Compassion fatigue (CF) är ett begrepp som introducerades som en form av utmattning för sjuksköterskor. CF utvecklas från att känna ett obehag för medlidande till att i värsta fall övergå till att sjuksköterskan permanent har svårt att känna medlidande. Compassion fatigue användes första gången 1992 och det beskrevs som att sjuksköterskor glömde saker, dess uppmärksamhet minskade och de upplevde utmattning, trötthet, ilska samt kände sig sjuka. De brydde sig mindre och mindre och till slut inte alls.Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva de faktorer som kan orsaka compassion fatigue hos sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård.Metoden som användes var en litteraturöversikt. Databas sökningar gjordes via PubMed, CINAHL Complete och PsycINFO varav 18 artiklar inkluderades i resultatet. I denna litteraturöversikt användes både kvalitativa, kvantitativa och mixade artiklar, skrivna mellan 2009- 2019.I resultatet framkom det att de faktorer som kan orsaka CF var sociodemografiska, sociala, arbetsrelaterade, psykologiska och övriga faktorer såsom intag av olika substanser. Bland dessa faktorer fanns stress, chefsstöd och hantering av svåra situationer i form av exempelvis PsyCap.Slutsatsen var att Compassion fatigue är vanligt förekommande bland sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård och bör förebyggas för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna stanna kvar i yrket och ge en god och hållbar omvårdnad. / Compassion fatigue (CF) is a concept that was introduced as a form of fatigue for nurses. CF develops from feeling uncomfortable for compassion to, in the worst case, transitioning to the fact that the nurse is permanently having difficulty feeling compassion. Compassion fatigue was first used in 1992 and it was described as nurses forgetting things, their attention diminished and they experienced fatigue, tiredness, anger and feeling sick. They cared less and less and, in the end, not at all.The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that can cause compassion fatigue in nurses in emergency care.The method used was a literature review. Database searches were done via PubMed, CINAHL complete and PsycINFO of which 18 articles were included in the result. This literature review used both qualitative, quantitative and mixed articles, written between 2009 and 2019.The results showed that the factors that could cause CF were socio-demographic, social, work-related, psychological and other factors such as the intake of various substances. Among these factors were stress, support from managers and coping with difficult situations, as for example, PsyCap.The conclusion was that Compassion fatigue is a common occurrence among nurses in emergency care and should be prevented in order for nurses to remain in the profession and provide good and sustainable nursing care.

Bakgrund: Över 700 000 människor dör varje år till följd av suicid runt om i världen och den största riskfaktorn för att begå suicid är tidigare suicidförsök. Forskning visar att människor som begår suicid ofta söker till akutmottagningar en eller flera gånger innan de tar sitt liv. Akutmottagningar är därför en viktig plats för förebyggandet av suicid. Forskning visar att suicidförsök och självskadebeteende blir allt vanligare samt att självskadebeteende är en viktig riskfaktor för suicid. Sjuksköterskor på akutmottagningar möter ofta patienter med självskadebeteenden, patienter som genomgått suicidförsök och patienter som funderar på att ta sitt liv. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva akutsjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter av att vårda patienter som inkommit till akutmottagningar till följd av självskadebeteenden och suicidförsök, samt beskriva akutsjuksköterskors attityder gentemot dessa patienter. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt med integrativ design. Systematiska artikelsökningar har utförts i tre medicinska databaser med hjälp av PEO-modellen. Tio inkluderade vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mixad metod har granskats och analyserats. Resultat: I resultatet framkom följande fem teman: I. Sjuksköterskors attityder; II. Sjuksköterskors prioritering av fysisk framför psykisk hälsa; III. Arbetslivserfarenhet på akutmottagningen; IV. Barriärer inom akutmottagningens kontext; och V. Sjuksköterskors upplevda kompetenser & färdigheter. Slutsats: Då resultatet visar att många akutsjuksköterskor uppger osäkerhet och otrygghet vid vården av patienter med självskadebeteende och patienter som begått suicidförsök, bör mer utbildning erbjudas på akutmottagningar kring just dessa tillstånd. För att kunna bedriva en mer hållbar och patientsäker vård bör även akutmottagningar försöka behålla och rekrytera kompetenta och erfarna sjuksköterskor. / Background: Each year, more than 700 000 people around the world die because of suicide, and the biggest risk factor for committing suicide is previous suicide attempts. Research shows that people who commit suicide often visit the emergency department one, up to several times before taking their own lives. Emergency departments are therefore an important place for preventing suicide. Research shows that suicide attempts and self-harming behavior are becoming more common, and that selfharming behavior is an important risk factor for suicide. In emergency departments, nurses often meet patients with self-harming behaviors, patients who have attempted suicide and patients with suicidal ideation. Aim: The aim was to describe the emergency nurses’ experiences of caring for patients who have been admitted to emergency rooms because of self-harming behaviors and suicide attempts, and to describe emergency nurses' attitudes towards these patients Method: A systematic literature review with integrative design. Systematic searches have been conducted in three medical databases using the PEO model. Ten included scientific articles of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method designs have been reviewed and analyzed. Results: The results highlight five main themes: I. Nurses’ attitudes; II. Nurses’ treatment of physical over mental health; III. Work experience in the emergency department; IV. Barriers in the context of the emergency department; and V. Nurses’ perceived competencies and skills. Conclusions: As the result show that many emergency nurses' report insecurity in the care of patients with self-harming behavior and patients who have attempted suicide, more training should be offered in emergency departments around these conditions. Emergency departments should also try to retain and recruit competent and experienced nurses, to provide more sustainable and patient-safe care.

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Timely management in pre-hospital emergency care enhances the chances of patients' survival or clinical outcomes of an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). In Botswana nurses serve in the frontline of pre-hospital emergency services as the initial recipients of the emergency reports and situations. Knowledge of the patient's characteristics will assist the nurses as well as the family/others to understand the patient's responses during an ACS situation and therefore enable prompt patient assessment and facilitation of early access to appropriate care. Patient and family involvement in care during cardiac emergencies also influences the patient outcomes. This is a non-experimental, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study, designed to explore and describe the characteristics of patients with the experience of an ACS, and the available resources during the pre-hospital phase of emergency care, with the aim of improving patients' clinical outcomes. The results indicated that optimal care by nurses is essential in the chain of care influencing patients' chances of surviving ACS. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Timely management in pre-hospital emergency care enhances the chances of patients' survival or clinical outcomes of an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). In Botswana nurses serve in the frontline of pre-hospital emergency services as the initial recipients of the emergency reports and situations. Knowledge of the patient's characteristics will assist the nurses as well as the family/others to understand the patient's responses during an ACS situation and therefore enable prompt patient assessment and facilitation of early access to appropriate care. Patient and family involvement in care during cardiac emergencies also influences the patient outcomes. This is a non-experimental, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study, designed to explore and describe the characteristics of patients with the experience of an ACS, and the available resources during the pre-hospital phase of emergency care, with the aim of improving patients' clinical outcomes. The results indicated that optimal care by nurses is essential in the chain of care influencing patients' chances of surviving ACS. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)