No description available.

No description available.

Contexte : La régulation émotionnelle est un ensemble de processus responsables du contrôle, de l’évaluation et de l’ajustement des émotions dans un objectif. Les résultats d’imagerie fonctionnelle s’accordent sur l’implication des structures frontales et limbiques tandis que les résultats en neurophysiologie, encore rares, suggèrent un rôle du rythme alpha dans l’induction émotionnelle et du rythme thêta dans la régulation. Objectifs et hypothèses : Notre objectif était d’étudier le rythme thêta et alpha pendant la réévaluation de stimuli déplaisants. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’activité alpha serait modulée lors de l’induction émotionnelle seulement tandis que l’activité thêta préfrontale serait positivement corrélée à une régulation réussie. Méthode : Vingt-quatre participants sains ont été enregistrés avec 64 électrodes EEG alors qu’ils regardaient passivement ou réévaluaient des images négatives et neutres. Les rythmes thêta et alpha ont été comparés lors de l’induction émotionnelle puis dans les conditions de maintien, de diminution et d’augmentation de l’émotion, et une localisation de la source a estimé les générateurs. Résultats : Le rythme alpha était non sensible à l’induction et à la régulation. L’activité thêta était systématiquement plus élevée dans la condition de régulation à la hausse que dans la condition de maintien (p=.04) principalement au début de la régulation (1-3 sec) pour thêta bas et plus tard (5-7 sec) pour le thêta haut avec comme générateur du thêta bas le gyrus frontal moyen et le cortex cingulaire antérieur dorsal. Conclusion : Le rythme thêta était impliqué dans les processus de réévaluation à la hausse de l’émotion. / Context: Emotion regulation is a set of processes responsible for controlling, evaluating and adjusting reactions to achieve a goal. Results derived from magnetic resonance imaging agreed on the involvement of frontal and limbic structures in this process. Findings using cognition and physiology interactions are still scarce but suggest a role for alpha rhythm in emotional induction and theta in regulation. Objectives and hypotheses: Our goal was to investigate theta and alpha rhythm during the reappraisal of aversive stimuli. We hypothesized that an implication of alpha rhythm in emotional induction only and an increase in prefrontal theta rhythm positively correlated with successful regulation. Method: Twenty-four healthy participants were recorded with 64 EEG electrodes while asked to passively watch or reappraise negative pictures. Theta and alpha rhythms were compared across maintain, decrease and increase regulation conditions, and a source localization estimated the generators. Results: Theta activity was consistently higher in the upregulation than in the maintenance condition (p=.04) for the entire control period, but mainly at the beginning of regulation (1-3 sec) for low-theta and later (5-7 sec) for high-theta. Moreover, our results confirm that a low-theta generator correlated with mainly the middle frontal gyrus and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during upregulation. Theta was sensitive to emotion upregulation, whereas the alpha oscillation was non-sensitive to emotion induction and regulation. Conclusion: The low-theta rhythm was involved explicitly in emotion upregulation processes that occur at a definite time during reappraisal, whereas the alpha rhythm was not altered by emotion induction and regulation.

[pt] Orientadas por modelos culturais, as crenças parentais funcionam como importantes organizadores para o repertório de práticas utilizado por pais na interação com seus filhos. No que diz respeito às emoções, estudos apontam o quanto tais crenças e práticas podem impactar o desenvolvimento socioemocional infantil. Além disso, pesquisas sugerem que um ambiente físico e social favorável desempenha papel fundamental em relação a esse desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, contextos vulnerabilizados pela violência podem influenciar modelos culturais, o que pode repercurtir nas crenças parentais e nas competências emocionais infantis. Considerando o contexto da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, registros do Instituto de Segurança Pública apontam o quanto os índices de violência vêm apresentando números alarmantes. Visto isso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar as relações entre crenças parentais sobre a emoção e a regulação emocional infantil em diferentes territórios da cidade, considerando a avaliação de segurança e satisfação no bairro. Para tal, participaram do estudo 40 mães da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com filho(a) com idade entre 8 e 11 anos. Entre elas, 24 eram habitantes de territórios de favela e 16 habitantes de não-favelas. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Crenças sobre Emoções, a Escala de Crenças Parentais sobre Competência Emocional em Crianças, a Escala de Avaliação de Satisfação e Segurança e o Emotional Regulation Checklist. Os resultados indicaram não haver diferenças significativas entre os grupos de favela e não-favela em relação às crenças parentais e à regulação emocional infantil. No entanto, as mães residentes em favela apresentaram menores médias de satisfação e segurança no bairro quando comparadas às mães não residentes em favela. Além disso, foram encontradas correlações entre as crenças das mães sobre as próprias emoções e crenças sobre as emoções da criança e entre a avaliação de satisfação e segurança no bairro e a regulação emocional infantil. Tais resultados fornecem evidências sobre a importância do contexto no desenvolvimento da regulação emocional e elucida aspectos importantes para a promoção da saúde emocional infantil. / [en] Guided by cultural models, parental beliefs function as important organizers for the repertoire of practices used by parents in their interaction with their children. With regard to emotions, studies show how such beliefs and practices can affect children s social-emotional development. In addition, research suggests that a favorable physical and social environment plays a key role in this development. In this sense, contexts made vulnerable by violence can influence cultural models, which can have repercussions on parental beliefs and children s emotional competences. Considering the context of the city of Rio de Janeiro, records from the Public Security Institute show how much the violence rates have been showing alarming numbers. Given this, this study aims to investigate the relationships between parental beliefs about emotion and children s emotional regulation in different territories of the city, considering the evaluation of safety and satisfaction in the neighborhood. To this end, 40 mothers from the city of Rio de Janeiro, with children aged between 8 and 11 years, participated in the study. Among them, 24 were inhabitants of favela territories and 16 inhabitants of non favelas. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Scale of Beliefs about Emotions, the Scale of Parental Beliefs about Emotional Competence in Children, the Satisfaction and Safety Rating Scale and the Emotional Regulation Checklist were used. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between favela and non-favela groups regarding parental beliefs and children s emotional regulation. However, mothers residing in favelas had lower means of satisfaction and safety in the neighborhood when compared to mothers not residing in favelas. Furthermore, correlations were found between the mothers beliefs about their own emotions and beliefs about the child s emotions and between the assessment of satisfaction and safety in the neighborhood and child emotion regulation. These results provide evidence on the importance of context in the development of emotional regulation and elucidate important aspects for the promotion of child emotional health.

Recent studies looking to link physical exercise with beneficial couple outcomes have had mixed results, showing benefits for females but not males in some instances, and even negative effects for males in one instance. However, these studies used self-report data for exercise which may suffer from reporting errors. This study analyzed how daily exercise, measured by participants wearing accelerometers, impacts marital satisfaction, positive behaviors, and negative behaviors in a clinical population. The data was analyzed using multilevel models to determine how time spent exercising impacted individuals and their partners in terms of relationship outcomes. Results indicated small but significant relationships between female exercise and decreases in both marital satisfaction and positive behaviors for females, as well as increases in marital satisfaction for males. Increases in male exercise were also associated with decreases in marital satisfaction and positive behaviors for females. Further research is recommended to elucidate the findings that exercise is beneficial for some partners, but not others. Clinicians are advised to continue working with couples to improve marital satisfaction through emotional regulation techniques and widening the window of tolerance.

Researchers have postulated that those with difficult temperament are at risk for difficulties with regulating emotions, are less tolerant of distressing stimuli, have characteristic difficulty coping with distress, and are (at some periods of development) more apt to experience clinically significant psychological symptoms. This study used exploratory factor analyses and structural equation modeling to compose and test a model that explained how emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and coping skills interact to explain how certain temperament features translate into psychological symptoms. Because those with difficult temperament were thought to be at a unique risk for psychological maladjustment, mean-based criterion were used to identify those with relatively difficult, typical, or easy temperament and then test whether the degree of between-group differences on study variables was statistically significant. Results of correlational and EFA analyses suggested that there were statistically significant differences between constructs that were correlated highly (i.e., distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and emotion dysregulation). Results of SEM analyses indicated that the relationship between difficult temperament and psychological maladjustment was explained partially by the way in which emotion regulation, emotion dysregulation, distress tolerance, and coping skills interact, with the strength of each mediating variable differing considerably. There were also differences in the power of the relationship between variables when correlational power was considered alone rather than in the context of the larger measurement and structural models. Future directions and implications are discussed.

To determine whether children with selective mutism (SM) withhold speech to regulate their emotional arousal and decrease automatic distress, the current study examines the behavioral and physiological responses of children with SM in comparison to children with social phobia (SP) and children with no psychiatric disorder (TD) as they participate in two social situations. A single case design strategy is used to compare behavioral and physiological responses both within and across groups. Examining the temporal sequencing of behaviors and physiology provides a direct test of the utility of emotion regulation theory as it pertains to children with social phobia/selective mutism. The results indicate that children with SM show elevated arousal and emotional reactivity across all interaction segments relative to other children. Unique affective, behavioral and physiological responses occur between and within groups in relation to situational demands. The temporal sequencing of behavioral and physiological responses suggests that behavioral deficits may be related to underutilized and/or deficient physiological response systems and that not speaking represents a primitive avoidance strategy by children with SM to regulate extreme physiological arousal.

Gross' emotion regulation model, Porges' polyvagal theory, and other existing research suggest that regulation of emotions, tactics used to handle conflict, and certain physiological processes that occur within the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in response to stress are significantly related, especially in relational contexts. However, despite their pervasiveness and negative impacts, there is a noticeable lack of research on predictors of violent, aggressive, or abusive conflict tactics in couples. In the current study, the predictive role of emotion regulation in relation to conflict tactics was examined, in addition to the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre-ejection period (PEP) as mediators for these variables. Thirty-eight participants (19 couples) completed self-report measures of emotion regulation and conflict tactics, and RSA and PEP were measured during a three-minute baseline and 20-minute conflict discussion. Results showed no significant relationships between emotion regulation and conflict tactics, and no significant relationships between these variables and RSA or PEP were found. These findings may suggest that other variables aside from measures of ANS activity better explain the relationship between emotional and behavioral regulation skills, though additional research is necessary to confirm these findings. Clinical implications of this research point to the exploration of other contributors to violence and aggression aside from poor emotion regulation as it was measured in this study. Future research may benefit from investigating the impact of other variables such as sleep and exercise on ANS reactivity in relation to the use of maladaptive conflict tactics in married couples.

No description available.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekten av en Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) intervention på dispositionell idrottsmindfulness, emotionsreglering och prestation (själv- och tränarskattad) över tid. Data samlades in i nämnda variabler före, under och efter interventionen, som innehöll åtta sessioner. Studiens deltagare var akademifotbollsspelare (n = 32 Målder = 17.06. SD = 0.72) från två olika fotbollslag. Envägs beroende ANOVA visade att MAC hade en statistiskt signifikant effekt på emotionsreglering och subskalorna acceptans och uppmärksamhet i dispositionell idrottsmindfulness. MAC hade ingen statistiskt signifikant effekt på prestation (själv- och tränarskattad) eller subskalan medvetenhet i dispositionell idrottsmindfulness. Uppföljande post-hoc test visade att deltagarna förändrats över tid i emotionsreglering och subskalan acceptans. Resultat visar att MAC har en effekt på vissa prestationsrelaterade utfall hos unga fotbollsspelare. / The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) intervention on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation, and performance (self- and coach-rated) over time. Data were collected on aforementioned variables before, during, and after the intervention, which consisted of eight sessions. The participants in the study were academy football players (n = 32, Mage 17.06, SD = 0.72) from two different football teams. One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that MAC had a statistically significant effect on emotion regulation and the subscales acceptance and attention in sport-specific dispositional mindfulness. MAC did not have a statistically significant effect on performance (self- and coach-rated) or the awareness subscale in sport-specific dispositional mindfulness. Follow-up post-hoc tests indicated that participants changed over time in emotion regulation and the acceptance subscale. The results demonstrate that MAC has an impact on certain performance-related outcomes for young football players.