Le répertoire musical produit au moyen de la synthèse numérique du son durant les vingt premières années de développement de ces techniques (1957-1977) n’avait jamais fait l’objet d’une étude musicologique exhaustive, malgré l’importance de ce domaine en ce qui regarde l’évolution de l’univers sonore contemporain, et les nombreux documents disponibles. Notre méthode, empruntée aux musicologues Leigh Landy et Marc Battier, a consisté à rendre justice à des œuvres et à des pièces souvent traitées de façon isolée ou purement illustrative, en reconstruisant autour d’elles un récit mêlant considérations historiques, analytiques, techniques, esthétiques et culturelles. À travers cette étude, les liens qui unirent art musical, science et technologie numérique dans les années 1960 et 1970 apparaissent ainsi clairement, en renouvelant l’appréhension de répertoires basés sur le matériau sonore. / The musical repertoire generated by digital sound synthesis during the first twenty years of development of these techniques (1957-1977) had never been fully studied by musicologists, in spite of the importance of this field regarding evolution of contemporary sonic world, and the availability of numerous documents. Our method, based on Leigh Landy and Marc Battier’ideas, consisted of giving credit to pieces often dealt in an insulated or illustrative manner, by reconstructing around them a story combining historical, analytical, technical, aesthetical, and cultural elements. Thus, links that bound music, science, and digital technology in the 1960s and 1970s clearly appear, renewing comprehension of sound-based repertoires.

« La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). » / Ma pratique artistique se divise en deux volets : la composition de musique acousmatique et la peinture abstraite. Loin d'être distinctes, ces deux pratiques se recoupent en plusieurs points et sont très complémentaires l'une à l'autre. En effet, il m’apparaît clairement que la façon d'aborder la création dans l'un et l'autre peut revêtir certaines similitudes. En d'autres termes, que je compose une pièce ou que je peigne une toile, le résultat que je cherche à obtenir en ce qui concerne l’organisation de la matière est le même dans les deux cas. La présente recherche propose donc une nouvelle approche de composition en musique acousmatique basée sur les techniques et concepts employés en art visuel, et plus particulièrement en peinture. À travers la réalisation d’une série de courtes pièces, j’expérimente sur les possibilités qu’offre la démarche de composition proposée. / My artistic practice can be divided in two paths: acousmatic music composition and abstract painting. Far from independent, these two practices meet on many aspects and can be perceived in a very complimentary manner. It becomes clear that the way in which I approach the mechanisms of the creative process in both practices is in fact quite similar. When painting or composing, I’ve come to realize that the result I strive for is in terms of structure and in terms of how I attempt to organize both the sound events in my compositions and the plastic materials I use on canvas. This text presents a potentially new approach to acousmatic composition derived from the techniques and concepts found in modern visual arts, more specifically non-figurative painting. In order to illustrate these ideas, I’ve composed a series of short composition studies that attempt to experiment the suggested methods and techniques.

Inspired by Chinese poems, the overall characteristics of the work reflect the assimilation of several non-Western musical and philosophical influences such as the use of pentatonic scale patterns, the principle of embellishing a single note, and the application of the I-Ching in dealing with active instrumental passages over a long-sustained computer music drone. Traditional Western compositional techniques such as aleatory counterpoint, serialism, and moment form are also employed in the treatment of thematic material, developmental processes and formal design.

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é uma investigação sobre o tempo e suas diferentes possibilidades de percepção, sob ponto de vista do intérprete, durante a performance de obras eletroacústicas mistas, sejam compostas com difusão em tempo diferido ou com processamento em tempo real. Foram estabelecidas as definições de tempo diferido e de tempo real e suas implicações. Apontamos aspectos da evolução da música eletroacústica e da inserção do repertório para flauta nesse contexto. Aspectos de duas obras de referência, Musica su due Dimensioni de Bruno Maderna e Jupiter de Phillippe Manoury, foram analisados sob o enfoque da questão do tempo diferido ou do tempo real. Tendo em vista as particularidades dos aspectos interpretativos da música eletroacústica, escolhemos para estudar alguns parâmetros de interpretação que incluem a produção das técnicas expandidas e suas peculiaridades de amplificação. Realizamos três análises voltadas para a performance de obras em tempo diferido, Flautatualf de Jorge Antunes, Durações de Rodolfo Coelho de Souza e Parcours de L\'Entité de Flo Menezes e duas outras com processamento em tempo real, Lizamander de Russell Pinkston e Dawnligth de Jérôme Combier / The aim of this dissertation is a research about certain categories of musical time and their different possibilities of perception, from the point of view of the performer, during the performance of electroacustics music composed with pre-recorded tape or live electronics computer processing. We propose definitions about fixed time and real time and also their demands. We point out aspects of the evolution of electronic music and of the insertion of the flute repertoire in this context. Aspects of two referencial works, Musica su due Dimensioni by Bruno Maderna and Jupiter by Phillippe Manoury, were analyzed regarding the question of fixed or real time. Concerning the particular interpretative aspects of electroacoustic music we selected to study some parameters of performance that include the prodution of extended techniques and their amplification peculiarities. Regarding performance aspects, we have analysed three works that use pre-recorded tapes: Flautatualf by Jorge Antunes, Durações by Rodolfo Coelho de Souza e Parcours de L\'Entité by Flo Menezes. And two others with live-electronics: Lizamander by Russell Pinkston and Dawnligth by Jérôme Combier.

Cette thèse est l’étude d’une expérience en situation de composition électroacoustique collective sous l’angle du développement d’une communauté de pratique. Elle a été réalisée en France, sur l’année scolaire 2013/2014, dans deux classes de l’école élémentaire publique Pasquier de la ville d’Antony située en région parisienne. Nous parlons donc d’un enseignement collectif de la musique à de jeunes enfants sur le temps scolaire réalisé dans un co-enseignement professeur des écoles et professeur de musique. La « théorie des communautés de pratique » d’Étienne Wenger sera utilisée comme une grille de lecture et un prisme à travers lesquels nous analyserons les interactions des participants au sein d’une expérience de pédagogie musicale de groupe menée en milieu scolaire. Nous étudierons les situations d’apprentissage via les interactions inter et intra-communautaires qui sont pour partie médiatisées par des artefacts informatiques (fichiers audio des pièces musicales, photographies numériques, publications et mises à disposition sur internet, communication par mails, etc.). À ce titre, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’usage et au rôle joué par les technologies de l’informatique et de la communication (TIC) dans les échanges de la communauté ainsi qu’aux théories relatives aux sciences documentaires.Enfin, dans la troisième partie de ce mémoire nous proposons la construction d’un modèle d’action pédagogique privilégiant les interactions que nous considérons comme transposables à l’enseignement universitaire de la composition musicale en environnement Max et Pure Data au département Musique de l’Université Paris 8. / This dissertation is the study of an experiment in a situation of collective electroacoustic composition from the point of view of the development of a community of practice. It was carried out in France, during the school year 2013/2014, in two classes of public elementary school Pasquier of the city of Antony located in Paris suburbs. We are therefore talking about a collective teaching of music to young children on school time realized in a co-teaching school between a teacher and a music teacher.Étienne Wenger's "theory of community of practice" will be used as a grid of reading and a prism through which we analyze the interactions of participants in an experiment of group music pedagogy conducted in school. We will study learning situations in this situation via inter-community and intra-community interactions, which are partly mediated by computer artifacts (audio files of musical selections, digital photos, publications and Internet availability, e-mail communication, etc.). As such, we have been interested in the use and the role played by information and communication technologies (ICT) in the exchanges of the community and in the theories of documentary sciences.Finally, we propose the construction of a pedagogical action model focusing on the interactions that we consider to be transposable to the university teaching of music composition in the Max and Pure Data environment in the Music Department of Paris 8 University.

L’étude de la musique mixte est caractérisée par un dualisme d’approches, ceux qui étudient les dispositifs et ceux qui utilisent les stratégies analytiques perceptives issues de la musique électroacoustique. Pour surmonter ce dualisme, cette thèse esquisse une typologie à partir de la perception de l’interaction des composantes instrumentale et électronique : les œuvres mixtes sont considérées comme des «œuvres hybrides» juxtapositionnelles, synthétiques et transformationnelles. Afin de conjuguer les aspects de la perception et de la prescription dans la musique mixte, les notions de geste et texture s’avèrent pertinentes. Une approche analytique holistique est proposée. La définition d’un objet spécifique, le « son mixte », nous permet d’interpréter d’une manière originale la spectromorphologie de Denis Smalley et d’examiner ses fondements épistémologiques. Les critères perceptifs de la typologie s’avèrent fondés sur une répartition fonctionnelle des débuts, entretiens et extinctions sonores des « sons mixtes » entre la partie instrumentale et électronique. Cette perspective est validée par l’analyse comparative de cinq cas d’étude : Sopiana et Aulodie de François-Bernard Mâche, Pluton de Philippe Manoury, Traiettoria de Marco Stroppa et Mixtur de Karlheinz Stockhausen. / The study of mixed music is characterized by a dualist approach: on the one hand, an analysis that merely focuses on technical meansand, on the other hand, research resorting to perceptive strategies in the analysis of electroacoustic music. In order to overcome thistraditional dualism, this work sketches a perceptive typology of the interaction between instrumental and electronic components, mixedmusic works are considered juxtapositionals, synthetics and transformationals. In doing so, the thesis advances an analytical holisticapproach in order to combine the concepts of perception and prescription in mixed music, where the notions of gesture and texture areparticularly relevant. The definition of a specific objet, i.e. the “mixed sound”, allows for an original interpretation of Denis Smalley’sspectromorphology and its epistemological framework. As a result, the typological perceptive criteria here proposed are based on thefunctional distribution of the attacks, sustains and decays of “mixed sounds” between the instrumental and the electronic parts. Thishypothesis is illustrated through the detailed analysis of five case studies: François-Bernard Mâche’s Sopiana and Aulodie, PhilippeManoury’s Pluton, Marco Stroppa’s Traiettoria and Karlheinz Stockhausen’s Mixtur.

No description available.

Submitted by ALEX KANTOROWICZ BUCK (alexbuck16@gmail.com) on 2018-11-09T10:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ALEXBUCK_FloMenezes.pdf: 17127016 bytes, checksum: 650f5b37fc496787da1c11fd2a06cc4d (MD5) / Rejected by Laura Mariane de Andrade null (laura.andrade@ia.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: - os itens “capa” e “folha de rosto” nos itens pré-textuais são obrigatórios segundo as normas da ABNT, portanto devem constar no arquivo anexo. Caso seja necessário, consulte o modelo em: http://www.ia.unesp.br/Home/Biblioteca/orientacoes-para-a-normalizacao-de-trabalhos-academicos_iaunesp_26_03.pdf Caso haja dúvidas, consulte a biblioteca. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-11-09T16:15:48Z (GMT) / Submitted by ALEX KANTOROWICZ BUCK (alexbuck16@gmail.com) on 2018-11-09T18:51:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ALEXBUCK_VFcorrigida.pdf: 17311327 bytes, checksum: dba48ccfa3746f5de4394a82e1e9f33c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Laura Mariane de Andrade null (laura.andrade@ia.unesp.br) on 2018-11-09T23:25:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 buck_ak_me_ia.pdf: 17280007 bytes, checksum: be673561d77174ea5cddd7887280050c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T23:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 buck_ak_me_ia.pdf: 17280007 bytes, checksum: be673561d77174ea5cddd7887280050c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-17 / Durante o período renascentista, Leonardo da Vinci cunhou o termo Fantasia Essata para descrever processos nos quais arte e ciência estivessem integrados, quando dispositivos desenvolvidos pelo conhecimento científico se colocavam a serviço da invenção artística. O objetivo do primeiro capítulo da dissertação é apresentar uma discussão sobre os efeitos produzidos pela inserção dessas máquinas, desenvolvidas especificamente para o fazer musical, sobre o campo da composição. Para isso, parti da escolha de alguns exemplos de máquinas musicais respeitando uma linha cronológica que compreende o período de meados do século XIX, com a invenção dos autômatos de Jaques de Vaucanson, aos dias atuais, com o surgimento do computador e, mais recentemente, da inteligência artificial. No segundo capítulo, trato estritamente do processo de elaboração das duas obras acusmáticas que produzi durante o Mestrado — Jazzex no1 (octofônica) e Fantasia Essata (estéreo) — e apresento uma breve discussão sobre as particularidades do processo composicional acusmático, uma modalidade de composição que estrutura o discurso a partir de sons prontos (sons concretos). No terceiro capítulo, apresento alguns patches produzidos durante o Mestrado nas linguagens de programação SuperCollider e OpenMusic. / During Renaissance period, Leonardo da Vinci coined the term Fantasia Essata to describe processes in which art and science were integrated; when devices developed by scientific knowledge were used to serve artistic invention. First chapter’s main goal is to present a discussion about effects produced by incorporation of these machines, developed specifically for musical making, into compositional field. To accomplish this goal, I arbitrarily chose some examples of those musical machines, respecting a chronological line that covers the mid-nineteenth century, with the invention of Jaques de Vaucanson’s automata, to the present day, with the emergence of computer and, more recently, artificial intelligence. In the second chapter, I deal strictly with aspect concerning the elaborating of the two acousmatic works produced during my Master degree - Jazzex nº1 (octophonic) and Fantasia Essata (stereo) - and a brief discussion on the particularities of acousmatic compositional process, a composition modality in which the discourse is constructed from ready-made sounds (concrete sounds). In the third chapter, I present some patches produced during my research in the programming languages SuperCollider and OpenMusic.

Submitted by GEORGE OLOF DE FREITAS ALVESKOG null (george_alveskog@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-25T15:20:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 George Alveskog - Escritura do Espaço na Música Eletroacústica (2016).pdf: 6954137 bytes, checksum: 293ed4252bfbd225092d103f4ed94cf7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-29T18:36:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alveskog_gof_me_ia.pdf: 6954137 bytes, checksum: 293ed4252bfbd225092d103f4ed94cf7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T18:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alveskog_gof_me_ia.pdf: 6954137 bytes, checksum: 293ed4252bfbd225092d103f4ed94cf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo elucidar como a estruturação espacial dos sons tem sido utilizada como uma importante estratégia de composição em obras eletroacústicas acusmáticas. Para isso, serão analisadas obras e escritos de alguns dos compositores que mais contribuíram para o assunto, apresentando tanto problemáticas gerais decorrentes da inserção do espacialidade na escritura musical, como técnicas de elaboração da espacialidade encontradas durante as análises das obras. / The main purpose of this research is to shed light on how the spatial structuring of sounds has been utilized as an important compositional strategy on electroacoustic acousmatic pieces. For this purpose, compositions and writings from some of the main composers which have contributed to the subject will be analyzed, presenting both the general problematics occasioned by the insertion of spatiality in the musical thinking and elaborative process and the spatial elaborative techniques found during the analyses of the compositions.

Este trabalho discute e analisa os processos harmônicos utilizados numa composição eletroacústica mista para Flauta tripla e tape denominada "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla". O tape desta peça musical está composto de sons de diversos tipos de flautas étnicas, wind controller e sons de aplicativos para celulares. Os eventos musicais do tape estão construídos sobre escalas mesoamericas utilizadas na música para marimbas da região de Guanacaste (Costa Rica) discutidas e detalhadas por Acevedo (1986). A Flauta tripla executada nesta peça é uma versão moderna da Flauta triple deTenenexpan (Veracruz, México) conforme publicação de Boiles e Lafayette na revista da Universidad de Veracruz, em 1965. Os processos harmonicos e as técnicas estendidas utilizadas na peça são comparados com cinco peças do repertório da flauta doce: Fragmente (Shinohara, 1968), Music for a bird (Martin Linde, 1968), Gesten (Klaus Hashagen, 1966), East Wind (Barry Truax, 1981),e Kage (Roderik de Man, 2000). As composições: Fragmente e Music for a bird foram concebidas para flauta doce solo e as composições Gesten, East Wind e Kage são composições eletroacústicas mistas. As referências culturais inseridas em "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla" também são analisadas e correspondem a objetos encontrados em sítios arqueológicos da Ámerica Central, a arquitetura mesoamericana, os desenhos e figuras geométricas, elementos da natureza e animais das regiões mencionadas, os instrumentos musicais comuns às civilizações pré-colombianas (maia e inca). O uso de diferentes digitações na execução da flauta tripla, o uso de técnicas estendidas, a utilização de amostras sonoras de instrumentos que não necessariamente seguem o temperamento igual e o processamento dos sons que constituem a parte eletroacústica revelam uma atenção especial às questões tímbricas. O resultado geral da obra corresponde a uma ampliação da palheta sonora que se obteria com o instrumento solo por meio da exploração das possibilidades musicais da flauta tripla (execução de acordes, sobreposições de notas e técnicas estendidas) no contexto da música eletroacústica mista. Isso permitiu explorar relações e diálogos entre as flauta tripla e uma ampla gama de sonoridades do tape. / This dissertation analyzes the harmonic processes used in an electroacoustic composition for triple flute and tape called "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla". The tape of this piece consists of sounds produced by several types of ethnic flutes, wind controller and applications for smartphones. The musical events of the tape are based on mesoamerican scales used in music for marimbas from the Guanacaste (Costa Rica) region, as discussed and detailed by Acevedo (1986). The Triple Flute performed on this piece is a modern version of the Tenenexpan Triple Flute (Veracruz, Mexico), as published by Boiles and Lafayette in a journal of the University of Veracruz in 1965. The harmonic processes and extended techniques used in the piece “Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla” are compared with five other pieces of the contemporary repertoire for recorder: Fragmente (Shinohara, 1968), Music for a bird (Martin Linde, 1968), Gesten (Klaus Hashagen, 1966), East Wind (Barry Truax, 1981), and Kage (Roderik de Man, 2000). Fragment and Music for a Bird were composed for solo recorder Gesten, East Wind and Kage are mixed electroacoustic compositions. The cultural references included in the piece "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla" are also analyzed. They correspond to objects found in archeological sites inCentral America, to features of the Mesoamerican architecture, geometric drawings and figures, elements of nature and animals of the regions mentioned, and also musical instruments that are common to pre-Columbian civilizations (Maya and Inca). The use of different types of fingerprints in the execution of the triple flute, the use of extended techniques, the use of sound samples of instruments that do not necessarily follow the same temperament and the processing of the sounds that make up the electroacoustic part show special attention to timbral issues. The overall result of the work corresponds to an amplification of the sound pick that would be obtained with the solo instrument through the exploration of the musical possibilities of the triple flute (chord execution, note overlays and extended techniques) in the context of mixed electroacoustic music. This allowed him to explore relationships and dialogues between the triple flute and a wide range of sonorities of the tape.. / Dissertação (Mestrado)