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The purpose of this minor field study, and BA-thesis, is to visualize the situation for Rakhine Buddhists and Rakhine Muslims; both through their stories and through analysing Enemy Imaging within the two researched groups. The research questions posed are “What do the informants emphasise regarding their situation pertaining to the conflict and their everyday life” and “To what extent could the image of The Other be called an Enemy Image”. Methods of Thematic Content Analysis and Framing are used to analyse the material and theories of Enemy Imaging and Othering constitute the theoretical base of the study. The analysed material, ten interviews, five with Buddhists and five with Muslims, all identifying as being Rakhine, show that the informants experience feeling threatened and scared as well as to a large extent feeling misunderstood and unfairly treated. There were very few signs of Enemy Imaging among the Muslim group, but far more in the Buddhist group. This thesis calls for further research both within these two groups and extended to other actors identified in the context.

付記する学位プログラム名: 社会を駆動するプラットフォーム学卓越大学院プログラム / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第25317号 / 農博第2583号 / 新制||農||1104(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 北島 薫, 教授 小野田 雄介, 教授 井鷺 裕司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-11T19:20:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria Júnior.pdf: 1243418 bytes, checksum: c97a3d870c80517f1ea1e90781ee3766 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:23:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria Júnior.pdf: 1243418 bytes, checksum: c97a3d870c80517f1ea1e90781ee3766 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria Júnior.pdf: 1243418 bytes, checksum: c97a3d870c80517f1ea1e90781ee3766 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A partir da analise crítica do direito penal do inimigo tal como concebido por Jakobs, destinado aos que deliberadamente por principio e de forma reiterada violam as normas do contrato social chega-se ao processo penal do inimigo o qual nao mereceu tratamento distintivo na tese do citado autor tedesco mas pode ser identificado quando ele propoe a flexibilizaçao ou supressao de garantias processuais. A existencia do processo penal do inimigo que ficou mais nitida em nivel mundial com o recrudescimento do sistema penal após o atentado terrorista às Torres Gêmeas do World Trade Center em Nova Iorque ocorrido no dia 11 de setembro de 2001 afigura-se ainda mais deletéria do que a do "Direito Penal do Inimigo". Não se nega aqui a ocorrência de uma relação instrumental e de uma complementariedade funcional entre o Direito Penal e o Processo Penal constituindo-se o processo como um meio de se atingir os fins previstos no direito material. Todavia, com o fenômeno da "Constitucionalização do Direito" o processo penal para além da realização do direito penal há de ser compreendido como mecanismo de materialização dos direitos e garantias fundamentais reafirmando-se sua instrumentalidade mas agora sob o viés constitucional. Neste prisma à luz do principio da supremacia da Constituição não se pode admitir sob qualquer argumento um "Processo Penal do Inimigo" no qual prevalece a supressão de garantias processuais num modelo de Estado Democrático e de Direito edificado com base no principio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Dessa forma mesmo considerando que os direitos e garantias fundamentais não são absolutos e que a colisão entre eles é bastante comum em um texto constitucional repudia-se a recorrente manipulação do principio da proporcionalidade como forma de atingir a máxima restrição desses direitos. Não obstante não se tenha no Brasil um inimigo específico claramente segmentado e determinado, não se pode olvidar que a escolha dos "inimigos de ocasião" obedece não somente à lógica do linchamento, mas, sobretudo à lógica do linchamento, mas sobretudo à lógica dos detentores do poder. Apresenta-se por fim no panorama nacional, conforme analiticamente comprovado a triste realidade própria de um país de democracia tardia de um precedente uma exceção aos valores e garantias constitucionais tornando-se arbitrariamente regra geral, contaminando o Processo Penal do Cidadão. De sorte que, onquanto não se possa afirmar a existência de um Processo Penal do Inimigo no Brasil também não se pode dizer que exista o que aqui se denominou Processo Penal do Cidadão. Afinal num Estado Democrático de Direito não se pode admitir a existência de ïnimigo" ou "amigo" mas somente a de "culpado" ou "inocente" não se reconhecendo por conseguinte o Processo Penal do Inimigo como Direito. Portanto esse trabalho representa em síntese uma defesa veemente do Direito Processual Penal que só pode ser assim concebido como Constitucional e do Cidadão. / Salvador

This thesis looks at two invisible characters, the Kaernk from Amnesia: The Dark Descent and the Walrider from Outlast, to investigate how these characters are incorporated into and contribute to elements found within survival-horror games, and how their design affects the player. The thesis uses a close-reading methodology adapted for video-games to generate data used to first describe each of the characters and the scenario where they are first encountered, and later analyze and discuss the data, as well as compare the data from each character to one another. The thesis finds that the use of invisible enemies within these two survival-horror games seems to be an effective way to heighten the fear-factor felt by the players of these games, based on theory about horror. The thesis concludes by stating that these two enemies work very well within these two games, partly due to the absence of combat-mechanics, but questions whether the use of invisible enemies would work as well in all survival-horror games, including those with combat-mechanics. This research could be useful as designing and animating enemies in games is both time-consuming and potentially expensive, and if invisible enemies work within certain types of horror games developers could save both time and money when developing these types of games. For future research, this thesis suggests practice-based player studies to verify claims made based on theory, as well as looking at invisible enemies within horror-games featuring combat. / Detta examensarbete kollar på två osynliga fiender, Kaernk från Amnesia: The Dark Descent och Walrider från Outlast, för att undersöka hur dessa fiender är integrerade i och bidrar med de grunderna som finns inom överlevnadsskräck-spel, och hur deras design påverkar spelaren. Examensarbetet använder en närläsning-metod anpassad för dataspel för att skapa data som används för att först beskriva varje karaktär och det scenariot där de först möts, och senare analysera och diskutera datan, samt jämföra datan från varje karaktär med varandra. Examensarbetet finner att användandet av osynliga fiender inom dessa två överlevnadsskräck-spel verkar vara ett effektivt sätt att höja rädslan för spelaren av dessa spel, baserat på teori kring skräck. Examensarbetet drar slutsatsen att dessa två fiender är mycket effektiva inom dessa spel, delvis på grund av brist på stridsmekanik, men ifrågasätter om användandet av osynliga fiender skulle fungera lika bra inom alla överlevnadsskräck-spel, särskilt de med stridsystem. Detta examensarbete kan vara användbart därför att design och animering av fiender inom spel kan vara båda tidskrävande och kostsamt, och om osynliga fiender fungerar lika bra inom vissa typer av skräckspel kan utvecklare spara båda tid och pengar när de utvecklar dessa spel. För framtida forskning, föreslår detta examensarbete praxisbaserade spelar-studier för att verifiera antaganden baserade på teori, samt att kolla på osynliga fiender i skräckspel med stridsmekanik.

Cette thèse retrace les sentiments de soldats français et d’anciens combattants de la Grande Guerre en regard des soldats allemands. Elle se fonde sur des sources orales – témoignages oraux et vidéos –, manuscrites – correspondance, dossiers du contrôle postal –, imprimées – journaux des tranchées, presse nationale, régionale, notices communales, témoignages publiés. L’objectif est de classifier, graduer et évaluer la présence ou non de haine sur un échantillon représentatif des corps, métiers, grades, statuts, origines sociales et géographiques dans l’armée française.Les thématiques abordées inscrivent cette recherche à la confluence de deux champs historiographiques, celui de l’histoire culturelle et de l’histoire militaire, ainsi qu’à l’interface de la psychologie sociale.Il s’agit tout d’abord de présenter la part de l’assimilation culturelle notamment via la presse et la satire, d’étudier l’influence supposée ou réelle de l’éducation scolaire et familiale, sur l’état d’esprit des mobilisés et appelés au moment du départ à la guerre. Ensuite, au travers du conflit, les sentiments des soldats à l’égard de l’ennemi, empreints de fiel et d’animosité au moment des attaques, des prises de prisonniers, de la connaissance des exactions, peuvent se mouvoir par un processus d’identification, de prise en considération ou même de respect pour celui qui partage le même quotidien, et fluctuer tout au long de la belligérance. Ce caractère évolutif peut dénoter une certaine ambigüité et reflète surtout la part d’incertitude, inhérente à l’appréciation des sentiments humains. / This thesis traces back the feelings of French soldiers and First World War veterans towards German soldiers. It is based on oral sources- oral testimonies and videos-, handwritten sources - mail, postal censorship files – and printed sources – trench diaries, national and regional press, municipal records, published testimonies.The aim is to classify, rank, and evaluate the existence of Hate on a representative cohort of corps, occupations, positions, status, social and geographical backgrounds within the French Army.The tackled themes set at the confluence of two distinct historiographic fields, cultural History and military History, are in the meantime interfacing with social psychology.First, the work presents the part of cultural assimilation, mainly via press and satire. It studies the real or assumed influence of schooling or family education on the state of mind of the mobilised men or the conscripts at the time of war departure.Then, throughout the conflict, the feelings towards the Enemy, sometimes appalled and reviled during the attacks, the capture of prisoners, the awareness of exactions, are possibly changing by an identification process, a growing consideration or even respect towards the one who shares the same everyday life, and thus fluctuate all along the war.That evolution may reveal some ambiguity and particularly reflect the part of uncertainty inherent to any human feelings appreciation.

Application of the Decrees of the President of the Republic in the Semily District Existing legal history literature deals, to a considerable extent and in general terms, with the questions of decretal rule-making. On the other hand, it only marginally deals with the practical application of these regulations under specific time and local conditions. One of the most severe regulations of this historical stage of Czechoslovak law was Decree No. 108/1945 Coll. on the confiscation of enemy property. The aim of this work is to describe and analyse the application of this regulation. The description of the practical enforcement of confiscation under this Decree on the example of the municipality of Rokytnice nad Jizerou and its vicinity settled by Germans is to reveal the course and extent to which the practice of the national committees observed the then valid confiscation law. Firstly, it was necessary to focus more extensively on the applied Decree de lege lata. Hence, the first part of the work on the above subject provides a summary of brief regulations which apply to property relations and deals in greater detail with the legislative preparations of Decree No. 108/1945 Coll., its scope of powers and interpretation. The second part of the work directs attention to the characteristic features of confiscation...

Orientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin / Banca: Nádia Cristina de Oliveira / Banca: Luiz Alexandre Nogueira de Sá / Banca: Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa / Resumo: O gênero Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) é originário da Austrália e hospeda várias espécies de insetos da família Psyllidae. Dentre elas, o psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), que é considerada uma das principais pragas introduzidas desta cultura no Brasil e em outros países. O parasitóide Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) é indicado como principal agente no controle biológico desta praga. Devido a sua importância econômica, esse trabalho objetivou estudar as populações de G. brimblecombei e de P. bliteus em floresta de Eucalyptus camaldulensis para determinação de sua distribuição espacial, flutuação populacional, a relação com fatores meteorológicos (temperatura e precipitação), e determinar o índice de parasitismo pós liberação de P. bliteus em campo. O estudo da dinâmica populacional do psilídeo-de-concha e do seu parasitóide foi realizado através da utilização de 53 armadilhas amarelas e da coleta de 53 ramos/avaliação em um talhão de 19 ha com E. camaldulensis em Luiz Antônio, SP, com 42 avaliações, entre janeiro de 2006 a janeiro de 2008. Concluiu-se que as populações de ambas espécies apresentaram distribuição espacial agregada, possuem correlação inversamente proporcional à temperatura, e a precipitação pluviométrica; ocorreu aumento no índice de parasitismo em todos os pontos de liberação de P. bliteus. no período avaliado / Abstract: The genus Eucalyptus is originally from Australia and hosts several species of insects of the family Psylidae. Among them, the red gum lerp psyllid is considered one of the main pests of this crop introduced in Brazil and other countries. However, for the control of phytophagous hemiptera, the treatment with insecticides proved to be expensive and unsustainable. The psylllid specific parasitic wasp Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is indicated as the main biological control agent of this pest. Due to its economic importance, this study aimed to evaluate G. brimblecombei and P. bliteus population in Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations to determine their spatial distribution, population fluctuation with weather interactions (temperature and rainfall), and also to determine parasitism rates in the field after release of P. bliteus. The study of population dynamic of red gum lerp psyllid and its parasitoid (53 traps sampled and 53 branches sampled per sampling dates) was carried out on E. camaldulensis plantations in 19 ha area in Luiz Antônio municipality (SP, Brazil), from January 2006 to January 2008 (42 sampling dates). This research indicated that population of both species noticed especial aggregated distribution, inversely proportional subject to temperature. Besides, was found correlation between both species and rainfall. There was also at measured period an increase in the parasitism rate at all release points of P. bliteus / Doutor