Throughout the course of the 19th century mankind experienced a lot of changes to the way they were used to live life, mostly due to the expansion of the industrial revolution. But the biggest change was perhaps the change in the conditions for women all over the world. Women no longer wanted to live their lives behind closed doors looking out from the window and thinking of all the things that they could have done with their lives. They wanted to be a part of society and they, sometimes literally, fought for change. In Sweden women got the right to vote in 1921. The way there was long and difficult with a lot of obstacles and prejudice to overcome. But not all of the associations had voting rights for women on their agenda. Some of them were strictly philanthropic. After reading Eva Österberg’s book “Rummet vidgas”, where she discusses her theory about 19th century women in Sweden and the “closed room” that used to be their arena of movement and its expansion during the 19th century, I decided to do a research in my hometown and therefor took a closer look at the first association started by women in 1854 in the little town of Eskilstuna, 90 km from Stockholm. The association was started by a few leading women and their goal was to help the less fortunate children of the community with clothes and shoes so they could attend school and later on be useful members of the society. In doing so the women themselves took their rightful place in the public society. The women were very successful, they achieved well more than they had set out for and the association managed to exist for over a hundred years helping thousands of children.

This dissertation argues that, in Rhode Island, the institution of slavery, the process of emancipation and circumscribed black freedom was fundamentally influenced by the businesses of slavery. The businesses of slavery include the West Indian rum and slave trade, the Atlantic slave trade and the negro cloth industry. Specifically, I contend that in Rhode Island these businesses led to the legalization of race-based slavery, buttressed the local economy, and helped to maintain the institution of slavery throughout the Americas. Academic scholarship and public knowledge of northern slavery and emancipation in the United States remains relatively slim. American slavery has become almost synonymous with the American South, disregarding the fact that it was an institution that was socially accepted, legally sanctioned and widely practiced in the North. Furthermore, most emancipation studies focus on the Civil War era, rather than the decades of freedom struggles in the post-revolutionary North. This dissertation argues that the history of slavery and freedom in North American is fundamentally skewed without a full accounting of the northern experience. Historians have long noted the importance of the Atlantic slave trade and trade with the West Indies to the survival and maintenance of the northern North American British colonies. This project studies the origins of race-based slavery, the process of emancipation and circumscribed black freedom within the context of the development of the businesses of slavery.

No description available.

<p>This thesis examines the relationship between space and the recognition of African American subjectivity in four African American slave narratives: Frederick Douglass's "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" (1845) and "My Bondage and My Freedom" (1855); Harriet Jacobs's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" (1861); and Elizabeth Keckley's "Behind the Scenes, or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House" (1868).</p> <p>Influenced by geographer Edward Soja's examination of social space, I argue that the socio-economic relationship between slave owners and slaves produced slave space. The area where slaves lived and worked, it was concrete evidence of the slave's inferior, non-subject status. Slaves, however, asserted their subjectivity by appropriating, shaping, and escaping the spaces to which they were confined. The slaves' shaping of space included the construction of a "homeplace," a domestic space where slaves could recognize each others' subjectivity. In "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", Douglass documented his escape from Southern slave space to Northern free space, where he hoped to be defined as a subject rather than an object. In "My Bondage and My Freedom", however, this recognition is still to be striven for: it was only experienced in Douglass's grandmother's homeplace.</p> <p>As a man, Douglass sought access to, and recognition in, public spaces. Harriet Jacobs, however, defends the African American woman's right to occupy a domestic space maintained by her husband, rather than her master. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl documents the violation of the slaves' homeplace, key evidence of their non-subject status.</p> <p>Finally, I examine Elizabeth Keckley's post-Civil War narrative, arguing that the seamstress saw her access to the White House as evidence that newly emancipated African Americans would be recognized as subjects in the newly reconstituted republic.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The thesis sets out to mobilise the concept of strategic culture as a tool to understand German security policy. The main assumptions behind the concept of strategic culture are that security policies emanate from collectively held beliefs and values relating to the use of force and that these values and beliefs emerge over-time and are shaped through formative periods and critical junctures, especially at times of war. Building upon these key assumptions the thesis moves to identify the antecedents of (West) German strategic and then to construct a framework for analysis to apply to aspects of post-Cold War security policy. Three central research questions guide the conduct of the study: What is German strategic culture? Has it changed through the ending of the Cold War? And How does it impact upon behaviour? The thesis holds that Germany has a distinct strategic culture, which emerged in the wake of the Second W orId War and acquired substance and form through the rearming of West Germany in the 1950's. This strategic culture, it is argued, incorporates three types of elements. At its core are beliefs and values relating to the use of force that form its basal fabric, stemming out of this are a range of dispositions or 'security policy standpoints' that actively relate core values to the third element of strategic culture the observable policy manifestations. The thesis identifies (West) German strategic culture through an examination of aspects of the rearming of West Germany which is then presented in the form of a full anatomy of the strategic culture and its constituent parts. Subsequent to this the thesis tackles the issue of change after the Cold War and the relationship between strategic culture and security policy behaviour. These two questions are dealt with through an examination of the transformation of the Bundeswehr since 1990, together with a case study of the· practice of compulsory military service, a policy that has endured since the end of the Cold War. Through its investigation the thesis argues that German strategic culture has persisted after the ending of the Cold War and has come to playa decisive role in shaping security policy behaviour

This dissertation tells the story of the abolition of chattel slavery in Colombia, currently the country with the third largest population of African descent in the Western Hemisphere (after the United States and Brazil). In Colombia, as in the vast majority of Latin American nations and the northern United States, the abolition of slavery occurred through a gradual emancipation law. Enacted in 1821 in the aftermath of the Wars of Independence against Spanish colonial rule, this law banned the international slave trade, established local civic councils to manumit “deserving” slaves, and included a Free Womb law that declared the children of slave mothers to be born free, yet bonded them to their mothers’ masters until the age of adulthood. My project unravels the struggles over freedom and bondage during this protracted process of gradual emancipation in the households, courtrooms, streets, and gold mines of the Pacific Coast of Colombia, the region with the highest concentration of slaves and the gold mining center of the former Spanish Empire. "To The Mine I Will Not Go" fundamentally rethinks the nineteenth century project of emancipation by arguing that the freedom generated through the gradual abolition of slavery constituted a modern form of rule that paradoxically birthed new forms of racial domination while consolidating de facto slavery.

O conceito de emancipação vem sendo mencionado no âmbito das discussões sobre juventude no Brasil e no mundo. A semiótica de linha francesa pode agregar reflexões importantes a seu estudo, de modo que as análises desta dissertação tomam como base teórica, sobretudo, as obras de Algirdas Julien Greimas e Claude Zilberberg. O corpus é composto por entrevistas realizadas com jovens habitantes da cidade de São Paulo e o principal tema abordado pelos textos orais é a transição à vida adulta, considerando-se, nessa passagem, por exemplo, as saídas (ou não) da casa dos pais ou as buscas profissionais e pessoais relatadas. Além das entrevistas, são analisados os capítulos iniciais da épica africana Sundjata, ou A epopeia mandinga, de Djibril Tamsir Niane. Dentre os resultados obtidos destacam-se a constatação de que, por um lado, o tratamento narrativo prevalece nos discursos sobre a emancipação e, por outro, a noção de acontecimento (objeto da semiótica tensiva) quase sempre se manifesta na etapa da juventude. / The concept of emancipation is often mentioned nowadays in the discussions about youth in Brazil and around the world. The French School of Semiotics can offer contributions to the study of this object. So, this masters thesis makes use of the works of authors such as Algirdas Julien Greimas and Claude Zilberberg as theoretical basis. The corpus is composed by interviews that were taken of young inhabitants of Sao Paulo city (Brazil). The main theme that was addressed by the reports is the transition to adulthood. In this matter, the informants talked, for example, about leaving (or not) their parents houses and about the paths that they had to go through, in order to achieve professional or personal growth. Besides the interviews, the initial chapters of the African epic Soundjata, ou LÉpopée Mandingue, by Djibril Tamsir Niane, were also analyzed. Among the main results obtained, it is possible to mention the presence of the narrative treatment in the speeches about emancipation, as well as the notion of happening (object of the tensive semiotics), that is frequently manifested in the stage of the youth.

O conceito de emancipação vem sendo mencionado no âmbito das discussões sobre juventude no Brasil e no mundo. A semiótica de linha francesa pode agregar reflexões importantes a seu estudo, de modo que as análises desta dissertação tomam como base teórica, sobretudo, as obras de Algirdas Julien Greimas e Claude Zilberberg. O corpus é composto por entrevistas realizadas com jovens habitantes da cidade de São Paulo e o principal tema abordado pelos textos orais é a transição à vida adulta, considerando-se, nessa passagem, por exemplo, as saídas (ou não) da casa dos pais ou as buscas profissionais e pessoais relatadas. Além das entrevistas, são analisados os capítulos iniciais da épica africana Sundjata, ou A epopeia mandinga, de Djibril Tamsir Niane. Dentre os resultados obtidos destacam-se a constatação de que, por um lado, o tratamento narrativo prevalece nos discursos sobre a emancipação e, por outro, a noção de acontecimento (objeto da semiótica tensiva) quase sempre se manifesta na etapa da juventude. / The concept of emancipation is often mentioned nowadays in the discussions about youth in Brazil and around the world. The French School of Semiotics can offer contributions to the study of this object. So, this masters thesis makes use of the works of authors such as Algirdas Julien Greimas and Claude Zilberberg as theoretical basis. The corpus is composed by interviews that were taken of young inhabitants of Sao Paulo city (Brazil). The main theme that was addressed by the reports is the transition to adulthood. In this matter, the informants talked, for example, about leaving (or not) their parents houses and about the paths that they had to go through, in order to achieve professional or personal growth. Besides the interviews, the initial chapters of the African epic Soundjata, ou LÉpopée Mandingue, by Djibril Tamsir Niane, were also analyzed. Among the main results obtained, it is possible to mention the presence of the narrative treatment in the speeches about emancipation, as well as the notion of happening (object of the tensive semiotics), that is frequently manifested in the stage of the youth.

<p>Uppsatsen avser att utreda hur August Strindbergs pjäs Fröken Julie avspeglar samtidens bild av kvinnan som sjuklig varelse. Enligt min mening tilltar behovet av att definiera kvinnan som biologiskt svag, i takt med kraven om jämlikhet mellan könen. Uppsatsen argumenterar för Julie som en representant för emancipationskvinnan. Denna, för mannen, hotfulla varelse som inkräktade på hans revir. Julie måste därmed avväpnas, göras svag, sjuk och styrd av sin sexualitet för att sedan utplånas. Jag tar upp hur Strindberg inspirerats av författaren Victoria Benedictsson när han skrev pjäsen. Hur hennes liv och självmord påverkat utformandet av dramat och Julie som rollfigur. Pjäsen betraktas som ett inlägg i könsdebatten. Där Strindberg skildrar ett könskrig med mannen som slutgiltig segrare och kvinnan som definitiv förlorare. Därmed ska ”illusionen” om jämlikhet avslöjas, att kvinnan inte kan utmana mannens över-lägsenhet.</p>

Uppsatsen avser att utreda hur August Strindbergs pjäs Fröken Julie avspeglar samtidens bild av kvinnan som sjuklig varelse. Enligt min mening tilltar behovet av att definiera kvinnan som biologiskt svag, i takt med kraven om jämlikhet mellan könen. Uppsatsen argumenterar för Julie som en representant för emancipationskvinnan. Denna, för mannen, hotfulla varelse som inkräktade på hans revir. Julie måste därmed avväpnas, göras svag, sjuk och styrd av sin sexualitet för att sedan utplånas. Jag tar upp hur Strindberg inspirerats av författaren Victoria Benedictsson när han skrev pjäsen. Hur hennes liv och självmord påverkat utformandet av dramat och Julie som rollfigur. Pjäsen betraktas som ett inlägg i könsdebatten. Där Strindberg skildrar ett könskrig med mannen som slutgiltig segrare och kvinnan som definitiv förlorare. Därmed ska ”illusionen” om jämlikhet avslöjas, att kvinnan inte kan utmana mannens över-lägsenhet.