Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-25T19:25:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaLanni.pdf: 881367 bytes, checksum: 16fa7b0ca45a0a847b0fd0d95193ae23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T19:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaLanni.pdf: 881367 bytes, checksum: 16fa7b0ca45a0a847b0fd0d95193ae23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-23 / Given the current crisis faced by the teaching degrees in Brazil, specially due to the lack of attractiveness that teacher training has in the educational context; and considering the criticism made to the fragility of initial teacher training in online undergraduate courses (in this case, the Education course), PIBID – the Brazilian Government Institutional Program of Scholarships for Teaching Initiation emerges as a policy that encourages and adds value to the teaching profession. The aim of this policy is to contribute to a more solid and articulated training in terms of the relation between theory and practice, that can be gained especially due to the proximity that the students who receive this scholarships have to school daily life. This is the focus of this investigation that aimed: 1) to reflect on the history of teacher training and the devaluation of the teaching profession that has led, consequently, to a crisis in the offering of teaching degrees and, to analyze PIBID as the proposition of a public policy to face this crisis; 2) to analyze the representations of PIBID among the students who receive the scholarships in an Online Education Course, to discover whether the experience they have really helps to strengthen the choice they have done for the teaching career and whether the program really contributes to the their formation as undergraduate students; 3) to verify the PIBID contributions to the students, to their supervisors (teachers from public schools) and coordinators, and if these contributions really enhance the preparation for the exercising of the teaching profession. The research conducted a review of the literature on the context of the crisis and the launching of PIBID, as well as of online teacher training. The theoretical framework was based in authors such as Libâneo (1998), Gatti and Barreto (2009), Bahia and Duran (2011), Scheibe (2006), Sommer (2010), FCC (2009), and Tardif (2005). For this research we conducted a field survey using two instruments for data collection: a profile questionnaire and interviews, that were conducted along with seven fellows of PIBID at an online education teaching course (from a private higher education institution, in São Paulo), from which four were from the undergraduate course, two were supervisor teachers and one, an area coordinator. The results indicate that there were stronger criticisms to online initial teacher training in comparison to online on-going teacher training; and that studies regarding PIBID show positive experiences throughout the country, which articulate theory and practice and rescue teacher identity; valuing, integrating and retaining undergraduate students in their teaching courses. The representations about the experience subjects have with PIBID show that the program effectively provides opportunity for reflection and experience, linking theory and practice and allowing for a greater confidence in dealing with school pupils and developing practical activities. Subjects’ representations of the program also show that PIBID helps them to rest assured and feel the conviction that they really want to be teachers. / Tendo em vista a atual crise das licenciaturas, especialmente em termos da pouca atratividade que a formação para a docência vem apresentando em nosso contexto educacional e, considerando, ainda, as críticas sobre a fragilidade da formação inicial de professores ocorrer na modalidade a distância (no caso, o curso de Pedagogia), o PIBID - Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência surge como uma política de incentivo e valorização do magistério com o propósito de contribuir para uma formação mais sólida e articulada em termos da relação teoria-prática, especialmente pela proximidade que favorece aos alunos bolsistas, com o cotidiano escolar – este é o foco desta investigação que teve por objetivos: refletir sobre o histórico da formação docente em interface com a desvalorização do magistério que, consequentemente, levou à crise das licenciaturas e, a partir disso, analisar a proposição do PIBID como uma política pública para o enfrentamento desta crise; analisar as representações de bolsistas do PIBID, de um curso de Pedagogia a distância, sobre a experiência que estão tendo, e se ela contribui, no caso dos licenciandos, para o fortalecimento da escolha pela carreira docente; verificar as contribuições do programa para a formação dos licenciandos, dos supervisores (professores das escolas públicas parceiras) e do coordenador de área e se este oportuniza uma complementação na preparação para o exercício da docência. A pesquisa realizou uma revisão da literatura sobre a crise das licenciaturas e o contexto do aparecimento do PIBID, bem como sobre a formação de professores ocorrer na modalidade a distância, tendo como referencial teórico autores como Libâneo (1998), Gatti e Barreto (2009), Bahia e Duran (2011), Scheibe (2006), Sommer (2010), FCC (2009), Tardif (2005). Realizou, também, uma pesquisa de campo que teve como sujeitos sete bolsistas do PIBID de um curso de Pedagogia a distância (de uma instituição de ensino superior, particular, de São Paulo), sendo: quatro licenciandas, duas supervisoras e uma coordenadora de área do subprojeto. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos para a coleta de dados: um questionário para o delineamento do perfil dos sujeitos e a realização de entrevistas de aprofundamento. As reflexões realizadas a partir da revisão da literatura e das análises dos dados coletados junto aos sujeitos indicam que: em relação à proposição da formação inicial de professores a distância, esta denota maiores críticas, diferentemente da formação continuada de professores a distância, que apresenta uma maior aceitabilidade; em relação ao PIBID, os estudos vêm apontando a positividade das diversas experiências que vêm se desenvolvendo no território nacional e que denotam um trabalho articulado entre teoria e prática, bem como no resgate da identidade docente, com uma ênfase na valorização, inserção e permanência dos licenciandos nos seus cursos; as representações dos sujeitos investigados sobre a experiência que estão tendo com o PIBID apontam para: o reconhecimento de que o Programa garante, efetivamente, a reflexão e vivência entre a teoria e prática; a contribuição para a aquisição de maior segurança na relação com os alunos das escolas parceiras e também no desenvolvimento das atividades práticas; a certeza e/ou convicção de que realmente querem ser professoras.

This dissertation examines the knowledge and knower practices in the Master’s in Educational Leadership and Management (ELM) coursework programmes at South African public universities. This study was prompted by my growing awareness of problems and tensions in the field of ELM generally, and at the level of programme design of the M Ed degree in particular. Many of these had been identified by a national audit of coursework M Eds in ELM (CHE, 2010), and this study sought to find a way of theorising these with a view to improving both course design and teaching. To this end I employed Maton’s Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) which enables critical engagement with knowledge and knowers in programmes, how they are positioned, and how this positioning may be problematic. Hence my first research question sought to discover and critique what counted as knowledge in these programmes and why, while the second asked how knowers were positioned, and why this had come to be the case. LCT has its roots in the work of Bernstein and Maton, whose preoccupation with curriculum was/is driven by a sense of social justice: if we can understand how and why the curriculum is organised and presented in a particular way, it becomes possible to re-imagine teaching and learning, making it accessible to a broader, more inclusive body of learners. The study also drew on critical realism as an underlabourer. This philosophy provided a nuanced understanding of ontology, encouraging and enabling me, as researcher, to unearth causal mechanisms driving the status quo. Only seven South African universities currently offer the coursework option of a Master’s degree in ELM, compared to thirteen when the audit was conducted in 2010. Six of the universities agreed to take part in the study. Data was gathered through content analysis of the six course outlines and interviews with individual co-ordinators or academics centrally involved in the programmes. Through the development of a translation device I was able to establishing that a knower code was dominant in the programmes. Using this point as my departure, I interrogated the knowledge practices and found that different types of knowledge were being privileged across the programmes, with some having a practical/professional leaning and others a more academic/theoretical orientation. The resultant tension does, I argue, restrict knowledge building and helps to account for the fact that the field is generally considered to be under-theorised. The fact all of these programme are registered with the same national qualifications authority, ostensibly following the same national guidelines for Master’s degrees is worrying. The study attempts to find underlying, historically significant reasons for this unevenness. An analysis of the programmes revealed a leaning towards supportive pedagogical approaches. While all programmes promote a cultivated gaze their purposes are not always the same. While a hegemonic practices potential for opening counts as knowledge, cultivated gaze can enable transformation, it can also encourage that can impede real change and empowerment. The study has the up much needed debate on what is meant by a Master’s in ELM, what and what kinds of knower are envisaged.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE PAULO FERNANDO.pdf: 2366335 bytes, checksum: d452dd470c87343c0ccff74f3c5de204 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-11 / This project is part of the teacher training research line in the post-graduation program of the education department at the Federal University of Goiás. It analyzes the career concepts and conceptions which guide the organization of the public teaching career in the State of Tocantins elementary education. It also examines the views of education graduates from the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) regarding the limits and possible overlaps between initial training and expectations on teaching career and salary in the State and municipal networks in Palmas. Therefore, the research focused on three basic points: a) the organization of the public teaching career for elementary education in the State and municipal networks in Palmas; b) the characteristic of the teaching career in pedagogy projects within education degrees at UFT; c) the understanding and expectation of UFT education graduates regarding career and salary during the training process. For that purpose, the research was made through bibliographical and documentary sources, as well as field work using questionnaires to collect data amongst 118 interviewee who graduated in education degrees in 2009 in the Campuses of Araguaína (geography, History, Mathematics and Literature), Palmas (Pedagogy) and Porto National (Biology Science, Geography, History and Literature). The documents below stand out amongst those analyzed: The Career, Positions and Remuneration plan (PCCR) in the State and municipal public teaching and the laws that established it in the State of Tocantins, the Institutional Development Plan (PDI), The Institutional Pedagogy Plan (PPI) and Pedagogy Projects of education degrees (PPC) at UFT. The study investigated the organization of public teaching career in elementary education according to the theoretical perspective based on the principle which states that teachers are under a capitalistic logic. Under that perspective, the nature of work is based on the conditions established by relations of production, even though teachers all have the same identity when it comes to the teaching job. To set a good initial training based on a significant learning and on an efficient teaching training and valorization, we assumed that teaching degrees shouldn t separate the theoretical foundations of education and the knowledge regarding the training which focuses on other dimensions of the teaching job and more precisely on the professional ones (career, salaries, organizational aspects, work conditions, continuing education, etc). Therefore, the research highlighted the importance of the professional dimension of teaching, and especially the career organization in order to understand the policies set to valorize teaching. This is especially true in a moment when career issues get a lot of attention in political debates about quality improvements in the Brazilian education. The results of the research have shown that the teaching career as a theme is significantly present in the syllabus of the teaching degrees at UFT. However, the organization of the teaching career is not appearing as a relevant question in pedagogy projects of the degrees neither on institutional plans. Apart from that, the research revealed that because of the work conditions and salaries in the State of Tocantins, the teaching career is still attractive for education graduates who were interviewed even though the PCCR are made up as tools to achieve neo-liberal projects in the State of Tocantins. / A presente investigação, que integra a linha de pesquisa Formação e Profissionalização Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás, analisa os conceitos e concepções de carreira profissional que orientam a estruturação da carreira docente do magistério público na educação básica do Estado do Tocantins e a percepção dos licenciandos da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) em relação aos limites e possíveis imbricações entre a formação inicial e as expectativas sobre a carreira e a remuneração dos professores da rede estadual de ensino e da prefeitura de Palmas. Para tanto, a pesquisa buscou articular três dimensões básicas: a) a estruturação da carreira do magistério público da educação básica nas redes estadual e municipal de Palmas; b) a caracterização da carreira docente nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de licenciatura da UFT; c) a compreensão e as expectativas dos licenciandos da UFT a propósito da carreira e remuneração no seu processo de profissionalização. Nessa direção, recorreu-se à pesquisa em fontes bibliográficas e documentais, assim como à pesquisa de campo por meio da proposição de questionário para coletar dados junto aos 118 concluintes dos cursos de licenciatura, em 2009, nos campi de Araguaína (Geografia, História, Matemática e Letras), Palmas (Pedagogia) e Porto Nacional (Ciências Biológicas, Geografia, História e Letras). Dentre os documentos analisados destacam-se: os planos de carreira, cargos e remuneração (PCCR) do magistério público estadual e municipal e as leis que os instituíram no estado, o Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI), o Plano Pedagógico Institucional (PPI) e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de licenciatura (PPC) da UFT. O estudo investigou a estruturação da carreira docente do magistério público da educação básica à luz da perspectiva teórica alicerçada no princípio de que os professores estão submetidos aos parâmetros da lógica capitalista, sendo a natureza do trabalho distinguida a partir das condições determinadas pelas relações de produção, ainda que todos possuam a mesma identidade em relação ao trabalho de ensinar. Para configurar uma formação inicial substantiva ancorada numa aprendizagem significativa e numa valorização e profissionalização docente efetiva, partimos do pressuposto de que os cursos de licenciatura não devem dissociar os fundamentos teóricos da educação e os conhecimentos relativos à formação pedagógica mais específica de outras dimensões do trabalho docente, mais precisamente da dimensão profissional (carreira, salários, aspectos organizacionais, condições materiais de trabalho, formação continuada etc). Portanto, a pesquisa buscou seus objetivos compreendendo que o estudo da dimensão profissional do trabalho docente, em especial, da estruturação da carreira, se reveste de grande importância no processo de compreensão das políticas de valorização do magistério, principalmente num momento em que cada vez mais a questão da carreira adquire centralidade nos debates políticos acerca da melhoria da qualidade da educação brasileira. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que a carreira docente enquanto tema encontra-se presente em parte significativa dos ementários das disciplinas dos cursos de licenciatura da UFT. Todavia, a estruturação da carreira docente não se apresenta como uma questão relevante nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos e mesmo dos planos institucionais. Além disso, observou-se que, dada às condições de trabalho no Estado e os níveis de remuneração, a carreira docente ainda é um tanto atrativa para os licenciandos pesquisados, mesmo que os PCCR se constituam como ferramentas de consecução de projeto de inspiração neoliberal no Estado do Tocantins.

Community college and higher education doctoral programs which prepare individuals for the two-year college administrative labor market were analyzed for regional orientation by studying the career experience of administrators, with earned doctorates in community college/ higher education, who were employed in 1990 by two-year colleges in the United States. Employment location relative to location of the doctoral-granting institution was considered at three points in time: three months prior to beginning doctoral study, three months after completing doctoral study, and the current (1990) employment. Contingency tables show strong regional orientation based on four US regions (North, South, Midwest, and West). The in-region association exists independently of in-state associations and may be found for two-year college administrators with both recent (five or less years since earning the doctorate) and for long-standing (fifteen or more years since earning the doctorate) doctoral degrees in community college or higher education. Analysis of individual institutions, however, shows variation in the extent of state, regional, and national orientation. Maps for the top ten doctoral-granting institutions (determined by total cumulative production of community college/higher education doctorates in the two-year college administrative labor market as of 1990) are presented for each of the three points in time. The range of in-state employment among these ten institutions is approximately 15% to 92% at pre-doctoral, post-doctoral, and current (1990) employment locations. The range of in-region employment is narrower (approximately 48% to 100%). In addition, all states in which the individual held a postdoctoral administrative position of at least six months duration were cumulated and mapped by doctoral-granting institution. Two of these top ten institutions, Nova University and the University of Texas at Austin, show the pre- and post-doctoral locations of their community college/higher education doctorates dispersed in the largest number of states; while North Carolina State University, UCLA and University of Southern California have the fewest states reported. / Ed. D.

Doctoral graduates of the program in Higher Education, Division of Higher Education, North Texas State University, from the fall of 1969 through spring, 1973, were selected as subjects for an evaluation of the program. To appraise the effectiveness of the program, the evaluation attempted to: (1) determine how the graduates viewed various aspects of their doctoral program and experiences at North Texas State University; (2) appraise the effectiveness of the doctoral program in Higher Education in light of the career goals and needs of the graduates and how the program served those needs; (3) present conclusions and recommendations based on the findings of the study which could aid in the administration of the program, provide information for planning new programs and policies, or in supporting those already in existence. A questionnaire was developed and used as the data-gathering instrument, after being revised according to suggestions given by a jury. The questionnaire was mailed to graduates on August 17, 1973, and a follow-up letter was mailed on September 19, 1973, to those non-respondents who could be identified. Of the total number of graduates who received the questionnaire, 69 (71 per cent) responded. Data contained in the questionnaires were numerically coded and recorded on keypunch worksheets. With the aid of the staff from the N.T.S.U. Computing Center, print-outs were produced from the worksheets which contained tabulated data. Tables were made from the data for analysis and interpretation. Analysis of the data led to the following conclusions. The program is producing graduates who have a marketable education with most of them teaching in four-year colleges and universities. The emphases on college teaching and administration are major strengths of the program and graduates rate a strong degree of satisfaction with the major program components, structure and curriculum. Competencies gained in educational research and statistics and the residency requirement are considered valuable by graduates. When compared to other programs in Higher Education, the program at N.T.S.U. is rated above average to outstanding by 77 per cent of its graduates. Most graduates were dissatisfied with the amount and variety of financial assistance that was available and felt that the internship experience was under-utilized. Recommendations for further research included replication of the study after a number of years, evaluation of other programs with similar methodology, and program appraisal using a different sample, such as the graduate's employer.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-24T12:28:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Andréa Afonso Sigalla.pdf: 1991431 bytes, checksum: 4de1b944bf0af8da4869356fab76208b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T12:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Andréa Afonso Sigalla.pdf: 1991431 bytes, checksum: 4de1b944bf0af8da4869356fab76208b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research, of a qualitative approach, had as a general objective to analyze the practice of peer tutoring performed in the Professional Master´s degree in Education: Education of Educators (Formação de Formadores - Formep), at the university PUC-SP, based on the perceptions of its participants, tutors and tutees of the Program. The specific objectives were: (1) to investigate whether this tutoring shows characteristics of a space not only collective, but also collaborative to work and education; (2) to identify the possible contributions of this practice to the research participants and (3) to identify the weaknesses of the tutorial and (4) to make suggestions for its improvement. The defended thesis is that the practice of peer tutoring at Formep is characterized as a collective-collaborative space of work and education, mutual learnings generator (of concepts, skills, relationships and attitudes), which can contribute to the academic and professional trajectories of the subjects involved, whoever they are; tutors and tutees of the Program, in the interactions which they establish among themselves. The theoretical foundation of the research is based on studies on adult learning (PLACCO; SOUZA, 2006); peer learning (DURAN; VIDAL, 2007; FRISON, 2012); collective-collaborative work (BOAVIDA; PONTE, 2002; FIORENTINI, 2004, FORTE, 2009; IMBERNÓN, 2009); fundamental learnings in life and work (DELORS et al., 2006); mediation, social interaction and zone of imminent development (ZID) (VIGOTSKI, 2007, 2009). The research had the participation of 30 subjects, being 13 tutors and 17 tutees, whose data were produced in discussion groups and in interviews. Data analysis was inspired by the Prose Analysis approach (ANDRÉ, 1983) and gave rise to seven analytical categories. Among the main discoveries, the following are highlighted: (1) the collective-collaborative aspect of the practice of academic tutoring at Formep; (2) the contributions of the tutoring, together with the academic monitoring, for the education of researchers, university teachers and supervisors of academic researches, in the case of tutors; (3) the contributions of the tutoring to the development of necessary skills in the post-graduation courses, such as defining a research topic, searching information in databases, preparing a bibliographic review, producing and reading academic texts, in the case of tutees; (4) the importance of interaction with advanced peers to enhance the reflexive and metacognitive capacities of tutors and tutees; (5) the importance of dialogue, negotiation and sharing of ideas, doubts and difficulties in education processes, in higher education. The analysis of the data allows us to affirm that the objectives of the research were reached and that the thesis defended was confirmed / Esta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, teve como objetivo geral analisar a prática de tutoria acadêmica entre pares realizada no Mestrado Profissional em Educação: Formação de Formadores (Formep), da PUC-SP, a partir das percepções de seus participantes, tutores e tutorados do Programa. Os objetivos específicos foram: (1) investigar se a referida tutoria apresenta características de um espaço não apenas coletivo, mas também colaborativo de trabalho e formação; (2) identificar as possíveis contribuições dessa prática aos participantes da pesquisa e (3) identificar os pontos frágeis da tutoria e (4) apresentar sugestões para seu aprimoramento. A tese defendida é de que a prática de tutoria acadêmica entre pares realizada no Formep caracteriza-se como um espaço coletivo-colaborativo de trabalho e formação, gerador de aprendizagens mútuas (de conceitos, habilidades, relações e atitudes), que pode contribuir com as trajetórias acadêmica e profissional dos sujeitos envolvidos, quais sejam, tutores e tutorados do Programa, nas interações que eles estabelecem entre si. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa está pautada em estudos sobre: aprendizagem do adulto (PLACCO; SOUZA, 2006); aprendizagem entre iguais (DURAN; VIDAL, 2007; FRISON, 2012); trabalho coletivo-colaborativo (BOAVIDA; PONTE, 2002; FIORENTINI, 2004; FORTE, 2009; IMBERNÓN, 2009); aprendizagens fundamentais na vida e na atuação profissional (DELORS et al., 2006); mediação, interação social e zona de desenvolvimento iminente (ZDI) (VIGOTSKI, 2007, 2009). A pesquisa contou com a participação de 30 sujeitos, sendo 13 tutores e 17 tutorados, cujos dados foram produzidos em grupos de discussão e entrevistas. A análise dos dados foi inspirada na abordagem Análise de Prosa (ANDRÉ, 1983) e deu origem a sete categorias analíticas. Dentre os principais achados, destacam-se: (1) o caráter coletivo-colaborativo da prática de tutoria acadêmica realizada no Formep; (2) as contribuições da tutoria, em conjunto com a monitoria, para a formação de pesquisadores, docentes universitários e orientadores de trabalhos acadêmicos, no caso dos tutores; (3) as contribuições da tutoria para o desenvolvimento de habilidades necessárias na pós-graduação, tais como delimitar um tema de pesquisa, buscar informações em bancos de dados, elaborar uma revisão bibliográfica, produzir e ler textos acadêmicos, no caso dos tutorados; (4) a importância da interação com pares avançados para a potencialização das capacidades reflexiva e metacognitiva de tutores e tutorados; (5) a importância do diálogo, da negociação e do compartilhamento de ideias, dúvidas e dificuldades em processos formativos, no ensino superior. A análise dos dados permite-nos afirmar que os objetivos da pesquisa foram alcançados e que a tese defendida foi confirmada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mirian Ferreira de Brito.pdf: 4515414 bytes, checksum: c88943f21f067fcb81b92d35805f1297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-13 / Universidade do Estado da Bahia / Studies and research on early childhood education gained greater prominence in the past five decades, it was motivated by the Federal Constitution, which recognized this educational stage and included it as part of basic education. Such change ensured some rights to the children, but even with advances and documents about it, even as the Guidelines and Curriculum Framework, some gaps are still visible in teacher training at this stage of education. Thus, we seek answers for regarding questions to the courses and curriculum, where such teachers graduate, particularly in mathematics, for being part of our training universe, work and studies. Thus, we seek through this qualitative approach research, to analyze aspects of teacher training to mathematical knowledge in the curriculum structures of the Degrees in Education, of the Bahia State Universities, taking into account three components: theoretical concepts about of the mathematics, specific mathematical content and practical contents of the mathematics. Therefore, we analyzed the flow charts and summary of the curriculum components, presenting mathematical knowledge, as well as profissiográficos profiles of courses. As main results, we can see the flow charts, which from the eighteen presented courses, only three of them exhibited two curriculum components, and the others exhibited only one component. In the summary, we checked that ten components showed no specific contents of mathematics and only six offered the three components. At profissiográficos profiles, we checked that the teaching and management were nominated in all courses, since teaching for early childhood education, despite being recorded in twelve courses, it do not appear on any of them. In this way, the data disclosed in the general training and/or fast by the ampleness of indicated performances in the courses, and also confirmation of low workload for researched mathematical contents theoretical, specific and practical / Estudos e pesquisas sobre educação infantil ganharam maior destaque nas últimas cinco décadas, motivadas pela Constituição Federal, que reconheceu esta etapa educacional e a incluiu como parte da educação básica. Tal mudança, assegurou alguns direitos à criança, mas, mesmo com os avanços e documentos relacionados a isso, como as Diretrizes e o Referencial Curricular, algumas lacunas ainda são visíveis nas formações de professores para essa etapa da educação. Deste modo, procuramos respostas para questionamentos referentes aos cursos e à estrutura curricular, onde formam tais professores, particularmente em relação à matemática, por fazer parte de nosso universo de formação, trabalho e estudos. Assim, buscamos através dessa pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, analisar aspectos relativos à formação do professor para os conhecimentos matemáticos, nas estruturas curriculares das Licenciaturas em Pedagogia, das Universidades Estaduais da Bahia, levando em consideração três vertentes: conteúdos teóricos sobre a matemática, conteúdos matemáticos específicos e os conteúdos de práticas da matemática. Para tanto, analisamos os fluxogramas e as ementas dos componentes curriculares, que apresentaram conhecimentos matemáticos, assim como os perfis profissiográficos dos Cursos. Como principais resultados, podemos observar nos fluxogramas, que dos dezoito Cursos apresentados, somente três deles apresentaram dois componentes curriculares, e que os demais apresentaram somente um componente. Nas ementas, verificamos que dez componentes não apresentaram conteúdos matemáticos específicos, e apenas seis ofertavam as três vertentes. Nos perfis profissiográficos, verificamos que a docência e gestão foram indicadas em todos os Cursos, sendo que a docência para a educação infantil, apesar de estar registrada em doze Cursos, não aparece exclusivamente em qualquer um deles. Desse modo, os dados nos revelaram formações generalistas e/ou aligeiradas pela amplitude de atuações indicadas nos Cursos e, ainda, constatação de baixa carga horária para os conteúdos de matemática pesquisados teóricos, específicos e práticos

Tidigare forskning har identifierat ett gap mellan teori och hur företag använder kapitalbudgeteringstekniker i praktiken. Forskning tyder på att gapet är särskilt stort vid SME-företag, eftersom de tenderar att använda de enkla kapitalbudgeteringsteknikerna. Genom att försöka förklara förekomsten av fenomenet the theory-practice gap  har forskare reflekterat kring vilka bakomliggande faktorer som ligger till grund för valet av kapitalbudgeteringsteknik i SME-företag. En bakomliggande faktor som påverkar valet av kapitalbudgeteringsteknik är en individs humankapital, i form av utbildningsnivå och yrkeserfarenhet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur humankapitalet påverkar valet av kapitalbudgeteringsteknik vid strategiska investeringar i svenska SME-företag. För att undersöka och analysera studiens syfte har en kvantitativ datainsamlingsmetod använts i form av en internetbaserad enkät. Studien har en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi som utgår från en deduktiv forskningsansats som används för att möjliggöra hypotesprövningar. Studiens resultat baseras på 56 respondenter vilka är beslutfattare vid strategiska investeringar i svenska SME-företag, där resultaten illustreras med hjälp av statistiska analysmetoder. Studiens resultat och slutsats visar att beslutfattare i svenska SME-företag med högre utbildningsnivå eller högre grad av yrkeserfarenhet ökar användningen av avancerade kapitalbudgeteringstekniker. Dock kan inte studiens resultat signifikant påvisa att en beslutsfattare i svenska SME-företag med låg utbildningsnivå eller lägre grad av yrkeserfarenhet använder enkla kapitalbudgeteringstekniker. / Previous research has identified a gap between theory and how companies actually use capital budgeting techniques in practice. Research highlights that the gap is particularly large among SMEs, as they tend to use simpler capital budgeting techniques. By trying to explain the phenomenon of the theory-practice gap, researchers have reflected on underlying factors that influence the choice of capital budgeting techniques in SMEs. An underlying factor, that influences the choice of capital budgeting techniques, is on the individual level in terms of educational degree and occupational level of experience. The aim of this thesis is therefore to increase the understanding of how the human capital influences the choice of capital budgeting techniques in Swedish SMEs. To examine the aim of the study, a quantitative method is used by a web-based survey. Furthermore, the study is based on a positivism research philosophy that evolve from a deductive research method in order to draw general conclusions. The result of the study is based on 56 responses from decision makers for strategic investments in Swedish SMEs, where the results are illustrated using statistical analysis methods. The results and conclusions of the study shows that decision makers in Swedish SMEs with higher degree of education or higher level of occupational experience increase the use of more advanced capital budgeting techniques. However, the results do not support that decision makers in Swedish SMEs with a lower degree of education or lower level of occupational experience use more simple capital budgeting techniques.