Private community-based mental health agencies fill a vital role in Virginia's health system in that they increase access to care and provide a wide range of services. In order to operate and receive state funding, these private agencies are responsible for abiding by regulations set forth by the Virginia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services (DBHDS) and the Department of Medical Assistance Services (DMAS). Supervision, as defined by DBHDS and DMAS, features a more administrative approach, requiring supervisors to review policies and ensure procedural compliance. In contrast, supervision as defined by counselor educators leans more towards a clinical approach whereby a more experienced member of the profession will guide the supervisee in professional development through the enhancement of skills and techniques. The issue of interest herein is that little is known about how supervisors in private community-based mental health agencies are navigating these multiple areas of supervisory emphasis. This quantitative inquiry focused on understanding clinicians' perceptions of supervision emphasis and its influence on the supervisory relationship in private mental health agencies in Virginia. Three research questions were developed to determine (a) the influence of clinicians' perceptions of supervision emphasis on the supervision working alliance, (b) the relationship between a supervisor's licensure status (Licensed Professional Counselor versus other designations) and the influence on the supervisory working alliance, and (c) the influence of supervisor responsibilities of hiring/terminating staff and/or conducting performance evaluations on the working alliance. Instruments used in this study included a demographic questionnaire, the Supervisor Emphasis Rating Form-Revised (SERF-R), and the Working Alliance Inventory-Revised (WAI-R). Analysis methods utilized in this study included multiple regression, T-tests, and analysis of variance. Three key findings emerged from this investigation. The first finding is that multiple regression results showed that the professional behaviors mean score in the SERF-R could explain 13% of variance in the WAI-R. The second key finding is that supervisors with the credential of Licensed Professional Counselor had a higher mean working alliance score than those with other professional licensures. The final key finding is that there was no significant difference in the working alliance between clinicians whose supervisors were responsible for certain administrative tasks and those clinicians whose supervisors had no such responsibilities. The implications of this study, its limitations, and suggestions for future research are detailed herein. / Ph. D.

the Horizon separates the ground, sky the inhabitable space, space the separation of opposites the Horizon exists where opposites meet the contradiction emphasizes the existence of the Horizon architectural elements emphasize this place of meeting using elements of repetition, reflection, and separation / Master of Architecture

This thesis explores the role of barrier and threshold as a form of differentiation between objects and situations. Building elements such as façade, structure, and space become the means by which to distinguish between separate parts, functions, and experiences. Sited in downtown Washington D.C. the proposed office building becomes the permeable barrier between street and lawn. Within the building there is contrasting differentiation between service space and occupiable office space through the role of different building parts that make up an office building. / Master of Architecture

Jitter requirements have become more stringent with higher speed serial communication links. Reducing jitter, with the main focus on reducing data dependant jitter (DDJ), is presented by employing adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter pre-emphasis. The adaptive FIR pre-emphasis is implemented in the IBM 7WL 0.18 µm SiGe BiCMOS process. SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) provide high bandwidth, low noise devices which could reduce the total system jitter. The trade-offs between utilising metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) current mode logic (CML) and SiGe bipolar CML are also discussed in comparison with a very high fT (IBM 8HP process with fT = 200 GHz) process. A reduction in total system jitter can be achieved by keeping the sub-components of the system jitter constant while optimising the DDJ. High speed CML circuits have been employed to allow data rates in excess of 5 Gb/s to be transmitted whilst still maintaining an internal voltage swing of at least 300 mV. This allows the final FIR filter adaptation scheme to minimise the DDJ within 12.5 % of a unit interval, at a data rate of 5 Gb/s implementing 6 FIR pre-emphasis filter taps, for a worst case copper backplane channel (30" FR-4 channel). The implemented integrated circuit (IC) designed as part of the verification process takes up less than 1 mm2 of silicon real estate. In this dissertation, SPICE simulation results are presented, as well as the novel IC implementation of the proposed FIR filter adaptation technique as part of the hypothesis verification procedure. The implemented transmitter and receiver were tested for functionality, and showed the successful functional behaviour of all the implemented CML gates associated with the first filter tap. However, due to the slow charge and discharge rate of the pulse generation circuit in both the transmitter and receiver, only the main operational state of the transmitter could be experimentally validated. As a result of the adaptation scheme implemented, the contribution in this research lies in that a designer utilising such an IC can optimise the DDJ, reducing the total system jitter, and hence increasing the data fidelity with minimal effort. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

This study investigates the role of transformational leadership in influencing students’ outcomes in public secondary schools using Kuwait as a case study. The standard of academic achievement in Kuwait’s public schools has been declining over the years, which calls for a different type of leadership to transform these schools. It is argued in this thesis that there is merit in bringing in private sector business models to the public education sector in order to transform the sector and improve the schools’ outcomes. Furthermore, not much research has been undertaken on the paths through which transformational leadership influences public school outcomes in developing countries such as Kuwait. Following a critical review of leadership literature, a theoretical model for leadership that is transformational was conceptualised and this formed the basis of hypotheses formation and data collection. The thesis is thus original in its attempt to understand the paths through which school heads’ transformational leadership influence student’s outcomes in public secondary schools in a developing country (Kuwait). The study adopted a positivist ontology and objective epistemology and obtained data from 495 school heads and staff from 86 public secondary schools in Kuwait via a structured questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation models (SEM) tested the direct and indirect effects of school heads’ transformational leadership in influencing students’ outcomes the student “achievement” and the student “engagement” via several mediating variables including “school culture”, “class room condition” and “academic emphasis”. The analysis identified idealized influence (attributes) and idealized influence (behaviour) as the underlying dimensions of transformational leadership that directly and indirectly influences both student engagement and student achievement as the final outcome. The findings also confirmed differences between males and females in their leadership styles and subsequent influence on students’ achievement, and student engagement with the latter appearing to be better school heads. Therefore, two structure equation models were built to investigate the characteristics of each gender leadership style on the outcome variables. The findings also revealed that males’ leadership style has significant effect on student achievement but not student on engagement, while female leader ship style has significant effect on both student achievement and student engagement stronger than the males’ effect counterpart. Generally however, transformational leadership style has significant effect on both student achievement and student engagement. The study objectives were met and the study contributes to understanding the role of transformational leadership and its influence on staff and students’ achievement, from a developing country in the GCC. Managerial recommendations and suggestions for policy makers are made. Study limitations are highlighted leading to suggestions for further study.

För att belysa värdeförlusten som utarmandet av ekosystem leder till och poängtera vårt beroende av naturen har begreppet ekosystemtjänster tagits i bruk. Ekosystemtjänster är samlingsnamnet på allt det vi får från naturen, så som syre, fibrer, rent vatten och naturupplevelser. I de nya kurspla-nerna i biologi (Skolverket, 2011a) tas ekosystemtjänster upp som centralt innehåll. Denna studie har till syfte att belysa hur lärare i årskurs 4-6 tolkar begreppet ekosystemtjänster i relation till sin undervisning, samt att undersöka vilka kunskapsemfaser lärarna ger uttryck för. Med kunskapsemfaser menas uppfattningar om varför vi undervisar om något. Data samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra lärare som undervisar i biologi i årskurs 4-6 på olika skolor. Resultatet av analysen visar att lärarna är mycket engagerade i under-visningen för hållbar utveckling. De lyfter fram förståelsen av naturens kretslopp och hänsynstagande till miljön som mycket viktigt. Lärarna tenderar att tolka begreppet ekosystemtjänster som ett nytt samlingsbegrepp för något de redan undervisar om, snarare än som ett nytt perspektiv. Under intervjuernas framskridande visar lärarna dock tecken på att fördjupa sitt resonemang kring ekosystemtjänster, vilket kan tyda på att en djupare och mer komplex förståelse kan komma att infinna sig när begreppet är väl implementerat. Kommentarmaterialet till kursplanen bidrar sannolikt till en snäv syn på ekosystemtjänster. Lärarna ger i huvudsak uttryck för de två kunskapsemfaserna som Östman (1992) benämner vardagsemfasen och naturvetenskap, normer och beslut, där syftet med kunskap är att eleverna bättre ska kunna agera i och förstå sin vardag.

The present study sought to investigate the combined influences of degree of first-list learning, stimulus order, emphasis, and meaningfulness on the selection strategies of college subjects.

The problem of this study was the amount of emphasis placed on various supervisory practices in the supervision of English. The first purpose was to compare the emphasis placed on supervisory practices in the supervision of English in selected Texas secondary schools with the emphasis placed on the same supervisory practices in the supervision of English in selected school systems of the nation. The second purpose was to compare the emphasis placed on supervisory practices in the supervision of English in selected Texas secondary schools with the emphasis a group of educational specialists believed should be placed on the supervisory practices. The third purpose was to compare the emphasis placed on supervisory practices in the supervision of English in selected school systems of the nation with the emphasis a group of educational specialists believed should be placed on the supervisory practices.

This thesis examines existing theories of Spanish stress assignment in generative phonology and proposes an alternative theory that is more effective in predicting the surface representations of Spanish stress. Stress is characterized according to traditional textbook standards and examples are given (Chapter I). The current theoretical setting, especially the theories of James W. Harris, is then described (Chapter II). This writer's own theory, based upon an underlying distinction between tense and lax vowels, is delineated (Chapter III) and defended (Chapter IV). The new stress assignment rule--along with a rule of vowel laxing before a word boundary (#) and a rule of stress adjustment--shows stress in Spanish to be predictable and, therefore, not phonemic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of habitat parameters and human disturbance on the nesting success of goshawks, Cooper's hawks, and sharp-shinned hawks in an area within the Cache National Forest of Utah and Idaho. This research should provide the wildlife manager with information of value in planning recreation areas, roads, timber cuttings, and other activities where impacts are considered. Of the three accipiter species studied, the goshawk showed the greatest preference for isolation from man. It nested at higher elevations (X=2,065 m); farther from human disturbance (X=250 m); higher in trees (X=12m)/ farther into cover (X=55 m) [generally in a mature forest]; and in proximity to water (X=394 m) with considerable horizontal visibility form the nest (X=53 m). The average number of young fledged from goshawk nests was 1.4. The nesting Cooper's hawk was more tolerant to human disturbance (X=147 m); nested closest to water (X=220 m); at moderate elevation (X=1,782 m); and in average of 8 m above ground. Their range over-lapped that of recreational activities and also that of sharp-shinned hawks. Cooper's hawks fledged an average of 1.6 young per nest. The sharp-shinned hawks nested farthest from water (X=444 m); at about the same elevation as Cooper's hawks (X= 1,789 m); closer to human disturbance (X=161 m); closer to the ground (X=6 m); and in nests with short horizontal visibility (X=14 m). The sharp-shinned hawks fledged an average of 2.1 young per nest. As a general rule, all of the accipiters studied preferred to nest on the lower part of a north-facing slope with a well-developed tree canopy. Goshawks appeared to be most sensitive to man, while the Cooper's and sharp-shinned hawks were similar in habitat requirements and had nesting sites in closer proximity to human activities.