学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第24949号 / 総総博第31号 / 新制||総総||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)教授 池田 裕一, 教授 IALNAZOV Dimiter Savov, 准教授 関山 健, 安橋 正人 (奈良女子大学) / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DFAM

Yes / Undesirable outputs can be challenging to avoid in the production of goods and services, often overlooked. Pollution is generally regarded as a negative externality and is taken into account during the production process. The novelty of this study lies in introducing CO2 as an economic “bad” in the energy sector's efficiency measure through a stochastic data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency model. Unlike pollution and economic goods, where increased production leads to more pollution, CO2 is weakly disposable, meaning that higher CO2 values lead to a decrease in the number of good outputs produced. The study proposes a new stochastic model based on an extension of the cross-efficiency model and applies it to measure the energy efficiency of 32 thermal power plants in Angola in the presence of undesirable outputs. This will help promote better environmental management. The study's findings offer vital policy insights for the energy sector. The introduction of new stochastic models enables more accurate efficiency measurement under uncertain conditions, aiding policymakers in resource allocation decisions. Additionally, the adoption of stochastic cross-efficiency methods enhances performance assessments, facilitating targeted interventions for underperforming units. These findings contribute to evidence-based policymaking, promoting sustainability and competitiveness within the energy sector.

Society is becoming increasingly digitalized and interconnected. This includes the infrastructure and systems that help operate society’s functions. One of the most integral services in our societyis the distribution of power and electricity. Power distribution is confined within the energy sector and is one of several sectors deemed essential for society by the EU. The EU is therefore actively trying to increase the level of cybersecurity within these sectors. The NIS-directive was tried in 2016 but failed to meet expectations. Trying again, the EU released the NIS 2 directive which comes into power at the start of the next year. This study aims to get an early look at the impacts NIS 2 is having on the Swedish energy sector. The aim of the study is being pursued using a qualitative approach where experiences and perceptions from security professionals are being gathered through semi-structured interviews. In total, 10 informants from different energy companies were interviewed, and their views have been analyzed and presented as the result of this work. The results found that the biggest organizational change when implementing NIS 2 seems to bean increased focus and involvement from management in information security questions. And the biggest challenge seems to be ensuring supply chain compliance towards NIS 2. Additionally, it seems like small organizations are lacking the resources necessary to address the new requirements under NIS 2. It is concluded that NIS 2 is having a positive impact on information security work in the Swedish energy sector. Organizations are allocating more resources towards information security management and the level of security seems to be increasing. While NIS 2 seems to be positively received, organizations working with NIS 2 are facing several previously known hurdles of information security management work.

While the energy sector is full of opportunities to make real changes, it is also in crucial need of change itself due to the energy transition, its historical legacy and constantly emerging innovations. At the same time, artificial intelligenceis emerging as a huge opportunity supporting humans in performing tasks and solving complex problems. This qualitative study investigates the opportunities artificial intelligence is offering and deals with the question of how corporate entrepreneurs in the energy industry evaluate those entrepreneurial opportunities. It combines the theories of opportunity evaluation and innovation in regard to artificial intelligence and highlights that one does not go without the other. This is further exemplified by the exploratory multiple case study with empirical data from eleven semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs involved with AI technologies from start-up companies, established businesses, or consultancy firms. Through a thematic analysis, the interlinked themes Drivers of Change, Rule of Regulation and the Value of AI in Driving Change emerged as the three main aspects entrepreneurs assess in the energy industry when evaluating opportunities provided by artificial intelligence. The study reveals that the energy sector needs innovation and a kind of revolution driven by corporate entrepreneurs to tackle the challenges of the energy transition while simultaneously, they need to have a regulatory framework that is enabling them to innovate. Furthermore, corporate entrepreneurs need to support the usage of AI among their workforce to allow innovation and ensure the future viability of their companies. Those entrepreneurs who are using AI discovered a great opportunity, but the technology is only one of many tools that supports them in dealing with the challenges of the energy transition and the historical legacy of the energy sector.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto de Souza Oliveira.pdf: 829463 bytes, checksum: cedc06d34a48cf6b7aa1b457064ce388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-11 / This thesis begins with a systematic analysis of the electrical sector in Brazil and the main risks inherent to such sector. Then, it discusses certain information of the five largest publicly-held electric power distribution companies, based in the State of São Paulo, namely: Bandeirante Energia S.A.; Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz.; Companhia Piratininga de Força e Luz.; Elektro Eletricidade e Serviços S.A.; Eletropaulo Metropolitana Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. It presents all the mandatory disclosure of financial statements under the Brazilian corporate law, as well as those required by the Granting Authority ANEEL, subsequently it presents a collection of indicators for analysis of financial statements, as well as the calculation methodology and interpretation and, finally, it presents a selection of indicators used in the study of five companies. The study is aimed to evaluate the economic and financial performance of these companies during the period from 2000 to 2007, focusing on two distinct stages: (i) the rationing of electricity period that lasted from June 2001 to February 2002, which had a huge impact on the financial statements for such periods, and (ii) the post rationing period, which was impacted by new standards established by the Federal Government in connection with the creation of a new model for the Brazilian energy sector, during the years 2004 and 2005. This thesis uses the evolutionary analysis, which evaluates the development of indicators for each of the five companies, checking the performance of their economic situation, financial performance, profitability and allocation of cash generated and consumed between two thousand and two thousand and seven / Esta dissertação inicia com a descrição da sistemática de funcionamento do setor elétrico no Brasil e os principais riscos inerentes ao setor. A seguir, discorre sobre as informações principais das cinco empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica, de capital aberto, sediadas no Estado de São Paulo, que são: Bandeirante Energia S.A.; Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz; Companhia Piratininga de Força e Luz.; Elektro Eletricidade e Serviços S.A.; Eletropaulo Metropolitana Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. Apresenta todas as demonstrações contábeis de divulgação obrigatória por força da legislação societária Brasileira e aquelas de exigência do poder concedente a ANEEL, na seqüência expõe uma coletânea de indicadores para análise das demonstrações contábeis, assim como a sistemática de cálculos e interpretação e apresenta a seleção destes indicadores utilizados no estudo das cinco empresas. O estudo objetiva avaliar o desempenho econômico e financeiro dessas empresas no período de 2000 a 2007, com ênfase em duas fases distintas: a) O racionamento de energia elétrica que vigorou de junho de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, e impactou fortemente os balanços destes dois exercícios, e b) A fase pós racionamento que foi influenciada pelas normas editadas pelo Governo Federal para a criação de um novo modelo para o Setor Elétrico Brasileiro durante os anos de 2004 e 2005. O método utilizado foi a análise evolutiva, em que se avalia a evolução dos indicadores de cada uma das cinco empresas, verificando o desempenho de sua situação econômica, financeira, rentabilidade e a destinação do caixa gerado e consumido no período de 2000 a 2007

Os procedimentos de licenciamento ambiental (LA) têm sido criticados pelos agentes econômicos, notadamente por aqueles ligados ao setor energético, por entenderem que a agilidade na análise dos processos de viabilidade ambiental de empreendimentos encontra-se aquém ao esperado. Com o objetivo de analisar a interferência de alguns fatores ligados aos procedimentos de LA sobre o tempo total de tramitação dos processos, foi realizada revisão documental de processos que tramitaram no estado de São Paulo, entre 1998 e 2007, para a instalação de usinas termelétricas a gás natural, com potência superior a 10 MW, e que obtiveram a licença ambiental prévia (LP). Foram obtidos dados quantitativos e informações qualitativas que permitiram verificar que os fatores número de solicitações de informações complementares feitas pelos órgãos ambientais ao empreendedor, número de impactos ambientais identificados no estudo de impacto ambiental (EIA) e número de condicionantes constantes na LP expedida não apresentam uma relação com o tempo de tramitação dos processos. Outros fatores como deficiências no estudo ambiental e a inadequação do local proposto à instalação dos empreendimentos, dadas as restrições ambientais, aparentemente apresentam maior interferência sobre os tempos de tramitação. Diante disto, destaca-se a necessidade de, previamente ao licenciamento, serem elaborados estudos específicos voltados à apresentação de alternativas locacionais que considerem critérios ambientais e critérios econômicos com o mesmo nível de importância para a tomada de decisão. Tais estudos, servindo como base de referência para a escolha da melhor localização para instalação de empreendimentos, tendem a reduzir o tempo total de tramitação dos processos de licenciamento. / The procedures for environmental licensing (LA) have been criticized by economic agents, especially by those connected to the energy sector, because they believe that agility on analysis of the processes of enterprises environmental viability is less than what was expected. In order to analyze the interference of some factors related to LA proceedings on proceeding period, the processes documentary review was held and transited in São Paulo State between 1998 and 2007 for the installation of natural gas thermal power plants with emitted preliminary environmental permit (LP) and output exceeding 10 MW. Quantitative data and qualitative information were obtained which allowed the confirmation that the factors number of requests for additional information made by environmental agencies to the enterprise, number of environmental impacts identified in the environmental impact statement (EIA) and number of constraints in the LP emitted have no relation to the proceeding period. Other factors such as shortcomings in the environmental study and inadequate the proposed site for the installation of enterprises, given the environmental restrictions, apparently show greater interference on the proceeding period. So, there is a necessity, prior to licensing, of being drawn up specific studies focused on the presentation of located alternatives to consider environmental and economic issues with the same level of importance for the decision. Such studies, serving as point of reference for choosing the best location for setting up of enterprises tend to reduce the proceeding period of the licensing processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Nenhuma / Analisa-se neste trabalho o disclosure da carga tributária nas Demonstrações Contábeis publicadas em 31/12/2006, por uma amostra de companhias do setor de energia elétrica, listadas nas Maiores e Melhores da revista exame, edição de 2007. Os dados foram coletados no balanço patrimonial, demonstração de resultado do exercício, notas explicativas, demonstração do valor adicionado, demonstração dos fluxos de caixa, demonstração das mutações do patrimônio líquido, demonstração das origens e aplicações de recursos, demonstração do resultado por atividade, demonstrações estas divulgadas na página web da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). A metodologia da pesquisa utilizada consistiu em um procedimento de pesquisa documental, com abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa. Apurou-se que no cenário do setor de energia elétrica no Brasil, as informações tributárias são pouco evidenciadas não sendo divulgados, de forma separada ou aberta, os dados relativos aos tributos e encargos do setor. Ao todo foram analisadas as dem / This research aims to analyze the disclosure of the tax burden in the Financial Statements published in Dec 31st 2006 by a sample of companies in the sector of electric energy, listed in the Maiores e Melhores of Exame magazine, 2007 edition. Data were collected in the balance sheet, in the income statement for the year, notes, demonstration of the value added, statement of the cash flows and of changes in equity, demonstration of the origins and application of resources demonstration of the result by activity, which were disclosed on the webpage of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). The research methodology consisted of a procedure of documentary research, with qualitative and quantitative approach. It was found that in the scenario of the sector of electric energy in Brazil the tributary information are little evidenced, being not disclosed, in isolation or open, data concerning the taxes and charges of the sector. Overall the statements of 17 companies in the sector of electric energy in Brazil wer

Submitted by Vanessa Nunes (vnunes@unisinos.br) on 2015-03-21T13:38:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MoisesCentenaro.pdf: 7910070 bytes, checksum: 4a273108fb19f551c0fd034e4b036aec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-21T13:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MoisesCentenaro.pdf: 7910070 bytes, checksum: 4a273108fb19f551c0fd034e4b036aec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-17 / Nenhuma / A era da globalização é representada pela busca de mercados consumidores e fornecedores em escala global, tendo como objetivo o crescimento e expansão empresarial através de oportunidades mais lucrativas em novos mercados e produtos. Empresas de diversos países tem se interessado pelo setor sucroenergético, e me smo sem ter conhecimento prévio, compram usinas e aprendem com as tecnologias brasil eiras. O Brasil é pioneiro no desenvolvimento de tecnologia na produção de açúcar , etanol e na cogeração de energia elétrica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever as motivações e o processo de entrada das empresas via investimentos externos diretos (IDE) no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, identificando as mudanças ocorridas após a entrada de grupos internacionais no setor sucroenergético e analisar as estratégias de entrada adotada pelas empresas multinacionais. A pesquisa descreve a internacionalização de usinas sucroenergéticas instaladas no MS, apresentado conceitos teóricos, visando entender qual teoria exerce maior influência no processo de internacionalização de usinas sucroenergéticas. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa e descritiva através de análise de três casos envolvendo usinas com participação societária superior a 50% de capital internacional e com entrada via IDE. Foram entrevistados gerentes industriais e diretor de usinas, fornecedores de cana e arrendatários de terra, além de representante da associação de produtores de bioenergia de MS, representantes do executivo municipal onde as usinas estão instaladas e da Secretária de Estado do Governo do MS, responsável pelas políticas do setor sucroenergético. Foram utilizados dados secundários disponibilizados por órgãos representativos do setor e órgãos oficiais de divulgação de informações agropecuária e industriais. O trabalho apresenta a expansão do setor no Estado de MS e as mudanças sociais, ambientais e econômicas dos municípios onde estão inseridas as usinas. Foram identificadas as principais motivações para o IDE, tais como: custo das terras e grande disponibilidade de áreas, produtividades superior a outras regiões com tradição da cana no país, relevo e solo propícios para o cultivo e mecanização, localização próxima aos grandes centros consumidores, mudanças ocorridas no setor após a entrada de grupos internacionais e as estratégias de entrada no setor sucroenergético de MS. O estudo é finalizado com a identificação das tendências para o setor sucroenergético e algumas sugestões para novos estudos neste campo de pesquisa. / The era of globalization is represented by the global search for suppliers and consumer markets, having as goal to reach business growth and expansion through more profitable opportunities in new markets and products. Companies from various countries have been interested in the sugar-energy sector. Even without prior knowledge, they invest in industrial plants and learn from Brazilian technology. Brazil is a pioneer in technology development for ethanol and sugarcane production, besides power cogeneration. The aim of this research is to describe the motivations and companies entry process through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) region, identifying the changes occurred after the entry of international groups in the sugarcane industry, and also to analyze the entry strategies adopted by those multinational companies. The research describes the plants’ internationalization process in MS, presenting theoretical concepts, seeking to understand which theory has more influence in the internalization process of sugar-energy industry. The methodology was qualitative and descriptive, through the analysis of three cases of sugar- energy plants, those with equity exceeding 50% of international capital and that entry into Brazil through FDI process. Data were collected through interviews with industries directors and managers, suppliers and landleaseholders, as well as the Association representing the MS bioenergy producers. The representatives of the municipal executive power (were the plants are installed) and the Government State Secretary, responsible for sector policies, were also interviewed. Furthermore, secondary data provided by industry and agricultural oficial agencies were analyzed. The paper then presents the expansion of the sugar-energy sector in MS State, identifying social, environmental and economic contributions for the municipalities where the industrial sugarcane plants are located. We identified the main motivations for FDI, such as low costs of lands, large areas availability, higher production rates (than other sugarcane regions in Brazil), with soil and relief characteristics that are suitable for mechanized cultivation. The MS State has also a privileged location, close to major consumers’ centers. The study is concluded with the identification of trends for the sugar- energy sector and some suggestions for further resenarch.

<p>A study has been conducted to assess the possibilities to introduce dead cattle organs as the raw material for biogas generation at the rural household level in Bangladesh. At the same time, the present energy situation in Bangladesh is highlighted. The actors in the energy sector have been identified. The energy policy of Bangladesh is not transparent and there seems to be no energy strategy for the country. Possibilities of other renewable sources of energy are also discussed. Biomass fuels comprise the main source of energy for the rural people and the major share of energy use is consumed after cooking and household lightning. Enormous amount of labor is spent in gathering and collecting of fuel wood and agricultural residues that reduces productivity among women and young children. Besides, biogas is generated from agricultural residues and animal excreta in Bangladesh. Tremendous pressure on rural forests for fuel wood is increasing and environmental degradation is occurring. Agricultural lands are losing vital nutrients as people are using crop residues and animal excreta for energy. Under present condition, the possibilities of adopting biogas technology and dead cattle organs as the raw materials to generate biogas is analyzed in terms of availability of the raw material. Sustainable development using biogas is also considered. And lastly, some recommendation is suggested, based on the current energy situation of Bangladesh.</p>

A study has been conducted to assess the possibilities to introduce dead cattle organs as the raw material for biogas generation at the rural household level in Bangladesh. At the same time, the present energy situation in Bangladesh is highlighted. The actors in the energy sector have been identified. The energy policy of Bangladesh is not transparent and there seems to be no energy strategy for the country. Possibilities of other renewable sources of energy are also discussed. Biomass fuels comprise the main source of energy for the rural people and the major share of energy use is consumed after cooking and household lightning. Enormous amount of labor is spent in gathering and collecting of fuel wood and agricultural residues that reduces productivity among women and young children. Besides, biogas is generated from agricultural residues and animal excreta in Bangladesh. Tremendous pressure on rural forests for fuel wood is increasing and environmental degradation is occurring. Agricultural lands are losing vital nutrients as people are using crop residues and animal excreta for energy. Under present condition, the possibilities of adopting biogas technology and dead cattle organs as the raw materials to generate biogas is analyzed in terms of availability of the raw material. Sustainable development using biogas is also considered. And lastly, some recommendation is suggested, based on the current energy situation of Bangladesh.