As computers become more prevalent (and required) in engineering classrooms, it becomes increasingly important to address the dichotomy in our current understanding of their impact on student attention and learning. While some researchers report increased student learning, others report computers as a distraction to learning. To address this conflict, the research community must gain a fundamental understanding of how students use their computers in-class and how student attention is connected to learning and pedagogical practice. By gaining such an understanding, instructors\' design of classroom interventions aimed at increasing positive computer usage will be better informed. The purpose of this quantitative research study is to answer the overarching question "How do students use computers in technology-infused classrooms?" through an investigation of student attention. Based on the premise that one\'s senses must be oriented towards a stimulus to receive the stimulus, it is hypothesized that attention in a technology-infused classroom can be measured by monitoring a students\' top-most, active window (the Active Window Method). This novel approach mitigates issues with prior data collection methods, and allows researchers the opportunity to capture real-time student computer usage. This research serves the dual purpose of validating the Active Window Method and investigating applications of the method. The Active Window Method is validated by comparing real-time active window data with in-class observations of attention in engineering courses with large enrollments. The bootstrap resampling technique is used to estimate mean error rate. Post-tests are used to establish convergent validity by relating learning to active window data. Polytomous logistic regression is used to examine the probability of post-test score (response) over the range of attention levels (factor). Subsequent to validation, two applications of the Active Window Method were pursued. First, student computer use is characterized in multiple large lecture sections. Second, in answering calls to link student computer usage to pedagogical practices, an investigation into the relationship between pedagogy and attention is conducted by aligning time stamps of the active window record with technology-infused pedagogical activities identified in video recordings of lectures. An intervention time series analysis is employed to quantify the change in average attention due to pedagogical activities. Results demonstrate strong construct validity when directly comparing active window and attention. Convergent validity was weak when relating active window to learning. Results from the two applications illustrate that instructors\' use of technology and their pedagogical practices impact student computer use. Specifically, collecting student-generated content and polling question activities encourage on-task behavior. However, activities that include a website link encourage off-task behavior. / Ph. D.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat, Giessen, 2003.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-20 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / The present work has as central subject the electronic monitoring of prisoners as a form of citizenship exercise in the Brazilian reality. For that, we made a research concerning the historical and conceptualization of citizenship in Brazil, the initial and basic concepts on the punishment by confinement and the proper treatment of the prisoners in the past and the present, going through the main constitutional principles of the imprisoned person. We made a wide approach on the functioning, normalization and hypothesis of current application on the law, the aspect of social insertion of the individual, and the advantages, disadvantages and legal limits of such electronic device. We developed deep research on the international experience about the electronic monitoring of prisoners, and the impact on the Brazilian reality as a new modality of exercising of citizenship. / O presente trabalho tem como tema central o monitoramento eletrônico de presos e cidadania e sua verificação na realidade brasileira. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa acerca da contextualização histórica e conceituação de cidadania no Brasil, dos conceitos iniciais e fundamentais sobre a pena de prisão e o devido tratamento dos presos no passado e presente, passando-se pelos princípios constitucionais principais relativos à pessoa presa. Fez-se uma ampla abordagem sobre o funcionamento, a normalização e hipóteses de aplicabilidade vigentes em nosso Ordenamento jurídico; o aspecto da reinserção social e as vantagens, desvantagens e limites legais no tocante ao monitoramento eletrônico. Desenvolveu-se a pesquisa sobre as experiências internacionais consoante ao monitoramento eletrônico de presos, aprofundando-se a tese no impacto observado na realidade brasileira, como uma nova modalidade de exercício de cidadania.

This thesis deals with the house arrest sanction which is one of alternatives of the unsuspended sentence of imprisonment. The author tries to summarize accessible information on the history of house arrest and electronic monitoring. The main aim of the thesis is to briefly present substantive and procedural legal regulation of the house arrest sentence in the Czech Republic. This thesis also covers other issues such as the role of the Probation and Mediation Service in the process of imposing the sanction of house arrest and in the enforcement of this sanction, advantages and disadvantages of house arrest and the outline of legal regulation of house arrest in some other states.

House arrest punishment, its execution and control This diploma thesis deals with the complex issues related to house arrest punishment, its execution and control as one of the most controversial questions in the field of criminal law. This diploma thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter focuses on clarification of general term and purpose of punishment. It discuses absolute theory, relative theory as well as theory that combines several approaches to the actual purpose of the punishment. This chapter also describes the main criminal law doctrines which are connected to punishment. The second chapter aims on restorative justice as a system of justice which is different from retributive justice when it represents approach which tries to identify alternative solutions in criminal cases. The third chapter aims on issue of alternative punishment concerning reasons for existence of alterative punishments, kinds of alterative punishments as well as secondary sanctioning. The fourth chapter concerns the actual house arrest punishment. It discusses general questions which are connected to house arrest punishment. It describes its history, legal frame of this institute as well as conversion of house arrest punishment to custodial sentence and on the other hand conversion of other punishments...

Resumé House arrest punishment, its execution and control House arrest punishment became a part of the Czech criminal law in 2010. Even though it is possible to impose this punishment for several years, it is not so commonly used. Judges and public prosecutors are still not convinced about its efficiency due to insufficient control. In my thesis I am dealing with particular provisions concerning house arrest, conditions for which the punishment might be imposed and with possible mechanism of its control. The first chapter is about the punishment theory. It is worth mentioning because the definition of this concept is important for deep understanding of the issue. I define the main characters of the restorative justice in followed chapter. This concept has influenced the alternatives punishments into which house arrest comprises. In the following chapters I am dealing with particular provisions of the house arrest, focusing on the conditions of imposition. This criminal sanction can be imposed for misdemeanour in duration not exceeding two years. Consent of the convicted person is one of the essential conditions. It reflects the will to carry out the punishment duly under the terms imposed by a court. Execution of the house arrest consisting of the obligation to stay in a certain dwelling for a period...

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the house arrest punishment as one of the alternatives to the imprisonment and to map the contribution of this punishment for the Czech criminal law. This thesis offers a short view in to history of this punishment. The main part of this thesis is an analysis of substantive and procedural legal regulation and analysis of the conditions for imposition of the house arrest punishment and its execution. Space is given also to Probation and Mediation Service of Czech Republic, because it plays an important role during the imposition of the punishment and its execution. Author of the thesis focuses also on comparing advantages and disadvantages of the punishment and he tries to compare both systems of control. One chapter is given to overview several foreign legal regulations.

The diploma thesis analyses a new alternative sentence - house arrest, which was implemented to the Czech legislation by the new Criminal Code effective from January 1, 2010. Chapter One introduces the reader to the concept of punishment and the idea of restorative justice as the basis of alternative sentences. Chapter Two focuses on the history of house arrest including the beginnings of electronic monitoring. Chapters Three to Five are the most significant parts of the thesis because they provide the analysis of substantive and procedural regulation of house arrest punishment and its execution. The author highlights potential problems and tries to make recommendations de lege ferenda. Chapter Six describes the control process of house arrest enforcement provided by Probation and Mediation Service and the electronic monitoring systems available in the world. In the last chapter the author shows the experience of some European countries with the house arrest punishment and especially with the implementation of electronic monitoring which could be inspiration for the Czech Republic.

House Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and CHouse Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and CHouse Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and CHouse Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and Controlontrolontrolontrol House arrest is one of the new types of sentences brought by the new penal code, which came into force in 2010. This thesis should give a brief view on the matter of imposing, executing and control of the house arrest sentence in the Czech Republic. House arrest is a type of sentence when offender serves his sentence at home instead of prison. He or she must stay at home at night from 22.00 till 5.00 or in time determined by court and all the weekends and public holidays. It means that the sentenced person is able to perform his job or studies and take care of his/her family. Other reason for enacting the house arrest sentence is that the convicted person is not affected by the prison environment, which makes his return to normal life difficult or even impossible. Very important is also the financial matter of the sentence, because compared to imprisonment, the house arrest should save more than 2/3 of expenses. A court may impose house arrest when the criminal offence is punishable by the prison sentence in maximum duration of 5 years. The offender's explicit consent with the imposing of this sentence and other...

House Arrest Punishment, Its Enforcement and Control According to the new Criminal Code the house arrest sentence has been introduced into the Czech legal order. The repeated incorporation of this institute into our legal order represents a reaction to the situation in our society - the so called crises of the custodial prison sentence. The causes of introducing of this punishment are e.g. the intention to ease the conditions in overcrowded prisons, to save substantial amounts of money, and last but not least, to maintain positive family and work relationships of the convict. House arrest belongs among alternative sentences, i.e. punishments not connected with confining somebody into prison, which nevertheless enable to reach the purpose of the punishment equally as imposing custodial prison sentence. House arrest represents the most severe alternative sentence, which is obvious from its inserting into the provision of § 52 Criminal Code right after imprisonment. House arrest occurs in two basic types, which are the programs called ,,Back-end" a ,,Front-end". Further we distinguish between house arrest forms connected with electronic monitoring and forms without it. From July 1, 2012 to November 30, 2012 "Experimental Electronic Monitoring of the Convicted Persons" took place, the results of which clearly...