Educational activity preceded official British presence in New Zealand. The development of the New Zealand state from crown colony, to a system of relatively autonomous provincial councils, to a centralized administration took place within a period of four decades. Co-terminous with and essential to the state's progressive securing of its authority was the institutionalization of separate national systems of education for Maori and Pakeha. Whilst the ascendancy of the state and the securing of education as a central state concern proceeded ultimately with the sanction of the state and in accordance with its objectives it was not a straight forward process in a young nation which was born democratic, but was struggling to consolidate political and cultural unity. The various stages and the ultimate form that education in New Zealand took were closely linked to shifts in the nature and role of the state in its formative years, in the nature of its relationship with civil society, and in its official relationship with Maori. This provided the context and dynamic of the shift to state control as public schooling came to dominate over private or voluntary efforts, and as the particularism of isolated provincial settlements was replaced by a system designed to serve the nation as a whole. Positing conceptual links between the development of national education and the processes of state formation and nation building in a colonizing context, this thesis argues that the institutionally differentiated form that universal education took in New Zealand produced a site through which socially, culturally and ideologically determined conceptions of “normality” would be legitimated and become hegemonic. By nationalizing education to legitimate a culture of uniformity based on a specific set of norms, individual New Zealanders were differentially created according to class, gender and ethnicity, and to physical, intellectual, behavioural and sensory functioning.

Educational activity preceded official British presence in New Zealand. The development of the New Zealand state from crown colony, to a system of relatively autonomous provincial councils, to a centralized administration took place within a period of four decades. Co-terminous with and essential to the state's progressive securing of its authority was the institutionalization of separate national systems of education for Maori and Pakeha. Whilst the ascendancy of the state and the securing of education as a central state concern proceeded ultimately with the sanction of the state and in accordance with its objectives it was not a straight forward process in a young nation which was born democratic, but was struggling to consolidate political and cultural unity. The various stages and the ultimate form that education in New Zealand took were closely linked to shifts in the nature and role of the state in its formative years, in the nature of its relationship with civil society, and in its official relationship with Maori. This provided the context and dynamic of the shift to state control as public schooling came to dominate over private or voluntary efforts, and as the particularism of isolated provincial settlements was replaced by a system designed to serve the nation as a whole. Positing conceptual links between the development of national education and the processes of state formation and nation building in a colonizing context, this thesis argues that the institutionally differentiated form that universal education took in New Zealand produced a site through which socially, culturally and ideologically determined conceptions of “normality” would be legitimated and become hegemonic. By nationalizing education to legitimate a culture of uniformity based on a specific set of norms, individual New Zealanders were differentially created according to class, gender and ethnicity, and to physical, intellectual, behavioural and sensory functioning.

Educational activity preceded official British presence in New Zealand. The development of the New Zealand state from crown colony, to a system of relatively autonomous provincial councils, to a centralized administration took place within a period of four decades. Co-terminous with and essential to the state's progressive securing of its authority was the institutionalization of separate national systems of education for Maori and Pakeha. Whilst the ascendancy of the state and the securing of education as a central state concern proceeded ultimately with the sanction of the state and in accordance with its objectives it was not a straight forward process in a young nation which was born democratic, but was struggling to consolidate political and cultural unity. The various stages and the ultimate form that education in New Zealand took were closely linked to shifts in the nature and role of the state in its formative years, in the nature of its relationship with civil society, and in its official relationship with Maori. This provided the context and dynamic of the shift to state control as public schooling came to dominate over private or voluntary efforts, and as the particularism of isolated provincial settlements was replaced by a system designed to serve the nation as a whole. Positing conceptual links between the development of national education and the processes of state formation and nation building in a colonizing context, this thesis argues that the institutionally differentiated form that universal education took in New Zealand produced a site through which socially, culturally and ideologically determined conceptions of “normality” would be legitimated and become hegemonic. By nationalizing education to legitimate a culture of uniformity based on a specific set of norms, individual New Zealanders were differentially created according to class, gender and ethnicity, and to physical, intellectual, behavioural and sensory functioning.

Educational activity preceded official British presence in New Zealand. The development of the New Zealand state from crown colony, to a system of relatively autonomous provincial councils, to a centralized administration took place within a period of four decades. Co-terminous with and essential to the state's progressive securing of its authority was the institutionalization of separate national systems of education for Maori and Pakeha. Whilst the ascendancy of the state and the securing of education as a central state concern proceeded ultimately with the sanction of the state and in accordance with its objectives it was not a straight forward process in a young nation which was born democratic, but was struggling to consolidate political and cultural unity. The various stages and the ultimate form that education in New Zealand took were closely linked to shifts in the nature and role of the state in its formative years, in the nature of its relationship with civil society, and in its official relationship with Maori. This provided the context and dynamic of the shift to state control as public schooling came to dominate over private or voluntary efforts, and as the particularism of isolated provincial settlements was replaced by a system designed to serve the nation as a whole. Positing conceptual links between the development of national education and the processes of state formation and nation building in a colonizing context, this thesis argues that the institutionally differentiated form that universal education took in New Zealand produced a site through which socially, culturally and ideologically determined conceptions of “normality” would be legitimated and become hegemonic. By nationalizing education to legitimate a culture of uniformity based on a specific set of norms, individual New Zealanders were differentially created according to class, gender and ethnicity, and to physical, intellectual, behavioural and sensory functioning.

Thesis (M.Ed) Stellenbosch University, 1938. / Bibliography / VOORWOORD: In hierdie verhandleing het ek my dit ten doel gestel om die Geskiedenis van die Opvoeding van Meisies in Suid-Afrika te probeer weer. Daar egter die Kaapprovinsie die voorbeeld vir die opvoeding van meisies in Suid-Afrika gestel het, het ek my alleen tot genoemde provinsie bepaal. Die tydperk in die verhandeling omvat strek van ongeveer 1800 tot 1910, omdat in 1804 vir die eerste keer in die Geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika spesiale voorsiening vir die opvoeding van meisies gemaak is. Om die rede het ek my hoofsaaklik bepaal by die wer van Ds. A. Murry en die N. G. Kerk omdat ons e.g. as die baanbreker van gevorderde onderwys vir meisies kan beskou.

This study explores the problem of a bibliocentric Religious Education curriculum in Zimbabwe amid the quest for a multi-faith curriculum. It traces the history of Religious Education, how it was started and crafted by the so-called missionary propagandists in order to suit their dogmatic interests. Two main aspects of the christianization of the Religious Education curriculum are highlighted, namely cultural alienation and indoctrination. Two post-independence teaching approaches, the life experience approach and the multi-faith approach are discussed in a comprehensive manner as possible solutions to the problem of Religious Education in Zimbabwe. An empirical analysis and evaluation of the views of various stakeholders about post-independence developments in Religious Education is also presented. Finally, relevant findings, conclusions and recommendations critical to successful Religious Education teaching are presented. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Didactics)

Text in English / Since its inception in 1833 the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa has been a missionary church and has always had its own missionary work. It started to organise the Christianization, Evangelization and Westernization endeavours to take place inside the territories of South Africa. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries founded, financed, maintained, controlled and administered their educational endeavours without any moral or financial support from the Government. The main purpose of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries in founding and supporting schools has been to use education as an auxiliary to the evangelization of the indigenous people of South Africa. Elementary schools served as instruments of direct evangelization rather than secular education. Pupils were taught the 3 R's, namely, reading, writing and arithmetic. Education was a useful tool that enabled the converts to read the Bible and other religious material on their own and preferably in their own language. Converts who demonstrated the ability to read, write and do simple arithmetic were trained to become missionaries' helpers. As these earliest converts became proficient and competent, they were posted out into the interior with the instructions to start new church centres and schools. Although the teaching which took place inside these schools was not of high quality, it was definitely better than nothing. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries together with missionaries of other denominations provided virtually all the education which was available for the Blacks in South Africa. Through missionary endeavours the South African Government have realized that Western education and civilization has been important forces which helped the indigenous people to advance individually and collectively in the social, political and economic fields. Western technology and culture successfully won the indigenous people of South Africa to Western civilization. The acceptance of Christianity and the introduction of the White man's rule in the interior of South Africa effectively stopped the inter-tribal wars. The missionaries have made a noteworthy contribution to the education of the indigenous people of South Africa. They empowered the Blacks to play a worthy part side by side with members of other races (Whites, Coloureds and Indians) in the development of the country they shared. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (History of Education)

Maria Montessori's work was initiated in 1898 as a result of her becoming acutely aware of deficient children's learning patterns, while working at the Psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome. The principles which dominate the system, however, did not ·'"spring in full panoply from Montessori. Indeed, her inspiration came largely from early and mid-nineteenth century writings of two French physicians, Itard and Seguin, who were Also involved in the teaching of deficient children. Extending on the ideas of these two educator-physicians, as well as the ideas of Froebe!, Montessori innovatively brought the child's senses into contact with carefully selected didactic apparatus in a carefully structured and ordered environment. According to Montessori, the liberty of the child is a prerequisite for self-education and forms the first major pillar of her didactic theory, and thus becomes the focus of the first chapter dealing with her didactic approach (chapter three) • Montessori believed that the function of education was to assist growth and if the individual child was given the liberty of movement within a prepared environment, a sense of competence would be achieved and the learning of the child would come about almost spontaneously. The principles of individuality and the training of the senses comprise the other two pillars, and form the basis for chapter four and five respectively. The principle of individuality is rooted in the belief that each child has a uniqueness which cannot be ignored without irretrievable damage to his personality. The current educational situation in South Africa, reveals a diversity of educational problems as a result of different ethnic and cultural groups all being thrust into a common educational system. The insidious pressures of conformity to a single standard of education must of necessity lead to a compromise of '"standards. The exposure of educational deficiencies inherent in such a move is characterised by learning impediments and deficiencies in the educational scenario. Research has therefore been undertaken in an attempt to extract those aspects that could provide meaningful pedagogic assistance to meet a present educational need. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (History of Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VeronicaSantos2.pdf: 1293214 bytes, checksum: fa9ac4ee0ad76b48820e886541fe8fcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research attempts to locate the different aspects of pioneer history of municipal public policies, in Diadema (SP), for the education of youth and adults (EJA), specifically in the program for literacy. It updates the program characteristics and focus on the final report of ethnographic qualitative research profile of the youth education and adult service student, conducted between 1993 and 1995, an important service evaluation assessment. It proposes an update based on results presented in that research, using them to confront the development of youth and adult education policies in the city with the latest policies in ABCDMRR (Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires and Rio Grande da Serra) Region, in São Paulo State and Brazil, for this population segment. It searches revitalized measurements and qualitative assessments also gathered by that research to write this thesis. / Esta pesquisa localiza os diferentes aspectos na trajetória pioneira das políticas públicas municipais, em Diadema (SP), para a educação de jovens e adultos (EJA), especificamente no programa para alfabetização. Atualiza as características do programa e aborda o - Relatório Final da Pesquisa Qualitativa Etnográfica Perfil do Aluno do Serviço de Educação de Jovens e Adultos -, conduzida entre 1993 e 1995, importante avaliação do serviço. Propõe uma atualização baseada em resultados apresentados naquela pesquisa, utilizando-os para confrontar o desenvolvimento das políticas de educação de jovens e adultos no município e nas mais recentes políticas na Região do ABCDMRR (Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra), no estado de São Paulo e no Brasil, para esse segmento populacional. Também procura reatualizar as mensurações e avaliações qualitativas angariadas naquela pesquisa para compor esta dissertação de mestrado.

SOUZA, Amós Bernardino de. Padeiros - educadores: coisa que o tempo levou...(1875-1900). 2005. 163 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2005. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-03T14:26:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_Dis_ ABSouza.pdf: 840192 bytes, checksum: 4e202def4066c8d7741881bd98838b47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-20T11:47:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_Dis_ ABSouza.pdf: 840192 bytes, checksum: 4e202def4066c8d7741881bd98838b47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-20T11:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_Dis_ ABSouza.pdf: 840192 bytes, checksum: 4e202def4066c8d7741881bd98838b47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / This work is the undertaken result of a historical reasearch, concerning the insert of literary association, “Spiritual Baker” (Padaria Espiritual), and their social-historical agents, with their involviment in education practices in the end of the XIX century. By literary association, we understood a series of groups among them, unions, cabinets of readings, literary clubs, intellectuais, learned, novelists, writers, scientists, naturalistic-realist, poets, nefelibatas, parnasos, total intellectuais, citizen writers, men of literacy, intellectuais, that moved by a literary passion, were centered in a dynamic of national identify formation. It was in the XIX century, that science was establishing its foundations as the guardian of the truth, influencing with their ideas, theories and currents, the construction of knowledge and fields.The “Bakers” pedagogyzives the literature of that time, guiding the learned reader’s view, on the provincial Ceará. Using some authors to compose a theoretical referential that could manage to express the immensity of the problem, and the retlessness, we accomplished the research based on a Bourdieu’ methodology because they are theoretical head offices of cultural history. Crossing primary, secondary and romance literature sources we’ve chosen to accompany and to guide us the perspective of : Svescenko, Williams, Ginzburg, Certeau, Darton, Chartier and Bourdieu. This research tells the reports and narratives of those historical agents, which moved a series of symbolic capitais, while people, or even better individual beings were historical and social agents in their time, it’s exactly in this period, which education is seen as a characteristic of social evilness. / Este trabalho é o resultado empreendido de uma pesquisa historiográfica acerca da inserção de uma agremiação literária, Padaria Espiritual, e seus agentes sócio-históricos, com o envolvimento em práticas docentes no final do século XIX. Por agremiação literária, entendemos uma série de grupos, entre eles, grêmios, gabinetes de leituras, clubes literários, reunião de intelectuais, letrados, romancistas, literatos, escritores, cientistas, naturalistas-realistas, poetas, nefelibatas, parnasos, intelectuais-totais, escritores-cidadãos, homens de letras, intelectuais engajados que, movidos por uma paixão literária, estavam centrados dentro de uma dinâmica de formação da identidade nacional, compondo a República das Letras. Era o século XIX o século em que a ciência firmava suas bases, como guardiã da verdade, influenciando com suas idéias, teorias e correntes, a construção de saberes e campos. Era a época em que a pedagogia, influenciada pelas idéias científicas, como também as literaturas, estabeleceram intercambiamento entre os campos de saberes. O trabalho privilegia exatamente isso: a agremiação Literária, no final do século XIX, que não fazia somente pilhérias e ironias sobre a educação em um jornal chamado o Pão. Para melhor análise do objeto pesquisado, criou-se uma categoria, fundamentando-a no trabalho. Os ideais pedagógicos dos Padeiros podem assim ser evocado. A pesquisa foi realizada com base na teoria de Pierre Bourdieu, por ser matriz teórica da história cultural. Entrecruzando fontes primária, secundárias e literaturas de romance, elegemos para nos acompanhar e orientar Bourdieu nos possibilitou a compreensão e a noção de campos, saberes, doxa e habitus. Acompanharam ainda os nossos olhares Sevcenko, Williams, Ginzburg, Certeau, Darton, Chatier o que nos levaria a criar uma categoria, Padeiros–Educadores, para contar o envolvimento desses integrantes com a educação e a prática docente.Esta pesquisa conta os relatos e narrativas desses agentes históricos que movimentavam uma série de capitais simbólicos. Enquanto pessoas, ou melhor, seres individuais, eram agentes históricos e sociais em seu tempo. É exatamente nesse período que a educação é vista como um apanágio dos males sociais. Civilizar-se, higienizar-se, modernizar-se, educar-se eram as tônicas no Brasil do século XIX. É por estes tempos, o final do século XIX, que os intelectuais e setores médios urbanos embarcam no entusiasmo pela educação. Eram ao nosso ver o Padeiros-Educadores, Escritores-cidadão, fazendo literatura como missão.