Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho discute a política de emprego implementada no Brasil e na Itália nos últimos 10 anos. A ideia central é de que a política de emprego vem sendo alvo de estratégias por parte do Estado brasileiro e italiano como forma de responder ao problema endêmico do desemprego e se encontra dentro das exigências propostas pelas agências multilaterais para minimizar os impactos das mudanças em curso no âmbito do trabalho. Embora o desemprego sempre tenha sido um elemento fundamental na dinâmica das relações sociais de produção capitalista, tendo em vista que a formação de um excedente de trabalhadores é condição fundamental para a extração da taxa de mais-valia, através do trabalho não pago e expropriado pelo capitalista, ele vem sendo considerado como um processo natural, sem qualquer vinculação com a lógica da acumulação capitalista e, portanto, as políticas de emprego revelam-se como medidas pontuais que tendem a responsabilizar os sujeitos pela sua "incapacidade" de se adequar às mudanças em curso. neste sentido, as ações propostas reforçam o incentivo ao empreendedorismo, a precarização das condições de trabalho, no incremento do trabalho feminino e juvenil e na retirada gradativa de direitos sociais e trabalhistas. As consequências não podem ser percebidas igualmente nos dois países, haja vista as condições sócio-históricas que deram luz ao Estado social permitindo que na Itália as mudanças em curso apontem para uma precarização protegida e no Brasil numa precarização desprotegida. / This paper discusses the employmet policy implemented over the last ten years in Brazil and Italy. the central idea is that employment policy has been the target of strategies for both countries as a way to respond to the endemic problem of unemployment and lies within the requirements recommend by the multilateral agencies to minimize the impacts of the changes underway in scope of work. Although unemployment has always been a key element in the dynamics of social relations of capitalist production, considering that the formation of a surplus of workers is a fundamental condition for the extraction rates of a surplus value through the unpaid labor and expropriated by the capitalist. He has been considered as a problem of natural order not directly associated with the dynamics of capitalism accumulation and, therefore, employment polices are revealed as ad hoc measures that to blend individuals for their "inability" to suit changes underway. In this sense, the proposed action in turne encourage entrepreneurship, the precarious conditions and working relations in the increase of youth work and woman and phases withdrawal of rights and guarantees for workers, providing, on one hand, higer capitals gains and another, the impoversishment of workers. Increasing overcrowding on and generating a mass of workers left over, but with different impacts in the face of the construction welfare state implemented in both countries, revelaing in the case of Italy a pr

Le constat est que de plus en plus, le nombre d'étudiants entrant dans l'enseignement supérieur croît d'année en année et par la suite fait croître le nombre de diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur. Cependant, le rythme d'insertion professionnelle de ces diplômés demeure timide. Ce qui du coup accroît d'année en année le taux de chômage des diplômés du supérieur. Selon les enquêtes nationales, en 2004, le taux de chômage des diplômés du supérieur était d'environ 19% et dépasse celui au niveau national qui était de 9%. En 2010, ce taux est passé à 25%. Cela suppose qu'il faudrait accorder une attention particulière pour leur insertion. C'est pourquoi, nous avons posé la question de savoir : quelles stratégies faudrait-il mettre en place pour favoriser l'insertion des diplômés du supérieur ? Une analyse a été faite des circuits classiques d'insertion notamment la fonction publique et le secteur privé malien. D'après les statistiques, ces 2 circuits présentent des rigidités quant à l'embauche de milliers de diplômés qui sortent du système d'enseignement supérieur malien. Ainsi, nous nous sommes orientés vers l'entrepreneuriat en estimant qu'il pourrait être un vecteur de création d'emploi pour eux et qui serait appuyé par la politique d'aide à l'entrepreneuriat inscrite dans un programme dit « Programme Emploi Jeunes ». Pour cela, nous avons retenu deux hypothèses : (1) : l'entrepreneuriat est un facteur de création d'emploi pour les diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur, (2) : la politique d'aide à l'entrepreneuriat permet de favoriser ce processus. Après une analyse descriptive du fonctionnement du marché du travail au Mali et après l'étude de plusieurs théories et travaux de recherches liés au capital humain et au rôle des compétences dans le domaine de l'entrepreneuriat, nous sommes parvenus aux résultats suivants en lien avec nos hypothèses de base : 1-Oui, l'entrepreneuriat est un facteur de création d'emploi pour les diplômés du supérieur. 2-Non, la politique d'aide à l'entrepreneuriat ne favorise pas ce processus. / The number of students entering higher education is growing year by year and it increases the number of graduates of higher education system. However, the pace of integration of these graduates is so shy. So the unemployment rate of graduates is growing year by year. According to national surveys, in 2004, the unemployment rate for graduates was about 19% and exceeds the national level that was 9%. In 2010, the rate rose to 25%. Thus, in the absence of attention to this target group its insertion becomes increasingly worrying. Therefore, we asked ourselves this question: what strategies should be put in place to promote the integration of graduates? We analyze the conventional circuits insertion such as the public and the private sector in Mali. According to statistics, these two circuits are rigidities in the hiring of thousands of graduates of higher education. Thus, we turned to entrepreneurship by saying it could be a vehicle for creating jobs for them and that would be supported by aid policy for entrepreneurship enrolled in a program called "Youth Employment Program". For this, we selected two assumptions: (1): Entrepreneurship is a factor in creating employment opportunities for graduates of higher education, (2): aid policy entrepreneurship can encourage this process. After a descriptive analysis of the functioning of the labor market in Mali and after studying several theories and research work related to human capital and the role of skills in the field of entrepreneurship or economic development, we managed the following results based on our assumptions: 1- Yes, entrepreneurship is a factor in creating employment for graduates. 2 - No, policy support for entrepreneurship does not promote this process.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho discute a política de emprego implementada no Brasil e na Itália nos últimos 10 anos. A ideia central é de que a política de emprego vem sendo alvo de estratégias por parte do Estado brasileiro e italiano como forma de responder ao problema endêmico do desemprego e se encontra dentro das exigências propostas pelas agências multilaterais para minimizar os impactos das mudanças em curso no âmbito do trabalho. Embora o desemprego sempre tenha sido um elemento fundamental na dinâmica das relações sociais de produção capitalista, tendo em vista que a formação de um excedente de trabalhadores é condição fundamental para a extração da taxa de mais-valia, através do trabalho não pago e expropriado pelo capitalista, ele vem sendo considerado como um processo natural, sem qualquer vinculação com a lógica da acumulação capitalista e, portanto, as políticas de emprego revelam-se como medidas pontuais que tendem a responsabilizar os sujeitos pela sua "incapacidade" de se adequar às mudanças em curso. neste sentido, as ações propostas reforçam o incentivo ao empreendedorismo, a precarização das condições de trabalho, no incremento do trabalho feminino e juvenil e na retirada gradativa de direitos sociais e trabalhistas. As consequências não podem ser percebidas igualmente nos dois países, haja vista as condições sócio-históricas que deram luz ao Estado social permitindo que na Itália as mudanças em curso apontem para uma precarização protegida e no Brasil numa precarização desprotegida. / This paper discusses the employmet policy implemented over the last ten years in Brazil and Italy. the central idea is that employment policy has been the target of strategies for both countries as a way to respond to the endemic problem of unemployment and lies within the requirements recommend by the multilateral agencies to minimize the impacts of the changes underway in scope of work. Although unemployment has always been a key element in the dynamics of social relations of capitalist production, considering that the formation of a surplus of workers is a fundamental condition for the extraction rates of a surplus value through the unpaid labor and expropriated by the capitalist. He has been considered as a problem of natural order not directly associated with the dynamics of capitalism accumulation and, therefore, employment polices are revealed as ad hoc measures that to blend individuals for their "inability" to suit changes underway. In this sense, the proposed action in turne encourage entrepreneurship, the precarious conditions and working relations in the increase of youth work and woman and phases withdrawal of rights and guarantees for workers, providing, on one hand, higer capitals gains and another, the impoversishment of workers. Increasing overcrowding on and generating a mass of workers left over, but with different impacts in the face of the construction welfare state implemented in both countries, revelaing in the case of Italy a pr

Unemployment is a long term problem of the present society. For many people, finding a new job is complicated because of some kind of handicap. Such handicaps include age, gender, lack of qualification, or even belonging to certain minority group. In these cases, people remain unemployed for a longer time, which leads to further devaluation of the human capital. Employment offices try to help their job-seekers using active employment policy instruments. This paper is then focused on the vocational retraining instrument in relation to long term unemployed. The objective of the paper is to establish efficiency of vocational retraining and the factors that influence it. The technique of secondary analysis of public documents of the Employment Office in Písek for the period 2005 through 2010 was chosen for the performance of the research. The research has shown that short-term unemployed having secondary education with school-leaving examination (SSLC) and younger age groups (up to 30 years of age) are more often placed in vocational retraining. On the contrary, members of the group of job-seekers with low ? primary education and/or aged over 50 is very rarely placed in vocational retraining. Yet lack of qualification and higher age are risk factors for long term unemployment origination. If these two factors are joined also with very long unemployment (over 1 year), there is a minimum chance to participate in vocational retraining. The positive effects of vocational retraining for long term unemployed include that they have large chance of placement in the labour market within 6 months. Selection for vocational retraining is performed on the basis of cooperation of the labour provision consultant with the job-seeker. Unfortunately, there is noticeable tendency to select rather the less problematic and better motivated job-seekers. Consequently, the approach to clients should change and those who really need help should be targeted.

First part of thesis describes the theoretical basis of theme. The first section relates to legislative regulation of employment area including its development from 2004. The second chapter attends to cooperation possibilities of employers and employment offices. Second part of thesis concentrates on analysis of situation of particular employer - FOXCONN CZ company. The first section of this part describes the company in light of its history, positions and present cooperation with employment offices. The second section characterizes situation on regional employment market including history of local employment office and interview with its employees. The last chapter contains the particulat analysis of present cooperation methods with employment offices, economical view on this problem and final recommendations.

This document discusses the impact of aging on the labour market in the Czech Republic to examine the labour market situation and propose options for solving the consequences of aging. The theoretical part is introduced by two publications, in which is the impact of aging on the labour market based on the projection of the demographic changes in OECD countries by 2050. Next part of this paper focuses on the definition of basic demographic indicators. Afterwards, there are described approaches of international organizations to this problem. The analytical section begins with the demographic characteristics of the population in the Czech Republic, followed by the projection of future demographic trends. Then, the paper analyzes the situation on the labour market in the Czech Republic. The paper is closed up by the review of the labour market in the Czech Republic and by recommendations for the identified issues, which are divided into 4 parts, according to policy goals set in The Implementation Regional Strategy by United Nations.

The paper is discussing German social policy with an emphasis on labour market policy. The topic is set into the context of European social policy and European employment policy. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part informs the reader about European employment policy as a whole. It describes its evolution and targets specified by the European union. The second part is devoted to German labour market policy with an accent on the extensive reforms of the last years. Subsequently, the evaluation of these reforms and the current situation on the labour market in Germany are described. The last part is dealing with German labour market policy in the European context: German National reform programme and a comparative analysis with other member states of the EU. At the end of this chapter there are implications for the German labour market policy. The aim of this paper is to answer the question: How efficient is the German labour market policy comparing with other member states of the EU with regard to the target indicators of European employment policy? What direction is it heading and what are the possibilities of making it more efficient?

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the labour market in Czech Republic in the period 2007 -- 2012 and evaluate the implementation of the Europe 2020 strategy in this area. Attention is also paid on implementation of sub-nation targets based on strategy Europe 2020. This thesis seeks comprehensive approach and set all the parameters to a real economic framework.

This thesis focuses on the problem of unemployment, which culminates during times of economic recession. After the onset of the financial crisis in 2008, the unemployment rate grew in all european countries with the exception of Germany. A state which only ten years ago was considered to be the sick man of Europe, because of its problematic situation in the labour market. This work describes the development of the german labour market with emphasis on the role of pre-crisis labour policies reforms. Subsequently their effectiveness in times of a global financial crisis. Later the focus shifts to the Czech labour market and its development before and after 2008. The goal of this thesis is to perform an analysis and comparison of the statistical data of the aforementioned labour markets. The closing recommendations are based on the evaluation of the possibility to apply some of the german labour policies onto the Czech labour market.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the situation in the labour market in the Czech Republic during the period 2004 -- 2011 and compare the development of selected indicators in the Czech labour market with other states in the European Union. The thesis seeks a comprehensive approach and focuses attention on key issues such as long-term unemployment and the problems of women, older workers or graduates. The thesis also includes a demonstration of the impact of demographic aging on the labour market. The conclusion describes some options for solving selected problems of the labour market and the general approach of employment policy.