Este trabalho tem o objetivo de compreender os aspectos sociais, culturais e políticos que envolvem a existência de um funcionário de alta hierarquia, a saber, Weni, bem como a produção social de sua autobiografia no Reino Antigo Tardio. Para isso, dividimos o percurso da pesquisa em três momentos. No primeiro fazemos uma apresentação do contexto históricos, com ênfase nos processos ligados à administração e às práticas religiosas e funerárias. Em seguida, partimos para a análise dos aspectos formais e simbólicos da autobiografia do sujeito estudado, além dos acontecimentos narrados no documento. Por fim, propomos uma interpretação da trajetória de Weni que supere os problemas da sua análise puramente textual a partir da visualidade e da materialidade da autobiografia. / This work aims to understand the social, cultural and political aspects that involve the existence of a senior official, namely Weni the Elder, as well as the social production of this autobiography in the Late Old Kingdom. For this, we divide this work in three moments. In the first one, we present a historical context, with emphasis on processes related to the administration and religious and funeral practices. We than proceed to analyze the formal and symbolical of the subject studied’s autobiography, as well as events narrated in the document. Finally, we propose an interpretation of the Weni’s trajectory that overcomes the problems of his purely textual analysis from the visuality and materiality of the autobiography.

Light is seldom addressed in archaeological research, despite the fact that, at least in ancient Egypt, it would have impacted upon all aspects of life. When discussing light in Egyptology, the vast majority of scholarly attention is placed on the sun, the primary source of illumination. In comparison, artificial light receives very little attention, primarily due to a lack of archaeological evidence for lighting equipment prior to the 7th century BC. However, 19th and 20th century lychnological studies have exaggerated this point by placing an overwhelming emphasis on decorated lamps from the Greco-Roman Period. In an attempt to move beyond these antiquarian roots, recent scholarship has turned towards examining the role that light, both natural and artificial, played in aspects of ancient societies’ architecture, ideology and religion. The extensive body of archaeological, textual and iconographic evidence that remains from ancient Egypt is well suited to this type of study and forms three core data sets in this thesis. Combining a materials-based examination of artificial light with a contextualized, theoretical analysis contributes to a richer understanding of ancient Egyptian culture from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. The first three chapters of this study establish a typology of known artificial lighting equipment, as well as a lexicon of lighting terminology. A comparison of the archaeological and textual evidence allows for a discussion on the consumption of lighting in ancient Egypt and its impact on social and economic spheres. From this material it becomes apparent that artificial light was a luxury and this corresponds to its inclusion in religious texts and iconography, as well as the presence of lighting implements in tombs of the wealthy elite. The second half of the thesis examines the ritual application of artificial light, incorporating iconographic and textual evidence, consideration of ritual space and timing, and experimental archaeology. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a discussion of the sensory experience of artificial lighting and its perceived potency in ancient Egypt. It also demonstrates the contribution that Egyptology can make to lychnological and sensory studies of the ancient Near East and Mediterranean by examining the impact of light on phenomenology and aesthetics.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de compreender os aspectos sociais, culturais e políticos que envolvem a existência de um funcionário de alta hierarquia, a saber, Weni, bem como a produção social de sua autobiografia no Reino Antigo Tardio. Para isso, dividimos o percurso da pesquisa em três momentos. No primeiro fazemos uma apresentação do contexto históricos, com ênfase nos processos ligados à administração e às práticas religiosas e funerárias. Em seguida, partimos para a análise dos aspectos formais e simbólicos da autobiografia do sujeito estudado, além dos acontecimentos narrados no documento. Por fim, propomos uma interpretação da trajetória de Weni que supere os problemas da sua análise puramente textual a partir da visualidade e da materialidade da autobiografia. / This work aims to understand the social, cultural and political aspects that involve the existence of a senior official, namely Weni the Elder, as well as the social production of this autobiography in the Late Old Kingdom. For this, we divide this work in three moments. In the first one, we present a historical context, with emphasis on processes related to the administration and religious and funeral practices. We than proceed to analyze the formal and symbolical of the subject studied’s autobiography, as well as events narrated in the document. Finally, we propose an interpretation of the Weni’s trajectory that overcomes the problems of his purely textual analysis from the visuality and materiality of the autobiography.

La reine Tiyi de la XVIIIème dynastie est bien connue en tant que grande épouse d’Amenhotep III, mère d’Amenhotep IV/Akhenaton et grand-mère de Toutankhamon (au moins). Elle est fréquemment mentionnée dans les ouvrages ou les articles traitant de ces règnes, mais l’inventaire total concernant la reine, présenté ici (plus de huit cent objets, inscriptions, représentations, etc.) révèle qu’elle fut une actrice extraordinaire de l’Histoire égyptienne et qu’elle fut, de plus, la reine la plus titrée de la dynastie, peut-être même de tout le Nouvel Empire. Enfin nous pouvons établir que, comme cela a toujours été pressenti, Tiyi ne fut pas une « simple » reine. Notre étude établit clairement qu’elle joua un rôle important aux côtés de son mari et qu’elle peut être considérée comme la véritable contrepartie féminine du roi, plus particulièrement lors des fêtes-sed de la fin du règne. Le présent travail tente de dresser un bilan exhaustif de ce qui est actuellement connu sur la reine, afin de pouvoir servir de base à de futurs travaux concernant cette période de l’Histoire égyptienne. / Queen Tiye of the XVIIIth Egyptian dynasty is well known as great wife of king Amenhotep III, mother of king Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten and, at least, grandmother of king Tutankhamun. She is very often mentioned in books or articles related to these reigns. However, the complete catalogue of objects and mentions concerning this queen which has been constituted for the present work — with more than 800 artefacts, inscriptions, depictions, etc. — reveals that she was a prominent actress of the Egyptian History and that she was simultaneously the highest-ranked of all the queens of the dynasty, and perhaps of the entire New Kingdom. Lastly, it is possible to claim now that - as it was often presumed - Tiye was not “merely” a queen among others. Our investigation establishes clearly that she played an important role close to her husband and that she can be considered as an actual "female counterpart" of the king, and specially during the sed-festivals at the end of the reign. The present work aims to figure out an exhaustive balance-sheet of what is actually known about the queen Tiye, in order to serve as a basis for future studies concerning this period of the Egyptian History.

Cette Thèse de doctorat a pour objectif la définition et le catalogage des éléments provenant du temple de Karnak qui sont conservés dans la collection du Musée Égyptien de Turin. Parmi ces pièces, quelques-unes, depuis longtemps identifiées par les savants comme provenant probablement de Karnak, sont flanquées d’autres pièces dont la provenance, jusqu’à présent, n’a pas encore été l’objet d’étude. De la même façon, le groupe d’œuvres dont la provenance est plus sûre n’a jamais été inséré dans un contexte d’étude apte à en définir leur origine. Bien que beaucoup de choses aient été publiées au sujet du Musée Égyptien de Turin, ce travail de recherche se propose de réunir des sources de différentes provenance, des cahiers de voyage, des documents d’archive et des actes notariés, des publications, des études et des documents inédits. La recherche a permis de mettre au jour et d’étudier plus précisément les activités des fouilles des agents du consul français, Bernardino Drovetti : Joseph Rossignana, Antonio Lebolo et surtout Jean-Jacques Rifaud. Pour ce dernier il a été nécessaire de consacrer beaucoup de temps afin de recréer l’historique de ses fouilles en Égypte. La recherche a requis la vérification d’un grand nombre de documents d’archives et de nombreux contacts avec différentes institutions, bibliothèques et musées, en particulier, la Bibliothèque Publique de Genève. La recherche a prévu enfin la création d'un programme informatique qui permet, par exemple avec un « touch screen », de créer un dialogue interactif entre la recherche et les systèmes : un plan interactif du temple de Karnak permettra d’afficher les informations relatives aux objets et à l’histoire de leur découverte. / The starting point of this PhD research has been the desire to make a new approach to the study of the Egyptian collection in Turin and the debated contexts of archaeological contextualisation. Although much has been published about the Egyptian Museum of Turin, this research aims to gather data from different sources, travel notebooks, archives and unpublished documents. The research has study more precisely the activities of the agents of the French consul Bernardino Drovetti: Joseph Rossignana Antonio Lebolo and especially Jean-Jacques Rifaud. For Rifaud it was necessary to devote time to recreate his excavations in Egypt. The research required the verification of a large number of archive documents and contacts with various institutions, libraries and museums, in particular the Geneva Public Library. Research has finally provided the creation of a computer program in html that allows, for example with a touch screen, to create an interactive dialogue between research and tecnology: an interactive map of Karnak Temple will display information about objects and the history of their discovery.

Seit 2013 bin ich Teil des Teams zur Bereitstellung eines online Kurses für die Ägyptologie Studenten der Universität Leipzig im Weiterbildungsmoodle. Dieser Moodlekurs wurde von Prof. Dr. Kai-Christian Bruhn (FH Mainz), Dr. Franziska Naether und Dr. Dietrich Raue konzipiert und gestaltet und ist obligatorischer Teil des Moduls \"Einführung in die Ägyptologie\" an der Universität Leipzig. Daher richtet sich der Kurs vorrangig an Bachelor-Studenten, aber auch Studenten höherer Semester und sonstige Interessenten nehmen an dem zusätzlichen Angebot teil. Der Online-Kurs fand in diesem Jahr bereits zum vierten Mal statt und startet zum Wintersemester (WS 2015/16) in die fünfte Runde. Die Lehrveranstaltung findet komplett im Internet statt und die Teilnehmer entscheiden selbst wann und wo sie den Unterrichtsstoff im Laufe der zwei Semester erfüllen. Mittels dieser neuen Lernform werden die Teilnehmer zum Umgang mit digitalen Daten und deren automatisierten Verarbeitung angeleitet, die für die Studenten der Ägyptologie bereits während des Studiums Verwendung finden, z.B. bei der Auswertung des archäologischen Materials. Darüber hinaus setzen sie sich mit seriösen und unverzichtbaren Internet-Ressourcen auseinander. Hierbei liefert die Übung eine Einweisung im Umgang mit unterschiedlichen frei verfügbaren Programmen zur Textverarbeitung, Betrachtung und Bearbeitung von Grafiken und Geoinformationssystemen, die eine selbstständige Vertiefung ermöglichen. Die neuartige Lehrveranstaltung richtet sich somit auf die in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend angewachsene Nachfrage auf die langfristige Speicherung wissenschaftlicher Daten (z.B. aus Datenbanken u. Bildarchiven, kartographische Daten v. Satelliten) sowie deren interdisziplinärer Nutzung. Sie hat somit seit ihrer Anlegung weiterhin Pioniercharakter an der Uni Leipzig. So soll der fertig aufbereitete Kurs künftig im IANUS-Forschungsdatenzentrum einem breiteren Publikum zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Wie das in unserem Falle im Hochschulalltag konkret erfolgt soll mit Hilfe einer Power-Point Präsentation an einigen praktischen Beispielen veranschaulicht werden. Es gilt nun Schlüsse aus den bereits erfolgten Kurs-Durchläufen zu ziehen sowie Probleme und Anregungen zu besprechen. Gerne würde ich mich mit den anderen Teilnehmern der Tagung über Innovative Lehr- und Lernmethoden austauschen.

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The presentation presents the state of discussion for guidelines for TEI XML encoding of Ancient Egyptian text artefacts in Egyptology as of middle of 2016. It introduces Egyptological projects actively involved in the development of TEI encoding recommendations and online thesauri/ontologies. Special attention is paid to the TEI encoding of toponyms, personal names, relative and absolute dates, as well as language varieties and script varieties. Furthermore, the presentation introduces the current state of an EpiDoc Cheatsheet for Egyptology compiled by Daniel A. Werning, which gives recommendations for the encoding of traditional philological markup in Egyptology which, in turn, is largely conform to the EpiDoc Guidelines (v8.21). A specific topic, in this respect, is the adaptation of the TEI ‘regularization’ tag <reg> to the needs of Egyptology.

This study considers the relief decoration of private tombs in Lower Egypt in the period 664-332 BC. The basis for analysis is a chronologically arranged descriptive catalogue, which includes both isolated blocks in museum collections and tombs whose location is known. The present condition of the relief and its content are described in detail there. Texts are considered where they provide infotmation on provenance and dating, and hand-copies are provided. Each piece is illustrated in the plate volume. Enough of the material can be dated by textual evidence to provide a solid framework for stylistic ordering of the remainder. The resulting chronology has important implications, dividing the period into two major phases, covering the seventh and sixth centuries, and the fourth century, separated by a hiatus in production of tomb reliefs. The chronology proposed eliminates the possibility that either Greeks or Persians exercised any significant influence on Egyptian art before the very end of the period. Instead, native tradition emerges as the primary inspiration for Late Period artists. Two sources stand out. The first is the Old-Middle Kingdom tomb repertory (archaism), the second is the New Kingdom tradition carried on in the minor arts, a source largely-ignored hitherto. These were not slavishly copied, but adapted and "modernized" to suit the taste of the time. The independence and creativity of Late Period artists is emphasized. A discussion of stylistic development in light of the dating system is given, and several themes are analyzed in detail as illustrations of the larger issues raised.

A partir de uma ampla documentação que abrange diversas categorias de suportes materiais e imagens datadas do período faraônico, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as mudanças na representação, concepção e simbolismo do touro Ápis e sua significância em rituais da realeza e enquanto divindade para a sociedade egípcia como um todo. / Based on a large documentation that compreend many kinds of material supports and images dated from the Pharaonic Period, this work aims to understand the changes on the representation, conception and symbolism of the Apis bull and its significance in kingship rituals and as a deity to the Egyptian society as a whole.