This study aims to examine the attitudes of the Saudi undergraduate college students toward the anticipated effects of privatization on the employment system of the Saudi privatized SOEs. Using survey questionnaire data collected in May 2002 from 672 Saudi undergraduate college students, the study results reveal varied attitudes. On the one hand, large percentages of the respondents prefer working under close supervision of Saudi management, having a salary based on productivity, being promoted based upon performance (rather than seniority), and adhering to prescribed procedures in executing job tasks. On the other hand, high percentages of the study respondents tend to dislike the concepts of putting forth more effort to meet management's plans, of working on nights and weekend, and of compromising job security in return for a higher salary. In addition, while the majority of the study respondents believe that privatization of state-owned enterprises is best for the local economy, their support for privatization is qualified by their insistence or desire that it not negatively impact their own interests. The statistical significance and association analyses reveal that the effects of academic majors and province on respondents' attitudes toward promotion criteria, teaming, and management's nationality are indeed significant. In addition, gender, SES, living areas prior to college entry, and adherence to religion are significantly related to respondents' attitudes toward privatization in general and toward some of its potential effects on the employment system. Recommendations are provided. / Ph. D.

Die Krise in der japanischen Wirtschaft führt zu Veränderungen der Beschäftigungspraxis. Die Kernfrage dieser Untersuchung lautet: Wie unterscheidet sich die Beschäftigungsstruktur der erfolgreichen Unternehmen von den weniger erfolgreichen Nachzüglern? Weichen die erfolgreichen Unternehmen stärker von der langfristigen Beschäftigungspraxis ab? Die Beschäftigungsveränderungen werden aber nicht nur nach dem Erfolg der Unternehmen betrachtet, sondern auch anhand der "Einflußgruppen" Unternehmensgröße, Industrie, Zugehörigkeit zu einer Unternehmensgruppe (keiretsu). In der empirischen Analyse gibt die Beschäftigungsintensität Aufschluß über den quantitativen Einsatz von regulären Mitarbeitern. Anhand von Senioritätskriterien werden die Veränderungen des Einflusses auf die Entlohnung dargestellt. Unter dem Stichwort der "flexiblen Beschäftigung" wird die starke Zunahme der Entsendungen (shukkô) betont, deren Chance im Wissenstransfer liegt. In den Implikationen für das organisationale Lernen werden die Ergebnisse zusammengefaßt. Die Analyse mit Daten aus dem Sample der Kaisha-Datenbank umfaßt den Zeitraum von 1972-1998. Dieses Panel von 27 Jahren ermöglicht die Betrachtung verschiedener Zeitabschnitte, in denen Adaptionsprozesse und Strategieänderungen der verschiedenen Untersuchungsgruppen deutlich werden. / The crises in the Japanese economy causes changes in the employment practices. The aim of this study is to figure out and analyse the differences in these employment practices according to company performance. Are long-term relations still significant in successful companies? The changes in quantity and structure of employment were not only analysed concerning the perfomance of companies, but also according to industry, keiretsu-membership or firm size. In examinig the regular employment structure, we have a closer look at the employment intensity, seniority criterias and wage system. In the case of irregular employees the transfer of employees - known as shukkô - is taken into consideration. On one hand shukkô reduces the surplus of employees and cuts personnel expenses. On the other hand companies try to strengthen the relations between their affiliated companies, which is seen as a chance for a better flow of knowledge and information. The study is based on the Kaisha-Database at the Science Centre Berlin. The panel from 1972-1998 allows a closer look at time-periods, in which processes of adaptation and changes of employment strategies can be examined.

M. Tech. (Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / With a rapid growth of internet technologies, many companies have transformed from the old traditional ways of recruiting employees to electronic recruitment (e-recruitment). E-recruiting channels achieved a solid advantage for both employers and job applicants by dropping advertising cost, applying cost as well as hiring time. Job recommender systems aim to help in people – job matching. In this research, a proposed mobile job employment recommender system is a client – server application that uses content – based filtering algorithm to enable the initial selection of a suitable leisure job seeker to a temporary job at a particular place and vice versa. A prototype of a mobile job recommendation application was developed to evaluate the algorithm. The evaluation matrix used to assess the prototype are precision, recall and the F-measure. The precision value was found to be 0.994, the recall value was 0.975 and the F1- score was 0.984. The experimental results of the proposed algorithm show the effectiveness of the system to recommend suitable candidates for jobs at a specified area. The recommender system was able to achieve its main aim of enabling the initial selection of suitable temporary job seekers to a temporary job at a particular place and vice versa. Thus, the results of the proposed algorithm are satisfactory.

Au Canada, le nombre de travailleurs étrangers temporaires est en forte hausse et ce, depuis 2003. Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires ne disposent ni de la citoyenneté politique, ni de la résidence permanente; leur mobilité professionnelle est restreinte et leur durée de séjour est limitée et prédéterminée. Sur le plan formel, ces travailleurs bénéficient des protections prévues par le droit du travail nonobstant leur statut migratoire. Toutefois, plusieurs travaux ont démontré que les travailleurs étrangers temporaires occupant des emplois qui requièrent un niveau réduit de formation sont généralement moins enclins à dénoncer la violation de leurs droits au travail. Le droit du travail constitue-t-il un rempart utile pour ces travailleurs? À l’aide d’une méthodologie mixte impliquant notamment une enquête de terrain auprès des acteurs-clé, la présente thèse poursuit deux objectifs distincts. Sur le plan empirique, elle permet de mettre en lumière l’incidence du système d’emploi singulier dans lequel s’insèrent les travailleurs étrangers temporaires sur leur usage des ressources proposées par le droit du travail. Le recours à ces ressources n’est pas contingent et prédéterminé; il est inextricablement lié aux opportunités et aux contraintes avec lesquelles ces travailleurs composent. Cette recherche révèle également que les stratégies échafaudées par différents acteurs qui ne sont pas, sur le plan juridique, des parties au rapport salarial, ont une incidence significative sur l’usage du droit par ses destinataires ; leur impact dépend largement du pouvoir dont ces acteurs disposent dans le système d’emploi. Sur le plan théorique, cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ plus large des études portant sur l’effectivité du droit; elle propose de distinguer entre l’étude des effets du droit et l’analyse de son usage. Elle présente, à cette fin, un cadre analytique permettant de saisir le rapport qu’entretiennent les destinataires avec le droit. / In Canada, the number of temporary foreign workers has been steadily increasing since 2003. Temporary foreign workers have neither political citizenship nor permanent residency; their professional mobility is restricted and their length of stay limited and predetermined. Formally, these workers can benefit from the protection of labour law despite their migratory status. Many studies have however shown that “low-skilled” temporary foreign workers are generally less likely to report the violation of their labour rights. Does labour law constitute a useful buttress for these workers? Using a mixed methodology involving a field study with key actors, this study pursues two objectives. On the empirical level, it allows to shed light on the impact of the singular employment system of these workers on their mobilization of labour law’s protections. Such mobilization is neither contingent nor predetermined; it depends on the constraints and on the opportunities arising from the employment system. Our research also reveals that strategies elaborated by actors who are not, from a legal perspective, parties to the employment relationship, also have a significant impact on the way these workers take advantage of labour law's ressources ; such impact largely depends on the power these actors have in the employment system. On the theoretical level, this study is situated in the broader field of studies concerning the effectiveness of law. It purports to distinguish between the study of the effects of the law and the analysis of its use. It elaborates an analytical framework addressing the relationship between the law and its recipients.