita mejorar el sistema de lavado dental, mediante su venta en envases eco-amigables. El proyecto está estructurado en tres etapas. Empezamos con la validación del negocio, el cual consiste en validar el problema y realizar el concierge, luego continuamos con el desarrollo del plan de negocio, donde identificamos nuestro plan estratégico, finalmente, modelamos el plan financiero, donde se evaluará las ventas, rentabilidad y métodos de financiamiento del proyecto. Para poner en marcha el proyecto, se requerirá invertir inicialmente S/43,143 (Cuarenta y tres mil ciento cuarenta y tres Soles), estos tendrán la estructura de capital con aporte de capital de los accionistas y préstamo microfinanciero. El proyecto genera una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 158% y un Valor Actual Neto de S/130,367. Por lo expuesto se puede concluir que el proyecto es viable.

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad idear y planificar todas las actividades que son necesarias para dar inicio al proyecto de producción de shampoo-jabón en barra 100% natural y eco amigable, así como también demostrar la viabilidad de la idea de negocio. Hoy en día, existe gran diversidad de shampoos y jabones en el mercado, más no con la calidad y función que brinda nuestro producto, dígase, ser 100% natural y eco amigable. Como se manifestó en líneas anteriores, nuestro producto cumple la función de dos elementos en uno solo, es decir, jabón y shampoo al mismo tiempo, además de mencionar que cuenta con la incorporación de una esponja de lufa eco amigable para una mayor limpieza del cuerpo. El producto se ideó considerando a un público tanto femenino como masculino que apuesten por los productos naturales y amigables con el medio ambiente. Para determinar la viabilidad del proyecto se tomó en consideración aspectos del entorno externo e interno en el que se desarrollaría la empresa creada, así como también aspectos financieros, comerciales, planes estratégicos, de marketing, recursos humanos y de financiamiento que pudiesen contribuir con la determinación de la factibilidad de nuestra idea de negocio. / The purpose of this work is to devise and plan all the activities that are necessary to start and start the production project for 100% natural and eco-friendly shampoo-soap bars, as well as to demonstrate the viability of our business idea. Today, there is a great diversity of shampoos and soaps on the market, but not with the quality and function that our product provides, say, be 100% natural and eco-friendly. As stated in previous lines, our product fulfills the function of two elements in one, that is, soap and shampoo at the same time, in addition to mentioning that it has the incorporation of an eco-friendly loofah sponge for greater body cleaning. The product was devised considering both a feminine and masculine public that bet on natural and environmentally friendly products. To determine the viability of the project, aspects of the external and internal environment in which the created company would be developed were taken into consideration, as well as financial, commercial, strategic, marketing, human resources and financing aspects that could contribute to the determination of the feasibility of our business idea. / Trabajo de investigación

A number of problems have served as motivators for this study: Environmental deterioration as a risk to economic facilitation; missed organisational green competitive opportunities; South Africa's need as a developing country for the growth of small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs); and information technologies as an aid for ecological and economical problems. Accordingly, this research has aimed to suggest environment-friendly information technology policies that can be implemented in South African SMMEs, engendering mutually beneficial sustainability for the three domains (or contextual study elements) ‘Environment’, ‘Organisation’ and ‘Information Technology’. The methodology used involves an interpretive research approach, a literature survey based on document analyses, and an empirical study based on green information technology expert interviews. In collecting the data, the theory of three of the five Multiple Perspectives Approach perspective types was applied; for the data analysis, the Hierarchical and Signed components constituting the Directed Graphing Method where applied. The output of this study includes an explanation of the relationships that exist between the study elements and that lead to mutually beneficial sustainability. It also includes the identification of Key Sustainability Factors for each of the research elements, as high level critical goals to be achieved by green information technology policy developers in pursuing mutually beneficial sustainability. Furthermore, the output contains contextually consolidated Key Sustainability Factor Enablers, to serve as policy recommendations for implementation by green information technology practitioners toward ensuring mutually beneficial sustainability; and, finally, a sample integration of these Key Sustainability Factor Enablers, now referred to as Conceptual Policy Views, such as may have been produced by typical green information technology policy developers in selecting and prioritising views for organisational utilisations. In answering the main research question of this study, as well as providing its key outcome, a conceptual framework has been produced which comprises information technology policies that are supported to be feasible for implementation as well as of mutual benefit in terms of sustainability for the ‘Environment’, South African SMME ‘Organisations’ and ‘Information Technology’ itself. This provides an ordered and related means of implementing information technology policies, while also relating these policies to their respective mutually beneficial Key Sustainability Factors. Strategic planning, toward incorporating the conceptual framework into organisational policy, is thus enabled. This study concludes with an evaluation of its findings and execution, together with future research recommendations. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Informatics / unrestricted

In this paper, the aim is to research green coding and sustainability within web development. Can environmentally friendly web development make a difference in climate change? In which ways can a web developer code green? And to what extent are programmers today aware of the phrase “green coding”? These are the key questions that will be discussed in the essay. The goal is to research the current recognition of environmentally friendly coding within the programming community. To give examples of eco-friendly development and research its relevance as a tool for combating climate change. The paper will attempt to answer if it has a significant enough effect on global emissions for society to care about, or explain why such a conclusion is difficult to ascertain. This study proceeded accordingly when answering the questions. Firstly, a survey was created with questions about green coding and eco-friendly development and then shared with a group of programmers. Secondly, previous studies were collected to see how well their research fit together and what conclusions can be drawn from it. Thirdly, information and data from statistics were collected together with test measurements in order to identify energy-efficient ways of coding and developing. The results from gathering and comparing sources of energy consumed from data being transferred show that it is difficult to calculate the impact eco-friendly development has on climate change. Some techniques and tools that are preferable when prioritizing energy efficiency are revealed. The results of the survey showed that there is some recognition of the phrase “green coding” among programmers but not widespread and that there is a minority of the respondents who think about saving energy when coding and choosing tools and techniques.

Se tuvo la iniciativa de implementar este proyecto, debido a la tendencia y cuidado creciente en la salud bucal de las personas mediante productos orgánicos. Por ello, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con la finalidad de poder implementar y colocar en el mercado un dentífrico orgánico elaborado con productos naturales, que brinde una buena protección y agradable sabor a finas hierbas, asimismo, buscaremos que sea escalable y rentable en el tiempo. Ecosanna está dirigida a todas las personas de ambos géneros, desde los 18 hasta los 55 años, en los niveles socioeconómicos A y B, que residan en el área de Lima Metropolitana y que cuiden su higiene dental. Nuestra propuesta de valor se enfoca en un producto de cuidado bucal elaborado con insumos orgánicos y que permita mejorar el sistema de lavado dental, mediante su venta en envases eco-amigables. El proyecto está estructurado en tres etapas. Empezamos con la validación del negocio, el cual consiste en validar el problema y realizar el concierge, luego continuamos con el desarrollo del plan de negocio, donde identificamos nuestro plan estratégico, finalmente, modelamos el plan financiero, donde se evaluará las ventas, rentabilidad y métodos de financiamiento del proyecto. Para poner en marcha el proyecto, se requerirá invertir inicialmente S/43,143 (Cuarenta y tres mil ciento cuarenta y tres Soles), estos tendrán la estructura de capital con aporte de capital de los accionistas y préstamo microfinanciero. El proyecto genera una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 158% y un Valor Actual Neto de S/130,367. Por lo expuesto se puede concluir que el proyecto es viable. / We had the initiative to implement this project, due to the growing trend and care in people's oral health through organic products. Therefore, we have developed a research project, in order to implement and place on the market, an organic toothpaste made with natural products, which provides good protection and pleasant taste of fine herbs, also seek to be scalable and profitable over time. Ecosanna is directed to all people of both genders, from 18 to 55 years old, in the socioeconomic levels A and B, that reside in the area of Metropolitan Lima and take care of their dental hygiene. Our value proposal is focused on an oral care product elaborated with organic inputs and that allows to improve the dental washing system, through its sale in eco-friendly containers. The project is structured in three phases. We start with the validation of the business, which consists of validating the problem and performing the concierge, then we continue with the development of the business plan, where we identify our strategic plan, finally, we model the financial plan, where sales, profitability and financing methods of the project will be evaluated. To implement the project, it will be required to invest initially S/43,143, these will have the financial structure of shareholder contribution and microfinance loan. The project generates an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 158% and a Net Present Value of S/130,367. This means that the project is feasible. / Trabajo de investigación

Durante el desarrollo del presente documento, se ha identificado fuentes que concluyen en que la zona íntima de la mujer está sujeta a sufrir alteraciones que podrían afectar su salud. Para evitarlo, se recomienda el uso de algodón, especialmente, si se trata del uso de protectores diarios, ya que los más conocidos no cuentan con este material. Por ello, algunas mujeres limeñas, de 18 a 45 años, han percibido el uso de protectores diarios como esencial; empero, les ha producido efectos secundarios. Dada esto, surge Healthy Woman, dedicada a la confección y venta de protectores íntimos eco-amigables, los cuales no generarán efectos adversos por estar fabricados con 100 % algodón pima y podrán ser solicitados por las redes sociales y presencialmente. Adicionalmente, se espera un posicionamiento y reconocimiento de la marca, ante un mercado operativo de 13 mil mujeres. Se pudo validar la aceptación del producto presentado con acogidas de 58 % y 56.31 % en dos pruebas diferentes. El equipo de trabajo posee experiencia en temas administrativos, contables, marketing, etc. además de una red de contactos que podrá ayudar a recomendar al proyecto para que pueda sostenerse firme ante sus competidores. Se requerirá una inversión de S/ 42 mil soles, cuyo 20 % será financiado por terceros; además, un FCNI proyectado que sería el equivalente a un VPN de casi S/ 1.5 millones de soles, con un COK de 10.65 % y un TIR de 283.05 %. En lo que respecta al PRI, se dará en el mes siete. / During the development of this document, sources have been identified that conclude that the woman's intimate area is subject to alterations that could affect her health. To avoid this, the use of cotton is recommended, especially if it is the use of daily protectors, since the best known do not have this material. For this reason, some Lima women, aged 18 to 45, have perceived the use of daily protectors as essential; however, it has produced side effects. Given this, Healthy Woman emerges, dedicated to the manufacture and sale of eco-friendly intimate protectors, which will not generate adverse effects because they are made of 100% pima cotton and may be requested by social networks and in person. Additionally, it is expected a positioning and recognition of the brand, before an operating market of 13 thousand women. The acceptance of the presented product could be validated with acceptance of 58% and 56.31% in two different tests. The work team has experience in administrative, accounting, marketing, etc. in addition to a network of contacts that can help to recommend the project so that it can stand firm against its competitors. An investment of S/ 42 thousand soles will be required, whose 20% will be financed by third parties; In addition, a projected FCNI that would be the equivalent of a NPV of almost S/ 1.5 million soles, with a COK of 10.65% and an IRR of 283.05%. Regarding the PRI, it will be given in month seven. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto de negocio tiene un propósito económico-ambiental sobre la producción y comercialización de envases eco amigables, compuesto principalmente por el bagazo de caña de azúcar, para el traslado de alimentos en distintos establecimientos de comida para el sector A y B en Lima metropolitana, en la cual tenemos determinado un segmento especifico. A partir de la información obtenida, se obtuvo que 87% de los encuestados que tiene un establecimiento están dispuestos aminorar el impacto ambiental de los desechos de envases plásticos descartables que entregan los restaurantes. Actualmente, los establecimientos de pollos a la brasa, chifas, comida rápida y cafés; usan envases descartables a base de poliestireno expandido (EPS) denominado como Tecnopor, y tereftalato de polietileno (PET) sin presentar una opción eco amigable para el comensal. Por otro lado, existen esfuerzos políticos como la propuesto y aprobación del decreto supremo (D.S.) 013-2018-MINAM, los cuales buscan una reducción progresiva del plástico de un solo uso y el consumo responsable por parte de los usuarios; sin embargo, aún no hay políticas de interés a nivel nacional que desarrolle cambios en los hábitos del consumidor para promover el cuidado del medioambiente. Gracias al análisis y estudio a profundidad de todos los asuntos relacionados de forma directa a la propuesta de negocio hemos podido establecer que esta propuesta es viable tanto en la perspectiva financiera y comercial. / The present business project has an economic-environmental purpose on the production and marketing of eco-friendly packaging, consisting mainly of sugarcane bagasse, for the transfer of food in different food establishments for sector A and B in metropolitan Lima, in which we have determined a specific segment. From the information obtained, it was obtained that 87% of the respondents that has an establishment are willing to lessen the environmental impact of the waste of disposable plastic containers that the restaurants deliver. Currently, grilled chicken, chifa, fast food and coffee establishments; They use disposable containers based on expanded polystyrene (EPS) called Tecnopor, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) without presenting an eco-friendly option for consumer. On the other hand, there are political efforts such as the proposed and approval of Supreme Decree (D.S.) 013-2018-MINAM, which seek a progressive reduction of single-use plastic and responsible consumption by users; however, there are still no policies of national interest that develop changes in consumer habits to promote environmental care. Thanks to the in-depth analysis and study of all matters directly related to the business proposal, we have been able to establish that this proposal is viable both from a financial and commercial perspective. / Trabajo de investigación

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17877号 / 工博第3786号 / 新制||工||1579(附属図書館) / 30697 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 牛島 省, 准教授 竹門 康弘, 准教授 Sameh Ahmed Kantoush / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

El presente proyecto es un cargador solar ecológico que puede ser transportado en todo momento debido a su tamaño compacto y su poco peso de 150 gramos. Además, almacena la energía del sol y la luz led para luego cargar tu dispositivo en cualquier momento. Se desarrolla su viabilidad en base a una investigación realizada a hombres y mujeres de 18 a 39 años de los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C. Por lo tanto, el análisis permite identificar a un grupo de personas que necesitan cargar su celular en momentos importantes durante el día pero que no encuentran lugar donde conectarlo o no tienen un cargador. Para validar la solución se utilizó un prototipo del producto el cual fue presentado al público y especialistas para que salga al mercado. Por último, se realizó un concierge para calcular la intención de compra del producto y proyectar sus estados financieros, los cuales, están respaldados por pertinentes desarrollos estratégicos que llevan a cabo un plan de negocio. / This project is an ecological solar charger that can always be transported due to its compact size and low weight of 150 grams. In addition, it stores the energy of the sun and the led light and then charges your device at any time. Its viability is developed based on research carried out on men and women between 18 and 39 years of age from socioeconomic levels A, B and C. Therefore, the analysis allows identifying a group of people who need to charge their cell phones at crucial moments in the day, but they do not find a place to connect it or they do not have a charger. To validate the solution, a prototype of the product was used, which was presented to the public and specialists so that it would be released. Finally, a concierge was held to calculate the intention to purchase the product and to project its financial statements, which are backed by pertinent strategic developments that carry out a business plan. / Trabajo de investigación

Concerns about the environmental impact of the textile industry are increasing, and there is an urgent need to develop and implement sustainable technologies. In particular, the environmental impact of dyeing, which emits a large amount of wastewater and chemicals, is one production process that needs to be resolved. Dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide is attracting attention as a technology that uses carbon dioxide as a solvent instead of water and eliminates liquid waste from the process. It is a development that allows dyeing to be carried out with less energy and a lower environmental impact. In this study, the experiment was done on the application of this supercritical carbon dioxide technology to the dyeing of natural indigo cotton. The aim of study is contribution to the development of dyeing methods with less environmental impact. Natural indigo has the hydrophobicity and non polar which might be compatible scCO2 dyeing, a sustainable and biodegradable dye, offers eco-friendly advantages and poses no harm to humans. In contrast, synthetic indigo raises concerns about waste generation and environmental persistence. It is suggested that the possibility of natural indigo in renewable raw materials could be used to create eco-experiences not only in the textile industry but also in new areas, such as in coatings, design and biodegradable products. The experimental results showed that dyed cotton fabric using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent but small coloration and polyethylene glycol as a swelling agent improved dyeability, but mathematical describing was still small. Swelling agent can support the dye penetration into cotton fabric for better coloration. Changes in dyeability were also observed by increasing the process parameters. In the future, it is hoped that the technology can be scaled up to the industrial level and contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the dyeing of denim, a product that has a significant impact on the market, and to reducing the environmental impact and water scarcity of the textile industry as a whole.