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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

Theoretical Studies on Transition Metal Complexes of Silicon Species: Their Novel Bonding Natures, Electronic Structures, and Fluxional Behavior / ケイ素化学種を含む遷移金属錯体の結合性、電子状態、動的挙動に関する理論的研究 / ケイソ カガクシュ オ フクム センイ キンゾク サクタイ ノ ケツゴウセイ デンシ ジョウタイ ドウテキ キョドウ ニ カンスル リロンテキ ケンキュウ

Ray, Mausumi 23 July 2009 (has links)
Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14868号 / 工博第3136号 / 新制||工||1470(附属図書館) / 27290 / UT51-2009-K664 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 榊 茂好, 教授 今堀 博, 教授 杉野目 道紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当
282

Développement et application de stratégies d’étude théorique de propriétés remarquables relatives aux états excités moléculaires / Development and application of theoretical strategies for the study of remarkable properties related to molecular excited states

Etienne, Thibaud 08 July 2015 (has links)
L’exploitation de méthodes théoriques dans le cadre de la modélisation de propriétés moléculaires remarquables s’est substantiellement développée lors des dernières décennies, notamment grâce au progrès des technologies informatiques qui rendent désormais accessibles certaines informations cruciales à nos recherches grâce au calcul intensif. Il est maintenant possible d’évaluer des propriétés et de résoudre des problèmes théoriques de haut niveau grâce aux ressources calculatoires actuelles. Dans ce cadre, la caractérisation par la mécanique quantique des états excités moléculaires constitue toujours un défi d’une très grande richesse suscitant un intérêt accru de la communauté de physique moléculaire théorique et expérimentale. Cette qualité s’accompagne d’une grande complexité d’étude, conséquence du nombre de phénomènes physiques caractérisant l’accès d’un système à ses états excités. Notre contribution s’inscrit dans ce contexte, puisque les études dont ce document fait état sont relatives à la rationalisation du comportement de chromophores face à la capture d’un photon. Cette interaction entre la lumière et la matière est rapportée à l’échelle moléculaire et décrite dans nos travaux par des méthodes quantiques en vue de comprendre les mécanismes inhérents aux propriétés caractéristiques de composés-cibles. Ces interprétations sont appuyées par des développements théoriques visant l’établissement ou la consolidation des outils conceptuels et mathématiques constitutifs de nos stratégies théoriques d’investigation des états excités. Les développements qui font l’objet de ce document portent principalement sur l’interaction des chromophores avec leur vicinité moléculaire traitée implicitement ou explicitement dans le cadre d’une résolution géométrique du spectre d’absorption électronique, ainsi que sur une approche quantitative de la réorganisation de la structure électronique d’un composé induite par l’absorption d’un photon. Les applications sont quant à elles relatives à des chromophores présentant des propriétés remarquables : sonde solvatochromique, sonde à explosifs, chromophore interagissant avec l’ADN, composés intervenant dans la constitution de cellules solaires de troisième génération, clusters multichromophores. / Exploiting theoretical methods for modeling remarkable molecular properties has extensively gained interest from the scientific community during the last few decades. The development of these methods has been made possible by the important technological progresses realized in the field of computational science. These advances made accessible some informations that are crucial to our current researches but hitherto impossible to compute. It is thus now possible to solve high-level theoretical issues and to access novel critical properties. Within this framework, quantum-mechanical characterization of molecular excited states still constitutes a challenging achievement with a considerable interest to the theoretical and experimental molecular physics community. However, these studies can be of extreme complexity, due to the interplay between numerous physical phenomena that characterize the access of a system to its own excited states. The scope of our contribution is closely related to these fundamental issues in the sense that we aim at rationalizing the behavior of chromophores facing a photon capture. This light-matter interaction is studied at the molecular level and is addressed in our work with quantum-mechanical methods in order to unravel the mechanisms inherent to the characteristic properties of target compounds. Those interpretations are supported by theoretical developments intending the establishment or consolidation of conceptual and mathematical tools constituting our theoretical strategy for excited states investigations. The aforementioned developments are mostly related to the interaction of chromophores with their molecular vicinity treated implicitely or explicitely, the latter playing an important role in our attempt to gain a geometrical resolution of electronic spectra with conformational space sampling methods. Our interest was also focused on the photoinduced electronic structure reorganization through the design of quantum-mechanical descriptors of excited states topology. On the other hand, applications were related to chromophores exhibiting remarkable molecular properties : solvatochromic probe, explosive probe, chromophore interacting with DNA, dyes designed for third-generation solar cells, multichromophoric clusters.
283

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Optical Properties of Defects in GaN:

Diallo, Ibrahima Castillo 01 January 2017 (has links)
Using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzherof (HSE06) hybrid functional method along with photoluminescence experimental measurements, we analyze the properties of intrinsic defects such as vacancies, interstitials, antisites, and common complexes. By using configurational coordinate diagrams, we estimate the likelihood of defects to be radiative or non-radiative. Our calculations show that gallium vacancies exhibit a large magnetic moment in the neutral charge state and are most likely non-radiative. We also investigate the correlation between the observed infrared PL bands created in 2.5 MeV electron-irradiated GaN samples and the formation of native defects. It is found that gallium-nitrogen divacancies are possible sources of the broad PL band peaking at 0.95 eV while interstitial gallium is likely to be responsible for the narrow infrared PL band centered around 0.85 eV, with a phonon fine structure at 0.88 eV. In addition to native defects, we also investigate the blue luminescence band (BL2) peaking at 3.0 eV that is observed in high-resistivity GaN samples. Under extended ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, the BL2 band transforms into the yellow luminescence (YL) band with a maximum at 2.2 eV. Our calculations suggest that the BL2 band is related to a hydrogen-carbon defect complex, either CNON-Hi or CN-Hi. The complex creates defect transition level close to the valence band, which is responsible for the BL2 band. Under UV illumination, the complex dissociates, leaving as byproduct the source of the YL band (CNON or CN) and interstitial hydrogen. In conclusion, theoretical predictions of thermodynamic and optical transitions of defects in GaN via the HSE06 method, are found to be within less than 0.2 eV when compared to experiment. Hence the HSE formalism is a powerful tool for the identification and characterization of defects responsible for observed PL bands in GaN.
284

Untersuchungen zum Lumineszenzverhalten des Aluminiumnitrids und der Aufbau einer Kurzzeit-Lumineszenz-Spektroskopie-Apparatur / Investigations of the luminescence behaviour of aluminium nitride and the construction of a short time luminescence apparatus

Koppe, Tristan 05 July 2017 (has links)
No description available.
285

The use of spin-pure and non-orthogonal Hilbert spaces in Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte-Carlo

Smart, Simon Daniel January 2014 (has links)
Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte–Carlo (FCIQMC) al- lows for exact results to be obtained for the ground state of a system within a finite-basis approximation of the Schrödinger equation. Work- ing within imposed symmetry constraints permits dramatic reductions in the size and internal connectivity of the Hilbert space considered, with associated reductions in the computational cost involved, as well as permitting exclusion of the natural ground state to extract a se- ries of excited states of the system. As all converged solutions are ˆ eigenfunctions of the square of the total spin operator, S 2 , as well as the Hamiltonian and the projected spin, imposing spin-purity as an additional ‘symmetry’ is a natural extension. In this thesis, the use of various spin-pure spaces is compared to the previously used determinental spaces. Variations on the FCIQMC al- gorithm which work in non-orthogonal (and non-normalised) basis sets, and with the arbitrary discretisation of imaginary time removed, are considered along with the implications of the differences to the normal FCIQMC algorithm.
286

Etude des interactions gaz - surface par DFT / DFT investigation of atoms - surface interactions

Fernandez, Nicolas 17 April 2015 (has links)
Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse relèvent principalement de la réactivité des surfaces et des interactions gaz-surface. Les champs d'application de ce travail sont variés et s'inscrivent principalement dans le domaine de la fusion nucléaire et du projet ITER.Dans ce cadre, la modélisation à l'échelle atomique est un outil important pour comprendre et interpréter les résultats expérimentaux. Notre domaine de compétences est celui du calcul de structures électroniques et des propriétés chimiques. Ces calculs sont principalement conduits dans le cadre de la Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité (DFT) et de la thermodynamique statistique.Bien que composé de six chapitres, ce manuscrit comporte trois parties principales. La première est dédiée à la présentation des méthodes de calculs utilisées tout au long de cette thèse. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude de la formation du carbure de béryllium à partir d'un dépôt de béryllium sur une surface de graphite. Le degré de fiabilité des résultats DFT a été évalué et les principales étapes de la formation de carbure de béryllium ont été déterminées. La troisième partie développée sur deux chapitres est consacrée à l'étude de l'interaction entre l'hydrogène et le tungstène métallique. La dissolution, la diffusion ainsi que le piégeage de l'hydrogène dans le tungstène ont été étudiés. Un excellent accord a été obtenu entre les valeurs calculées et les résultats expérimentaux de référence. / The work herein presented deals with the reactivity of surfaces and the gas–surface interaction. This work is connected to different fields of applied science and more specifically to the field of nuclear materials for fusion devices like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).Numerical simulations at the atomic scale can provide an in depth understanding of the mechanisms at the origin of experimental observations. More specifically, our skills are about electronic structure calculations and chemical properties modelling; most of the work we produced has been conducted within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and statistical thermodynamics. While made of six chapters, the manuscript can be cast in three main parts. The first one is dedicated to the methods used throughout this thesis. The second is devoted to the formation of beryllium carbide from deposited beryllium atoms on graphite surfaces; the reliability of the DFT results was benchmarked and the main steps of the beryllium carbide formation were determined. The third part explores the interaction between hydrogen and metallic tungsten. The formation of vacancies in the material, its impact on the solubility and diffusion of hydrogen in tungsten were investigated, and the results were compared with experiment; an excellent agreement was found.
287

Cálculos ab initio para investigação de propriedades eletrônicas e espectroscópicas de complexos de epiisopiloturina com Cu e Zn / Ab Initio Calculations for Investigation of Spectroscopic and Electronic Properties of Complexes of Epiisopiloturine with Cu and Zn

Virgino, Adamor Luz Eleiel 29 September 2017 (has links)
O entendimento das propriedades de complexos metálicos é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de fármacos. No entanto, tanto do ponto de vista experimental quanto no de modelagem teórica, ainda temos muitas dificuldades de simular e mensurar as mudanças que a complexação com um metal causa em um composto. Este trabalho apresenta estudos de simulacões ab initio de complexos de Epiisopiloturina com Cu e Zn. Foram realizadas otimizações de estrutura, simulaçoes de espectroscopia vibracional, NMR e EPR além de estudos de reatividade. Obtivemos uma geometria otimizada condizente com a da forma cristalizada. Além disso, os resultados espectroscópicos mostram que as estruturas dos com plexos permanecem intactas em solução. Por fim, os estudos de reatividade conrmam que o complexo de Cobre aumenta a reatividade da molécula. / Understanding the properties of metal complexes is fundamental goal in the development of drugs. However, both from the experimental point of view and theoretical modeling, many diculties in the simulation and evaluatio of the changes that the metal causes upon complexation still remains. This work presents ab initio computational simulations of Epiisopiloturin com plexes with Cu and Zn. We make structural optimizations, simulations of vibrational spectroscopy, NMR and EPR, as well as reactivity studies. We obtain an optimized geometry that corresponds to that of the crystallized form. In addition, the spectroscopic results conrm that the complexes remain intact in solution. Finally, the reactivity studies conrm that the copper complex increases the reactivity of the molecule.
288

Vers de nouvelles machines moléculaires organométalliques à ligands carbonés : une approche théorique / Theoretical approach for new molecular organometallic wire-based devices

Groizard, Thomas 02 October 2018 (has links)
Les fils moléculaires, systèmes organiques conjugués incorporant plusieurs greffons organométalliques, constituent une famille de composés de grand intérêt pour l'électronique moléculaire. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s'inscrivent dans la suite logique de précédentes études de ces complexes de métaux de transition et constituent une analyse théorique, s'appuyant sur la fonctionnelle de la densité, de l'arrangement structural et des propriétés physiques de nouveaux assemblages moléculaires aux propriétés électroniques ou optiques originales. Ce manuscrit se divise en deux parties distinctes. La première traite de l'emploi des fils moléculaires organométalliques dans le domaine des automates cellulaires quantiques, un nouveau paradigme pour l'électronique fondé sur la localisation des charges de cellules moléculaires comme digit binaire et sur les répulsions coulombiennes comme moyen de transfert de l'information. Le concept, le moyen d'application à l'échelle moléculaire et l'étude de différents composés virtuels y sont développés. La seconde partie porte sur l'introduction de greffons organométalliques au sein de composés ayant des propriétés optiques linéaires et non linéaires et leur influence sur ces dernières. Deux familles de composés ont été étudiés : des systèmes émissifs à base de cycle phosphole et des dendrimères organométalliques à cœur porphyrine. / Molecular wires, conjugated organic systems bearing several organometallic fragments, form a family of compounds of great interest for molecular electronics. The research works in this manuscript follow on from previous studies of transition metal complexes and constitute a density functional theory-based analysis of both structural arrangement and physical properties of new molecular devices, with unusual electronic or optical properties. This manuscript is divided in two parts. The first one concerns the application of molecular organometallic wires in the quantum cellular automata field, a new paradigm for electronics based on the charge configuration of a molecular cell as a binary digit and using Coulombic repulsion as an information transfer mode. Both the concept, its application to molecular scale et the study of several virtual compounds are discussed. The second part focuses on the incorporation of organometallic fragments in optical active compounds with linear or nonlinear properties, and the influence of metals on those properties. Two compound families have been studied: phosphole-based conjugated emitters and organometallic porphyrine-based dendrimers.
289

Development of Fused Porphyrins with Unpaired Electrons and/or Chirality / 不対電子や掌性を有する縮環ポルフィリンの創出

Kato, Kenichi 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22272号 / 理博第4586号 / 新制||理||1658(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 大須賀 篤弘, 教授 依光 英樹, 教授 時任 宣博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
290

Energy Surface Explorations of Clusters, Transition-Metal Complexes, and Self-Assembled Systems / クラスター, 遷移金属錯体, 自己集合系のエネルギー曲面の探索

Yoshida, Yuichiro 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23220号 / 工博第4864号 / 新制||工||1759(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 啓文, 教授 佐藤 徹, 教授 田中 勝久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

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