A neurodegeneração é o resultado da destruição progressiva e irreversível dos neurônios no sistema nervoso central, apresentando causas desconhecidas e mecanismos patológicos não totalmente elucidados. Fatores como a idade, o aumento da formação de radicais livres e/ou estresse oxidativo, defeito no metabolismo energético, a inflamação e acúmulo de elementos neurotóxicos e de proteínas malformadas no lúmen do retículo endoplasmático (RE) contribuem para o desenvolvimento dos processos neurodegenerativos. O sistema canabinoide tem sido proposto como neuroprotetor em diversos modelos de neurodegeneração como hipóxia aguda e epilepsia, isquemia cerebral, lesão cerebral e modelos de estresse oxidativo. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o papel do sistema canabinoide em uma linhagem de neuroblastoma (Neuro 2a) submetida a condições de estresse oxidativo (H2O2), inflamação (LPS) e estresse do RE (tunicamicina), avaliando parâmetros de viabilidade celular e vias de sinalização envolvidas. Nossos resultados mostram que o agonista canabinoide ACEA foi capaz de proteger as células da morte celular causada pela inflamação e pelo estresse de retículo endoplasmático, mas não pelo estresse oxidativo. Esse efeito neuroprotetor exercido pelo ACEA parece pelo menos em parte ocorrer via receptor CB1 no modelo de inflamação e ser independente deste receptor no modelo de estresse de RE. Os efeitos neuroprotetores observados envolveram a modulação dos níveis de proteínas pré-apoptóticas, CHOP e Caspase 12, e da proteína relacionada à sobrevivência celular ERK 1/2. Nossos dados sugerem um papel neuroprotetor do sistema canabinoide em mecanismos relacionados aos processos neurodegenerativos e propõem a manipulação desse sistema como possível alvo terapêutico. / Neurodegeneration is the result of progressive and irreversible destruction of neurons in the central nervous system, with unknown causes and pathological mechanisms not fully elucidated. Factors such as age, increased formation of free radicals and/or oxidative stress, defects in energetic metabolism, inflammation and accumulation of neurotoxic factors and misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contribute to the development of neurodegenerative processes. The cannabinoid system has been proposed as neuroprotector in several models of neurodegeneration such as acute hypoxia and epilepsy, cerebral ischaemia, brain injury and oxidative stress models. This work aimed to investigate the role of the cannabinoid system in a neuroblastoma line (Neuro 2a) submitted to oxidative stress (H2O2), inflammation (LPS) and ER stress (tunicamycin) conditions, assessing cell viability parameters and signaling pathways involved. Our results show that the ACEA cannabinoid agonist was able to protect cells from cell death caused by inflammation and ER stress, but not from oxidative stress. This neuroprotective effect exerted by ACEA appears to occur at least in part via the CB1 receptor in inflammation model and it seems to be independent of this receptor in the ER stress model. The neuroprotective effects observed involved the modulation of the levels of pre-apoptotic proteins CHOP and Caspase 12 and the cell survival related protein ERK 1/2. Our data suggest a neuroprotective role of the cannabinoid system in mechanisms related to neurodegenerative processes and propose it as possible therapeutic target.

A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um problema de saúde pública caracterizado por alta morbidade e mortalidade e com enorme impacto social e econômico no sistema de saúde. Uma das consequências mais graves da progressão da DRC é a albuminúria, que se deve principalmente a lesões no epitélio tubular proximal e na membrana basal glomerular. O aumento da permeabilidade da barreira de ultrafiltração glomerular à albumina está diretamente relacionado à lesão podocitária, principalmente devido à perda de processos podais, estresse oxidativo, estresse de reticulo endoplasmático e eventos apoptóticos. No entanto, os mecanismos celulares envolvidos em tais processos ainda não foram elucidados. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os mecanismos pelos quais a albumina participa na lesão de podócitos, considerando a contribuição da caveolina-1, IRE-1 fosforilado, PKC fosforilada, p38 MAPK fosforilada e caspase-12 clivada. Para isso, utilizamos podócitos de camundongos diferenciados, os quais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais: controle e tratados com albumina nas concentrações de 1, 5 e 10 mg/mL, em RPMI 1640 sem soro, durante 24 horas. Após o tratamento, a apoptose foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo. Para os experimentos de imunofluorescência, as células foram tratadas com albumina fluorescente conjugada à isotiocianato de fluoresceína (FITC) 1 mg/mL durante 30 min, 1h, 3h e 24h. As imagens foram obtidas por microscopia confocal, objetivo de 63x. A expressão de proteínas foi analisada por western blotting; GRP78, PKC , p38 MAPK e caspase-12 clivada foram avaliados 30 min, 1h, 3h e 24h após o tratamento das células com albumina 1 mg/mL. GAPDH foi usado como controle endógeno. A análise estatística foi avaliada pela ANOVA one-way seguida do pós teste de Bonferroni. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significativos. Nossos resultados mostram que o tratamento das culturas celulares de podócitos com albumina, na concentração de 1 mg/mL, durante 24h resultou em um aumento significativo na taxa de apoptose total em comparação com o controle. Com relação à imunofluorescência, colocalizações entre albumina FITC e caveolina-1 foram observadas no período de 30 min, 1h, 3h e 24h. Em relação à expressão proteica, observou-se um aumento significativo na expressão da proteína GRP78 no período de 1 hora após o tratamento com albumina, o que indica um possível estresse de retículo endoplasmático. No caso da proteína IRE-1 fosforilada houve aumento da expressão em 30 min, 1h, 3h e 24h em relação ao grupo controle. Além disso, um aumento significativo na expressão das proteínas PKC fosforilada, p38 MAPK fosforilada e caspase-12 clivada foi observado nos períodos de 1h, 3h e 24h após o tratamento com albumina. Estes dois últimos parâmetros foram reduzidos pelo co-tratamento das células com SB203580 (10-6 M), um inibidor específico da p38 MAPK. Estes resultados sugerem que a proteína caveolina-1 tem um papel importante na internalização da albumina nos podócitos. Além disso, a albumina induz a apoptose por ativação do estresse de retículo nessas células, principalmente através da via PKC /p38MAPK/caspase-12 clivada. / Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem characterized by high morbidity and mortality and with enormous social and economic impact on the health system. One of the most serious consequences of CKD progression is albuminuria, which is mainly due to lesions in the proximal tubular epithelium and the glomerular basement membrane. Increased permeability of the glomerular ultrafiltration barrier to albumin is directly related to podocyte lesion, mainly due to loss of foot processes, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic events. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in such processes have not yet been elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which albumin participates in podocyte injury, considering the contribution of caveolin-1, phosphorylated IRE-1, phosphorylated PKC, phosphorylated p38 MAPK, and cleaved caspase-12. For this, we used mice differentiated podocytes, which were distributed in four experimental groups: control and treated with serum concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL in serum-free RPMI 1640 for 24 hours. After treatment, apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. For the immunofluorescence experiments, the cells were treated with 1 mg/mL fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated (FITC) albumin for 30 min, 1h, 3h, and 24h. The images were obtained by confocal microscopy, 63x objective. Protein expression was analyzed by western blotting; GRP78, PKC , p38 MAPK and cleaved caspase-12 were evaluated 30 min, 1h, 3h and 24h after treatment of the cells with 1 mg/mL albumin. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control. Statistical analysis was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Our results show that the treatment of cell cultures of podocytes with albumin at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for 24h resulted in a significant increase in the total apoptosis rate compared to the control. Regarding immunofluorescence, colocalizations between FITC albumin and caveolin-1 were observed in the period of 30 min, 1h, 3h and 24h. Regarding protein expression, a significant increase in GRP78 protein expression was observed within 1 hour of albumin treatment, indicating potential endoplasmic reticulum stress. In the case of the phosphorylated IRE-1 protein, expression increased in 30 min, 1h, 3h and 24h in relation to the control group. In addition, a significant increase in the expression of phosphorylated PKC, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and cleaved caspase-12 proteins was observed at 1h, 3h and 24h after albumin treatment. These latter two parameters were reduced by co-treatment of the cells with SB203580 (10-6 M), a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. These results suggest that caveolin-1 protein plays an important role in the internalization of albumin in podocytes. In addition, albumin induces apoptosis by activating the reticulum stress in these cells, mainly through the PKC / p38MAPK / caspase-12 pathway.

Os receptores toll-like (TLR) reconhecem agentes invasores ou moléculas indicativas de injúria tecidual. Neutrófilos expressam a maioria dos receptores TLR e quando ativados desencadeiam a produção de citocinas e inicia-se o processo inflamatório. A ativação da via de TLR4 promove um aumento do estresse de retículo endoplasmático devido a alta demanda na produção de proteínas, principalmente citocinas e quimiocinas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a resposta neutrofílica ao LPS e a interação das vias de TLR4 e UPR frente a duas condições: a obesidade e o diabetes tipo 2 (GK). Wistar alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica apresentaram um quadro de obesidade com diminuição da sensibilidade a insulina, enquanto animais GK apresentaram todo o fenótipo diabético tipo 2. Neutrófilos de animais GK e HFD produziram menos citocinas e migraram menos para o sítio de inflamação por mecanismos distintos. Por fim, neutrófilos dos grupos GK e HFD mostraram-se resistentes ao LPS por deficiência na via do TLR4. / Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize invading agents or molecules indicative of tissue injury. Neutrophils express most TLR receptors and when activated trigger the production of cytokines and initiate the inflammatory process. Activation of the TLR4 pathway promotes an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress due to high demand in the production of proteins, mainly cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neutrophilic response to LPS and the interaction of the TLR4 and UPR pathways in two different conditions: obesity and type 2 diabetes (GK). HFD fed Wistar rats had a decrease in insulin sensitivity, whereas GK animals had the full type 2 diabetic phenotype. Neutrophils from GK and HFD produced lower cytokines and migrated less to the site of inflammation by different mechanisms. Finally, neutrophils from the GK and HFD groups were resistant to LPS because of deficiency in the TLR4 pathway.

Membrane compartmentalisation allows eukaryotic cells to perform complex processes by combining dedicated sets of proteins in the same organelle. To achieve this, the cell must first target the appropriate proteins, primarily synthesised on cytosolic ribosomes, to the correct subcellular location. Components of the secretory pathway/endomembrane system begin this journey via their signal sequence-dependent delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These ER targeting signals are hydrophobic, and typically function whilst the protein is being synthesised, via a so-called 'co-translational' pathway. However, some hydrophobic signals can also facilitate post-translational protein targeting to the ER, or initiate regulated protein degradation in the cytosol. Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are transmembrane proteins with a single C-terminal transmembrane domain that functions as both their subcellular targeting signal and membrane anchor. Recent evidence suggests that the canonical TRC40 pathway, through which mammalian TA proteins are delivered to the ER, may not be essential in vivo. In this thesis, I provide functional evidence for the existence of an orthologous SRP-independent (SND) pathway in mammalian cells and identify roles for both the signal recognition particle (SRP)-mediated pathway and presumptive mammalian SND pathway in the biogenesis of TA proteins. I conclude that although TRC40 normally plays a role in TA protein biogenesis, it is not essential, and speculate that these alternative pathways make a significant contribution to the apparent redundancy of the TRC40 pathway in vivo. The soluble components that act upstream of TRC40 during protein biogenesis also play an important role in the recognition and selective degradation of hydrophobic membrane and secretory proteins that mislocalise to the cytosol. I now provide preliminary evidence that TRC40 appears to exhibit dual functionality, having a non-essential role in TA protein delivery, whilst also contributing to protein quality control by acting as a putative holdase. My data suggest that both TRC40 and BAG6 can influence the proteasomal degradation of a novel class of substrates, which I have termed the aberrant short secretory proteins.

A fecundação resulta no aumento intracelular de cálcio que é necessário para a transição do oócito até o estádio de zigoto. Os eventos que ocorrem durante esta transição são caracterizados como ativação, sendo estes dependentes de cálcio. Entretanto, os eventos bioquímicos que ocorrem durante a ativação ainda não estão completamente elucidados. A proteína quinase C (PKC) e a proteína quinase dependente de cálcio/calmodulina (CaMKII), por apresentarem atividade durante a fecundação e por serem ativadas por cálcio são implicadas na regulação dos eventos da ativação. Entretanto, existem muitas dúvidas sobre o real papel destas proteínas na ativação do oócito. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o papel da PKC e da CaMKII na ativação de oócitos bovinos. Para tal, oócitos bovinos maturados in vitro foram ativados partenogeneticamente (AP) com cálcio ionóforo A23187 (5&mu;M) por 5 minutos, sendo a retomada da meiose, a organização do citoesqueleto e do retículo endoplasmático (RE) avaliada 1 hora após a ativação. No experimento 1 foi avaliado o papel da CaMKII nestes eventos. Os oócitos foram AP na presença ou ausência de 100M do inibidor de CaMKII (Autocamtide-2 Related Inhibitory Peptide, Myristoylated). A inibição da CaMKII não afetou a retomada da meiose e nem a distribuição dos RE, após a AP. Entretanto, não ocorreu a rotação do fuso meiótico no estádio de telófase II quando a CaMKII foi inibidada. Estes resultados demonstram que embora a CaMKII não tenha efeito na retomada da meiose, esta proteína participa na progressão do ciclo celular de oócitos bovinos, após a AP. No experimento 2 foi avaliado o papel da PKC em oócitos bovinos AP. Os oócitos foram ativados partenogeneticamente na presença ou ausência de 10&mu;M do inibidor de PKC (Bisindolymaleimide I). A inibição da PKC não afetou a retomada da meiose e nem a progressão pelo ciclo celular até o estádio de telófase II. Entretanto, a organização do RE foi afetada pela inibição da PKC. Resultado semelhante foi obtido quando os oócitos foram ativados na presença de citocalasina C, um despolimerizador de filamentos de actina. O presente experimento demonstra a participação da via PKC-actina na organização do RE na ativação de oócitos bovinos. / The intracellular calcium increase resulting from fertilization is necessary for oocyte transition to zygote. The events that occur during this transition are characterized as activation, which are dependent on calcium. However the biochemical events that occur during this activation are still not fully elucidated. The protein kinase C (PKC) and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), are involved in regulating the events of activation, since these proteins have activity during fertilization and are activated by calcium. However there are many doubts about the real role of these proteins in the oocyte activation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of PKC and CaMKII in bovine oocyte activation. For this purpose, in vitro matured bovines oocytes were parthenogenetically activated (PA) by using calcium ionophore A23187 (5&mu;M) for five minutes, and the resumption of meiosis, the cytoskeleton organization and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) organization were evaluated 1 hour post-activation. In experiment 1, were evaluated the role of CaMKII in these events. The oocytes were PA in the presence or absence of 100M of CaMKII inhibitor (Autocamtide-2 Related Inhibitory Peptide, Myristoylated). The inhibition of CaMKII did not affect the meiosis resumption and the ER after the PA. However, there was no spindle rotation at telophase II stage when the CaMKII was inhibited. These results showed that although the CamKII has no effect on resumption of meiosis, it participates in the regulation of cell cycle progression after PA of bovine oocytes. In experiment 2, was evaluated the role of PKC on PA bovine oocytes. The oocytes were parthenogenetically activated in the presence or absence of 10&mu;M of PKC inhibitor (Bisindolymaleimide I). The PKC inhibition did not affected the resumption of meiosis and the progression through the cell cycle until the stage of telophase II. However, the ER organization was affected by PKC inhibition. A similar result was obtained when the oocytes were activated in the presence of cytochalasin C, which promotes the depolymerization of the actin filaments. The current experiment showed the participation of the PKC-actin pathway at the ER organization in the bovine oocytes activation.

O retículo endoplasmático (RE) vem ganhando evidência quando se trata de morte celular. O acúmulo de proteínas mal formadas inicia a ativação da Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), com a finalidade de manter a homeostasia do RE. Porém, quando o estímulo do estresse perdura por muito tempo e não é resolvido, a UPR pode ativar genes que conduzem à morte celular. Hiperglicemia, presente no diabetes mellitus, induz estresse de RE em vários tipos celulares. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o possível envolvimento do estresse do retículo no processo de morte celular em neutrófilos de ratos diabéticos. Nosso estudo revelou que os neutrófilos de ratos diabéticos quando estimulados com PMA apresentam uma maior suscetibilidade à morte devido à ativação de IRE1a e subsequente fosforilação de JNK, redução na interação mitocôndria-RE na MAM e aumento da atividade da caspase-3. Dentre os resultados apresentados, neutrófilos provenientes de animais controle parecem estar protegidos do estresse de RE por apresentar maior expressão de GRP78 e das proteínas da MAM. / Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been gaining evidence when it comes to cell death. The accumulation of unfolded proteins initiates the activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The UPR may resolve the ER stress by upregulating genes responsible to maintain the ER homeostasis; or it can activate genes that lead to the cell death when the ER disbalance is not solved. Hyperglycemia, one of many symptoms observed is Diabetes, may cause ER stress in various types of cells. Thus, this study aims to investigate the possible involvement of the ER stress in the process of cell death in neutrophils from diabetic rats. In summary, our study found that neutrophils from diabetic rats when stimulated with PMA exhibit greater susceptibility to death due to activation of IRE1a and subsequent phosphorylation of JNK, reduced safety in mitochondria-ER interaction in the MAM compartment and increased caspase-3 activation. Control group seems to be protect against the ER stress by ROS production by higher expression of GRP78 and MAM proteins.

Recentemente, verificou-se que diferentes protocolos de overtraining (OT) com mesma carga externa, mas realizados em declive (OTR/down), aclive (OTR/up) e sem inclinação (OTR) levaram ao acúmulo de gordura hepática. Sabe-se que perturbando a homeostase do retículo endoplasmático (ER) ocorre o estresse do RE que também está associada com presença de gordura hepática em modelos animais. Com isso, verificamos os efeitos desses modelos de OT nas proteinas relacionadas ao estresse do RE (BiP, IRE1, PERK, eIF2alpha, ATF6beta, and GRP94), apoptose (CHOP, Caspase-3, 4 and 12, Bax and TRAF2) e inflamação (SAPKJNK and IKK) no fígado de camundongos C57BL/6. Uma vez que o treinamento aeróbio pode diminuir o estresse do RE cardíaco e aumentar a capacidade do exercício, também verificou se a queda de desempenho induzida pelos protocolos de OT estaria relacionada com o estresse do RE e apoptose no coração dos animais. Os animais foram divididos em naive (N, animais sedentários), controle (CT, animais sedentários submetidos as avaliações de desempenho), treinado (TR), OTR/down, OTR/up and OTR. Os testes de rotarod, incremental, exaustivo e força de preensão foram usados para avaliar o desempenho. Trinta e seis horas após o teste de força de preensão, os fígados e corações (ventrículo esquerdo) foram removidos e usados para técnica de immunoblotting. Todos os protocolos de OT levaram a respostas similares em relação aos parâmetros de desempenho e mostraram valores significativamente menores de ATF6beta hepática quando comparados com o grupo N. O grupo OTR/down exibiu valores inferiores de caspase-3 clivada no fígado quando comparado com o grupo CT. As proteínas cardíacas relacionadas ao estresse do RE, apoptose e inflamação não foram moduladas nos grupos experimentais. / Newly, we verified that different running overtraining (OT) protocols with same external load but performed in downhill (OTR/down), uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR), directed to hepatic fat accumulation. Knowing the disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is linked to animal models of fatty liver, we explored the effects of these OT models on the proteins related to ER stress (i.e., BiP, IRE1, PERK, eIF2alpha, ATF6beta, and GRP94), apoptosis (CHOP, Caspase-3, 4 and 12, Bax and TRAF2) and inflammation (SAPKJNK and IKK) in livers of C57BL/6 mice. Because aerobic training can diminish cardiac ER stress and increase exercise capacity, we also verified whether the performance decrease induced by our OT protocols is linked to ER stress and apoptosis in mouse hearts. Rodents were divided into naive (N. sedentary mice), control (CT, sedentary mice submitted to the performance evaluations), trained (TR), OTR/down, OTR/up and OTR groups. Rotarod, incremental load, exhaustive and grip force tests were used to estimate performance. Thirteen six hours after the grip force test, the livers and cardiac muscles (i.e., left ventricle) were removed and used for immunoblotting. All OT protocols led to similar responses of the performance parameters and showed significantly lower values of hepatic ATF6beta compared to the N group. The OTR/down group exhibited inferior values of liver cleaved caspase-3 compared to the CT group. The cardiac proteins related to ER stress and apoptosis were not modulated in the experimental groups.

No description available.

Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) is a protein complex tethering ER and mitochondria. ERMES consists of four core subunits - Mmm1, Mmm2 (Mdm34), Mdm10 and Mdm12. It was first discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and most functional information is based on studies of this organism. ERMES affects mitochondrial distribution and morphology, participates in lipid trafficking and is important for homeostasis of the cell. In Trichomonas vaginalis, the human urogenital parasite, three genes for putative, highly divergent components of ERMES complex were predicted. However, the cell localization of these proteins and their function is unknown. This thesis is focused on investigation of ERMES components in T. vaginalis, their cellular localization, interactions between components and identification of their possible interacting partners.

Au sein du muscle squelettique, le réticulum sarcoplasmique occupe une place essentielle dans la régulation de l’homéostasie calcique et de la contraction musculaire. En particulier, le transporteur calcique SERCA, situé à la membrane du réticulum endoplasmique permet de reconstituer le contenu calcique réticulaire suite à une contraction musculaire. Dans le muscle squelettique, l’activité de SERCA est contrôlée par un peptide inhibiteur spécifique appelé la myoréguline. Nous nous intéressons au rôle du récepteur nucléaire Rev-erb-α, un répresseur de transcription connu pour favoriser la fonction musculaire et dont l’activité peut être modulée par des ligands pharmacologiques. Nos résultats montrent que Rev-erb-α réprime l’expression de la myoréguline en se fixant sur son promoteur, ce qui a pour conséquence l’augmentation de l’activité de SERCA et la hausse du contenu calcique réticulaire. Un traitement avec un agoniste de Rev-erb-α, le SR9009, améliore l’homéostasie calcique et la contractilité musculaire de souris mdx/utr+/-, un modèle de la myopathie de Duchenne. Par ailleurs, le réticulum endoplasmique est le siège de la conformation des protéines de la voie sécrétoire. Des altérations de la conformation protéique provoquent un stress réticulaire et le déclenchement de la réponse aux protéines mal-conformées qui peut conduire jusqu’à l’apoptose. Il est décrit que le stress réticulaire est un phénomène impliqué dans l’activation de la cellule satellite musculaire suite à une blessure. Nous avons établi que Rev-erb-α, en augmentant l’interaction entre le réticulum endoplasmique et la mitochondrie accroit l’activation de la réponse aux protéines mal-conformées et l’apoptose de cellules satellites activées, ce qui pourrait impacter le potentiel de régénération musculaire. En conclusion, nous avons identifié Rev-erb-α comme un modulateur de la fonction du réticulum endoplasmique dans le muscle squelettique. Dans le futur, des thérapies ciblant spécifiquement Rev-erb-α pourraient être développées dans le cadre de pathologies musculaires chez l’Homme. / Within skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays an essential role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis and muscle contraction. In particular, the SERCA transporter, located at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, by pumping calcium from cytosol from reticular lumen, allows the reticular calcium content to be reconstituted following muscle contraction. In skeletal muscle, SERCA activity is controlled by a specific inhibitory peptide called myoregulin. We are interested in the role of the nuclear receptor Rev-erb-α, a transcription repressor known to promote muscle function and whose activity can be modulated by pharmacological ligands. Our results show that Rev-erb-α represses the expression of myoregulin by binding to its promoter, which results in an increase in SERCA activity and an increase in reticular calcium content. Treatment with a Rev-erb-α agonist, SR9009, improves calcium homeostasis and muscle contractility in mdx/utr+/- mice, a model of Duchenne myopathy. In addition, the endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein conformation of the secretory pathway. Alteration in protein conformation causes reticular stress and triggers the unfolded protein response that can lead to apoptosis. It is described that reticular stress is a phenomenon involved in the activation of skeletal muscle satellite cell following an injury. We have established that Rev-erb-α, by increasing the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria enhances the activation of unfolded protein response and apoptosis of activated satellite cells, which could impact the muscle regeneration capacity. In conclusion, we have identified Rev-erb-α as a modulator of endoplasmic reticulum function in skeletal muscle. In the future, specific Rev-erb-α targeting therapies may be developed for human muscle diseases.