ABSTRACT THE POPULISM OF THE VILLAGE INSTITUTES: A CONTRADICTORY EXPRESSION OF KEMALIST POPULISM Aytemur, Nuran Ph.D., Department of Political Science and Public Administration Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Okyayuz March 2007, 217 pages This thesis analyzes the populism of the Village Institutes by comparing it with Kemalist populism. In this context it is worth to say that throughout the thesis populism is defined as government by the people and discussed in relation to democracy. In order to do so &ndash / as a first step - the democratic structure and function(ing) of the Village Institutes are discussed with reference to their fundamental principles, organizational structure, and educational program. Secondly, the contradictory conceptualization of the &ldquo / people&rdquo / and the separation between the &ldquo / intellectual&rdquo / and the &ldquo / people&rdquo / is tried to be analyzed with reference to the writings of ismail Hakki Tongu&ccedil / (who is called as the architect of the Village Institutes), the memoirs of the graduates of the Village Institutes, and indepth interviews made with their graduates. The question hereby is to what extent this understanding of populism involve in itself what can be called the &ldquo / paradoxical elitism&rdquo / of the populist ideology, which arises out of the tensive relation between &ldquo / social-egalitarian&rdquo / and &ldquo / administrative-institutional&rdquo / aspects of populism. It is claimed that despite the similarities with Kemalist populism, the Village Institutes shifted the emphasis from the &ldquo / administrative-institutional&rdquo / to the &ldquo / social-egalitarian&rdquo / aspect of populism and surpassed the boundaries of Kemalist populism by implementing democratic principles like &ldquo / equality&rdquo / and &ldquo / self-government&rdquo / , and encouraging participation and by attempting to create a new kind of intellectual through &ldquo / education within work&rdquo / . Keywords: The Village Institutes, Populism, Elitism, Kemalist Populism, Democracy

Darbe nagrinėjama internetizacijos įtaka kultūrinei spaudai: kaip ji buvo priimta, kaip, vykstant internetizacijos procesui, kito kultūrinė spaudos turinys, misija, vizija, auditorija. Norint tai išsiaiškinti darbe analizuojama internetinės spaudos, populiariosios ir elitinės kultūros institucijos. Nors kultūrinė spauda yra savita ir priklauso elitinio meno krypčiai, norėdama išlikti, ji vis dėlto turi vadovautis rinkos dėsniais, ypač, jei esminės paramos nesuteikia valstybė. Dėl šių skirtingų sąlygų susikirtimo, iškyla ambivalencijos, įsikitinimo, transgresijos vyksmo tikimybė. Darbo objektas yra leidinių „Šiaurės Atėnai“, „Literatūra ir menas“, „7 meno dienos“ ir „Nemunas“ ir jų internetinių versijų auditorija, vizija, misija ir turinys. Lediniai pasirinkti dėl turinio, minties ir leidybinių charakteristikų (tiražas, periodiškumas) panašumo. Darbu siekta įvertinti dėl internetizacijos įvykusį „Šiaurės Atėnų“, „Literatūros ir meno“, „7 meno dienų“ ir „Nemuno“ vizijos, misijos, auditorijos ir turinio kismą. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo, išsiaiškinta kultūrinės spaudos reikšmė ir specifika, atskleista kultūrinės spaudos raida Lietuvoje, išnagrinėtas interneto poveikis Lietuvos spaudai. Taip pat atlikti du tyrimai: pusiau struktūruotas interviu su „Šiaurės Atėnų“, „Literatūros ir meno“, „7 meno dienų“ ir „Nemuno“ leidinių buvusiais ir esamais redaktoriais bei išanalizuoti šių leidinių internetiniai puslapiai. Atliktos teorinė ir empirinė analizės atskleidė internetizacijos įtaką... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / It is analysed in this paper the impact of the internetization to the cultural press: how did the cultural press adopt internetization, how the content, mission, vision and audience have changed. In order to achieve it, institutions of the internet press, popular ant elitist culture were analyzed. Although, the cultural press is unique and belongs to elitist art, it also has to behave according to the market laws, especially if no grants from the state are being given. Due to these different operating conditions, there is a great chance of ambivalence, “entering into another“, transgression possibility. The object of this paper is the change of “Siaurės Atenai”, “Literatura ir menas“, “7 meno dienos“ ir “Nemunas“ weeklies‘ content, vision, mission and audience. These particular weeklies were chosen because of their content, thought and publishing characteristics similarities. It was tried to investigate the impact of mutation to content, vision, mission and audience of “Siaures Atenai“, “Literatura ir menas“, “7 meno dienos“ and “Nemunas“ on the terms of internetization. In order to achieve this goal, objectives were fulfilled: the significance and particularity of cultural press were explored, the development of Lithuanian cultural press was revealed, internetization impact to Lithuanian press was examined, as well. Forthermore, two researches were investigated: semi-structured interview with the previous and recent editors of the relevant weeklies and the analysis of the... [to full text]

SILVA, F. I. L. Análise de comparação entre elitismos na calibração de fatores de atrito em redes hidráulicas por meio do método transiente inverso com aplicação de algoritmo genético. 2017. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil)-Centro de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil: Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Edineuza Silva (edineuza@deha.ufc.br) on 2017-09-12T17:23:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_filsilva.pdf: 2946864 bytes, checksum: 44409fd6978ae5f8244a2a0fc63e777c (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Icaro, Existe uma orientação para que normalizemos as dissertações e teses da UFC, em suas paginas pré-textuais e lista de referencias, pelas regras da ABNT. Por esse motivo, sugerimos consultar o modelo de template, para ajudá-lo nesta tarefa, disponível em: http://www.biblioteca.ufc.br/educacao-de-usuarios/templates/ Vamos agora as correções sempre de acordo com o template: 1. Na folha de aprovação falta colocar a informação título de mestre em:XXXXXX e a área de concentração. 2. Já que vc fez listas separadas coloque o termo LISTA DE FIGURAS substituindo lista de ilustrações. Substitua os dois pontos por hífen para separar a numeração das figuras do título. Ex Figura 3.1 - Algoritmo genético típico Nas listas de figuras e tabelas observe o alinhamento da margem que deve ser igual ao que vc fez na lista de abreviaturas e siglas. De modo que quando aumentar o número de dígitos das figuras elas fiquem no mesmo alinhamento de quando tinham menos dígitos. Ex Figura 6.9 e 6.10 e as Tabela 6.9 e 6.10. Nas LISTA DE FIGURAS e LISTA DE TABELAS, Quando o título da figura ou da tabela não couber na mesma linha, sua continuação deve ficar na mesma margem da primeira letra da linha de cima e não voltar para a margem do F de Figura ou do T de Tabela. 3. No sumário não dê recuo na margem. Observe o alinhamento a esquerda, uso de negrito, maiúsculo e itálico nas seções de acordo com template. 4. Na lista de REFERÊNCIAS a palavra deve ser centralizada na folha. Ao abreviar as edições dos livros use a forma 2. ed. corrija em toda a lista onde aparecer a informação de edição. Nas referencias de livros a ordem dos elementos deve ser local de publicação: nome de editora, data de publicação. Qualquer dúvida estou a disposição. Att. Marlene Rocha 3366-9620 mmarlene@ufc.br on 2017-09-13T12:17:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by Edineuza Silva (edineuza@deha.ufc.br) on 2017-09-15T11:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_filsilva.pdf: 2946864 bytes, checksum: 44409fd6978ae5f8244a2a0fc63e777c (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Neusa: devolvo como vc pediu. on 2017-09-15T12:11:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by Edineuza Silva (edineuza@deha.ufc.br) on 2017-09-15T12:34:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_filsilva.pdf.pdf: 2870997 bytes, checksum: c52dedabde2a98548c62103c0c2feb27 (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Ícaro: Falta ainda corrigir de acordo com template http://www.biblioteca.ufc.br/educacao-de-usuarios/templates/ 1. Resumo e Abstract não devem ter parágrafo. Devem ser alinhados a esquerda. Retire parágrafo da primeira linha. 2. Na lista de Figuras, a 6.2 está fora do alinhamento da margem. 3. O sumário deve ser todo em negrito com exceção das seções quaternárias (4 dígitos) que ficam só em itálico. O sumário continua sem alinhamento da margem. Deixe bastante espaço entre o algarismo 1 e a palavra Introdução, de modo que esse espaço seja suficiente para quando aumentarem o numero de dígitos das seções estas fiquem com o mesmo alinhamento. Sendo assim, a letra A de Aspectos gerais, fica em baixo do I de INTRODUÇÃO, assim como o M de Método de tentativa e erro deve ficar em baixo da letra I de INTRODUÇÃO. Ou seja, no mesmo alinhamento da margem. O C de CONCLUSÕES deve ficar no mesmo alinhamento da margem do I de INTRODUÇÃO. E o R de REFERENCIAS também na mesma margem e em baixo do C de CONCLUSÕES. Qualquer dúvida estou a disposição Marlene on 2017-09-15T14:27:39Z (GMT) / Submitted by Edineuza Silva (edineuza@deha.ufc.br) on 2017-10-18T13:54:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_filsilva.pdf: 2873584 bytes, checksum: b9b26e4e21ad8e9a363117297c9d7e58 (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Francisco, Seu trabalho ficou desconfigurado a partir da folha de dedicatória. Uma folha está subindo para a outra. Corrija por favor. No mais tudo certo. Marlene mmarlene@ufc.br on 2017-10-20T17:21:37Z (GMT) / Submitted by Edineuza Silva (edineuza@deha.ufc.br) on 2017-10-24T11:41:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_filsilva.pdf: 2871661 bytes, checksum: 586de76c264e3316eaf2ba5ef73cfa24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-11-07T19:05:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_filsilva.pdf: 2871661 bytes, checksum: 586de76c264e3316eaf2ba5ef73cfa24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T19:05:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_filsilva.pdf: 2871661 bytes, checksum: 586de76c264e3316eaf2ba5ef73cfa24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-13 / For some time, due to its complexity, the calibration of parameters in transient hydraulic networks was neglected. However, studies related to this phenomenon, especially with respect to the friction factor have been growing in recent times. Simulations of the equilibrium conditions of a hydraulic distribution network become one of the most important steps in the technical analysis of water supply systems. In order to identify and estimate the parameters of a hydraulic network, from observed data of transient loads, a computational model was developed. In general, the physical parameters of the network such as friction factors, absolute roughness, diameters and the identification, measurement and quantification of leaks are unknown quantities. This work aims at the identification and calibration of the friction factors by means of a combination of the Inverse Transient Method - MTI - with the Genetic Algorithm - AG. Next to this combination was used the Method of Characteristics - MOC - to solve the equations of the flow in permanent and transient regime in networks of pipes. The hypothetical hydraulic net under analysis consists of eight variable demand nodes, ten tubes and a quota reservoir equivalent to 60m, being submitted to a 30s transient. The analyzes were performed through programs that apply the technique of optimization of the genetic algorithm to find the optimal values ​​of the hydraulic load in the observed node. A comparative study will be carried out between two types of elitism in order to evaluate the effects produced in the identification and calibration of the friction factors in transient conditions. The steady state conditions are known. Five elitism rates were applied to each initial population in order to analyze the influence on the calibration result. Elitism 2 presented smaller errors than elitism 1, both for the average processing and for better processing, even with higher objective functions. The rate of best efficiency for the application of elitism 1 and 2 was 70%. The hydraulic transient is directly related to the definition of the parameters of the genetic algorithm. / Durante algum tempo, devido a sua complexidade, a calibração de parâmetros em redes hidráulicas em regime transiente foi negligenciada. Entretanto, os estudos relacionados a esse fenômeno, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao fator de atrito vêm crescendo nos últimos tempos. As simulações das condições de equilíbrio de uma rede de distribuição hidráulica tornam-se uma das etapas mais importantes na análise técnica de sistemas de abastecimento de água. Com o fito de identificar e estimar os parâmetros de uma rede hidráulica, a partir de dados observados de cargas transientes, desenvolveu-se um modelo computacional. De uma maneira geral, os parâmetros físicos da rede como fatores de atrito, rugosidades absolutas, diâmetros e a identificação, mensuração e quantificação de vazamentos são grandezas desconhecidas. Este trabalho tem como escopo a identificação e calibração dos fatores de atrito por meio de uma combinação do Método Transiente Inverso – MTI – com o Algoritmo Genético – AG. Junto a essa combinação utilizou-se o Método das Características – MOC – para resolução das equações do escoamento em regime permanente e transiente em redes de tubulações. A rede hidráulica hipotética em análise é formada por oito nós de demanda variável, dez tubos e um reservatório de cota equivalente a 60m, sendo submetida a um transiente de 30s. As análises foram realizadas através de programas que aplicam a técnica de otimização do algoritmo genético para encontrar os valores ótimos da carga hidráulica no nó observado. Será trabalhado o estudo comparativo entre dois tipos de elitismo com a finalidade de avaliar os efeitos produzidos na identificação e calibração dos fatores de atrito em condições transientes. As condições de regime permanente são conhecidas. Aplicaram-se cinco taxas de elitismo à cada população inicial, de modo a analisar a influência no resultado da calibração. O elitismo 2 apresentou erros menores do que o elitismo 1, tanto para a média dos processamentos como para o melhore processamento, mesmo apresentando funções objetivo maiores. A taxa de melhor eficiência para a aplicação do elitismo 1 e 2 foi a de 70%. O transiente hidráulico tem relação direta com a definição dos parâmetros do algoritimo genético.

Orientador: José Roberto Montes Heloani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T22:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_PriscilaPereira_M.pdf: 2730760 bytes, checksum: f1dae9c2cd95f7965b6d72c23a80b8de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A pesquisa que deu origem ao presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o perfil do novo aluno do Ensino Superior diante de um contexto neoliberal. A investigação foi desenvolvida a partir de uma análise bibliográfica, disponibilizada nos capítulos iniciais, fundamentando o trabalho de campo, que é apresentado no capítulo IV. A metodologia utilizada foi a abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa, possibilitando que a análise fosse realizada a partir de informações objetivas e de dados qualitativos. Quanto às informações objetivas, foram utilizados os elementos disponíveis no banco de dados da mantenedora das instituições pesquisadas e o resultado do questionário aplicado, e, sobre os dados qualitativos, foram obtidos através da análise documental e de entrevistas, realizadas a partir da Técnica de Grupos Focais. Nos capítulos I e II do trabalho, é apresentada uma revisão da literatura sobre o Ensino Superior, momento em que foi contextualizado o seu desenvolvimento no país, e o papel assumido pelo Estado nesse processo. Nesse histórico, aborda-se a expansão ocorrida no Ensino Superior desde o período colonial até a primeira década dos anos 2000, e enfatiza-se o crescimento que se deu a partir dos anos 90 (período marcado pelo cenário neoliberal) e a ocorrência de sua elitização no país, ficando demonstrado o caráter excludente de nossa sociedade. No capítulo III, discute-se o processo de elitização e exclusão no acesso ao Ensino Superior, com destaque para as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos jovens oriundos de famílias que possuem um baixo poder aquisitivo. Nesse contexto neoliberal, buscou-se delinear o perfil desse novo aluno, que é diferente das características dos estudantes que historicamente frequentam o Ensino Superior. Para o trabalho de campo, cujos resultados estão reunidos no capítulo IV, foram escolhidas 03 (três) unidades educacionais de uma das maiores mantenedoras de Instituições de Ensino Superior do país. Quanto aos estudantes, foram selecionados os alunos matriculados no Curso de Tecnologia em Gestão de Recursos Humanos que ingressaram nas instituições através de Financiamento Estudantil (Fies), e/ou do Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni). Neste capítulo, além de um breve histórico das instituições, apresenta-se e discute-se o resultado que se obteve através do banco de dados da mantenedora, de documentos institucionais, da aplicação dos questionários e realização das entrevistas, possibilitando apresentar as características que compõem o perfil do novo aluno do Ensino Superior, situado em um contexto neoliberal, bem como indicar as instituições e os cursos que frequenta. Nas Considerações Finais, retoma-se a contextualização do cenário que dificultou o acesso dos jovens de baixo poder aquisitivo ao Ensino Superior, e comprova-se que a ampliação desse acesso provocou novas desigualdades entre as diferentes classes sociais, através da adoção de mecanismos que mantém as características de uma sociedade capitalista / Abstract: The research that led to this study aimed to identify the profile of the new student of Higher Education before a neoliberal context. The research was developed from a literature review , released in the early chapters , supporting the field work , which is presented in Chapter IV . The methodology was qualitative - quantitative approach , enabling the analysis was performed based on objective information and qualitative data . As for objective information elements available were used in the database of the sponsor of the institutions surveyed and the results of the questionnaire , and the qualitative data were obtained through document analysis and interviews, conducted from the Technical Focus Group . Chapters I and II of the study, a literature review on Higher Education , when it was contextualized their development in the country , and the role of the State in this process is presented . In this history , discusses the expansion occurred in higher education from the colonial period until the first decade of the 2000s , and emphasizes the growth that occurred from the '90s ( a period marked by neoliberal scenario) and the occurrence of its elitism in the country, being shown the exclusionary character of our society . Chapter III discusses the process of elitism and exclusion in access to higher education , highlighting the difficulties faced by young people from families that have a low income. In this neoliberal context, we sought to delineate the profile of this new student , which is different from the characteristics of students who attend historically higher education . For field work , whose results are shown in Chapter IV , 03 were chosen (three) educational units of one of the largest sponsors of Higher Education Institutions in the country . As students , we selected students enrolled in the College of Technology in Human Resource Management in the institutions that entered through Financial Aid ( FIES ) , and / or the University for All Program ( Prouni ) . In this chapter , including a brief history of institutions , presents and discusses the results to be obtained through the database of the sponsor , institutional documents , the questionnaires and interviews, enabling characteristic that comprise the profile of the new student of higher education , located in a neoliberal context , as well as state institutions and the courses they attend . Final Thoughts on resumes to contextualize the scenario that hindered the access of young people from low income to higher education , and proves that the expansion of such access brought new inequalities between different social classes , by adopting mechanisms that maintains the characteristics of a capitalist society / Mestrado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Mestra em Educação

Genetiska algoritmer(GA)är en sökalgoritm som framlades av Holland (1975). GA efterliknar evolution; en mängd lösningar kombineras och muterar under loppet av flera generationer för att skapa en så bra lösning som möjligt. En vidareutveckling av GA är distribuerade genetiska algoritmer (DGA); en samling GA exekverar isolerat från varandra och med jämna mellanrum delar lösningarmed varandra. Detta arbete har undersökt hur DGA påverkas av k-elitism; att de k bästa lösningarna kopieras till nästa generation utan att förändras. En DGA har implementerats som löser handelsresandeproblem från problembiblioteket TSPLIB. Experimenten visade att k-elitism påverkar hur bra lösningar som produceras samt hur många generationer som krävs innan algoritmen slutar göra framsteg. Vissa värden på k gav i regel bättre resultat, och andra värden på k gav i regel sämre resultat. Det föreslås att mer forskning görs på området. Resultaten bör verifieras för andra variabeluppsättningar och migrationsfrekvensens betydelse bör undersökas djupare.

Abstract: The civic life-styles typology of Charles Adrian and Oliver Williams was tested as to its theoretical utility in explaining empirical patterns of civic life-style items, and its comparability to other forms of urban behavior. The data are from a 1970 survey of 3,025 families by the City of Dallas, Texas. An exploratory factor analysis was done on civic life-style items. The factor index scores were used as dependent variables, and demographic and associational items were independent variables in a step-wise regression analysis. Only two of ten factors were found to be civic lifestyles; both were interpretable using the Adrian and Williams typology. Civic life-style behavior was found to be similar to other patterns of differential participation in urban structures.

When the Soviet Union fell it marked the end of an era the ones totalitarian communist state collapsed and, in its place, a new state called Russa emerged with a new leader Boris Yeltsin as the great reformer who had a mission of making Russia a country similar to those int the west. This dream was not to last long soon after his arrival the economy crashed, inflation had skyrocketed, and crime and unemployment struck the country. Boris Yeltsin started privatizing vast numbers of previously state-owned industries which helped create a new elitist class in the oligarchs.    The purpose of this essay is to analyze the post-soviet state of Russia and its social and economic elements to determine when an oligarchic structure emerged and how this oligarchy was able to establish a social contract with the Russian people. This will be done with the help of the essays two theories surrounding elitism and conractualism.    The result this essay reached was that there are two significant decisions taken by the Yeltsin administration which led to the creation of an oligarchic state these are the two privatization waves. These privatizations made a few men very powerful and we can see the extent of their power and influence in the presidential election of 1997. Were they managed to get Yeltsin reelected even though his popularity was at its lowest by using their massive influence such as their media empire. When Putin got elected it represented a new era of Russian politics, he promised to end the chaos of the 1990s and reestablish security in Russia and put the oligarchs in line. He was able to do this much because of the rising oil prices and the use of Russian nationalism to his advantage. He was able to restore a social contract with the Russian people in turn for less freedom he would guarantee them security and stability

This master thesis is dealing with topic of citizen's involvement and civic participation in context of professionalized civil society organizations 's activities. The work is based on theoretical concepts of political and civic participation. Subsequently, civic participation and citizen's involvement is seen in the sense of civic activities carried out within or through civil society organizations and they include various forms in which citizens participate in public life, usually without financial reward. The paper also presents the concepts of professionalization that frame the subsequent reflection on the nature and potential of civic participation and citizen's involvement into activities of professionalized civil society organizations. The main part is a qualitative research whose aim is to describe and understand, from perspective of professionalized organization's representatives, how and why there is public participation within or through activities of the organization and what are the preferred forms and barriers of involvement and civic participation. Analysis of data obtained through in- depth interviews with representatives of professionalized civil society organizations, are discussed in the conclusion in relation to the research questions and theoretical basis Key words Civic...

Neoliberalism’s free market ideology has not only achieved hegemonic status as the dominant organizing principle of markets and economies the world over, its values and doctrines have also come to shape many other areas of contemporary life. The consequences of this takeover include rising inequality, a social policy shift away from welfare and toward personal responsibility, and the triumph of the economic rationale of profitability in the public sector as well as the private sphere. A growing body of research has studied the ramifications of individual facets of the neoliberal order, especially the expanding gap between the rich and poor, but to date, a more comprehensive understanding of how the underlying ideology molds societies is largely absent from the social psychological literature. This doctoral thesis seeks to take a first step toward closing this gap by identifying and investigating three key areas of interest in the context of neoliberalism’s influence on individual and collective life. Based on previous research and theorizing, it puts forward the idea that the neoliberal reorganization of societies along the principles of individualism, competition, materialism, and privatization has a profound impact on intergroup relations, social connection, and individual well-being. The studies presented here provide evidence that neoliberal ideology and policies erode social cohesion (Manuscript 2) and make people feel lonely and isolated (Manuscript 3). Confirming the importance of social factors in determining health outcomes, these developments are then shown to increase feelings of threat, hopelessness, and unhappiness (Manuscript 2) as well as reduce mental and physical well-being (Manuscript 3). Beyond the individual level, intergroup attitudes, especially with regard to socio-economic status groups, are of particular interest to this research. Its findings demonstrate that despite neoliberalism’s propagation of wealth and success as ultimate aspirations, the perceived breakdown of the social fabric and resulting discontent with neoliberal societies lead to negative perceptions of the elite who are seen as corrupt and immoral (Manuscript 2). They also provide support for the assumption that the belief in merit-based inequality, which is central to the neoliberal doctrine, is reflected in representations of individuals with lower socio-economic status who are assigned personal responsibility for their disadvantaged position and, unlike other underprivileged groups, are seen as lacking in moral deservingness by both conservatives and progressives (Manuscript 1). As a whole, the studies that constitute this thesis project bring together several different lines of research and make headway in developing an integrated perspective on the influence of neoliberal ideology on societies and the experiences and attitudes of the individuals within them.

A comparison of social elitist concepts in the works of Karl Marx, Vilfredo Pareto, and Karl Mannheim reveals similar patterns in the uses of these concepts. By listing seven criteria that were developed and by the use of a topical analysis method, similarities are presented and explained. Additional comparisons according to schools of thought and specific national setting are also presented. Structural similarities were identified among the theories; however, content patterns are not evident because of the lack of an accepted definition of the elite. The analysis and the comparison of the concepts of the elite in the works of these major thinkers facilitate and deepen the understanding of this concept in sociological work.