学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第24949号 / 総総博第31号 / 新制||総総||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)教授 池田 裕一, 教授 IALNAZOV Dimiter Savov, 准教授 関山 健, 安橋 正人 (奈良女子大学) / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DFAM

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto de Souza Oliveira.pdf: 829463 bytes, checksum: cedc06d34a48cf6b7aa1b457064ce388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-11 / This thesis begins with a systematic analysis of the electrical sector in Brazil and the main risks inherent to such sector. Then, it discusses certain information of the five largest publicly-held electric power distribution companies, based in the State of São Paulo, namely: Bandeirante Energia S.A.; Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz.; Companhia Piratininga de Força e Luz.; Elektro Eletricidade e Serviços S.A.; Eletropaulo Metropolitana Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. It presents all the mandatory disclosure of financial statements under the Brazilian corporate law, as well as those required by the Granting Authority ANEEL, subsequently it presents a collection of indicators for analysis of financial statements, as well as the calculation methodology and interpretation and, finally, it presents a selection of indicators used in the study of five companies. The study is aimed to evaluate the economic and financial performance of these companies during the period from 2000 to 2007, focusing on two distinct stages: (i) the rationing of electricity period that lasted from June 2001 to February 2002, which had a huge impact on the financial statements for such periods, and (ii) the post rationing period, which was impacted by new standards established by the Federal Government in connection with the creation of a new model for the Brazilian energy sector, during the years 2004 and 2005. This thesis uses the evolutionary analysis, which evaluates the development of indicators for each of the five companies, checking the performance of their economic situation, financial performance, profitability and allocation of cash generated and consumed between two thousand and two thousand and seven / Esta dissertação inicia com a descrição da sistemática de funcionamento do setor elétrico no Brasil e os principais riscos inerentes ao setor. A seguir, discorre sobre as informações principais das cinco empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica, de capital aberto, sediadas no Estado de São Paulo, que são: Bandeirante Energia S.A.; Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz; Companhia Piratininga de Força e Luz.; Elektro Eletricidade e Serviços S.A.; Eletropaulo Metropolitana Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. Apresenta todas as demonstrações contábeis de divulgação obrigatória por força da legislação societária Brasileira e aquelas de exigência do poder concedente a ANEEL, na seqüência expõe uma coletânea de indicadores para análise das demonstrações contábeis, assim como a sistemática de cálculos e interpretação e apresenta a seleção destes indicadores utilizados no estudo das cinco empresas. O estudo objetiva avaliar o desempenho econômico e financeiro dessas empresas no período de 2000 a 2007, com ênfase em duas fases distintas: a) O racionamento de energia elétrica que vigorou de junho de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, e impactou fortemente os balanços destes dois exercícios, e b) A fase pós racionamento que foi influenciada pelas normas editadas pelo Governo Federal para a criação de um novo modelo para o Setor Elétrico Brasileiro durante os anos de 2004 e 2005. O método utilizado foi a análise evolutiva, em que se avalia a evolução dos indicadores de cada uma das cinco empresas, verificando o desempenho de sua situação econômica, financeira, rentabilidade e a destinação do caixa gerado e consumido no período de 2000 a 2007

Os procedimentos de licenciamento ambiental (LA) têm sido criticados pelos agentes econômicos, notadamente por aqueles ligados ao setor energético, por entenderem que a agilidade na análise dos processos de viabilidade ambiental de empreendimentos encontra-se aquém ao esperado. Com o objetivo de analisar a interferência de alguns fatores ligados aos procedimentos de LA sobre o tempo total de tramitação dos processos, foi realizada revisão documental de processos que tramitaram no estado de São Paulo, entre 1998 e 2007, para a instalação de usinas termelétricas a gás natural, com potência superior a 10 MW, e que obtiveram a licença ambiental prévia (LP). Foram obtidos dados quantitativos e informações qualitativas que permitiram verificar que os fatores número de solicitações de informações complementares feitas pelos órgãos ambientais ao empreendedor, número de impactos ambientais identificados no estudo de impacto ambiental (EIA) e número de condicionantes constantes na LP expedida não apresentam uma relação com o tempo de tramitação dos processos. Outros fatores como deficiências no estudo ambiental e a inadequação do local proposto à instalação dos empreendimentos, dadas as restrições ambientais, aparentemente apresentam maior interferência sobre os tempos de tramitação. Diante disto, destaca-se a necessidade de, previamente ao licenciamento, serem elaborados estudos específicos voltados à apresentação de alternativas locacionais que considerem critérios ambientais e critérios econômicos com o mesmo nível de importância para a tomada de decisão. Tais estudos, servindo como base de referência para a escolha da melhor localização para instalação de empreendimentos, tendem a reduzir o tempo total de tramitação dos processos de licenciamento. / The procedures for environmental licensing (LA) have been criticized by economic agents, especially by those connected to the energy sector, because they believe that agility on analysis of the processes of enterprises environmental viability is less than what was expected. In order to analyze the interference of some factors related to LA proceedings on proceeding period, the processes documentary review was held and transited in São Paulo State between 1998 and 2007 for the installation of natural gas thermal power plants with emitted preliminary environmental permit (LP) and output exceeding 10 MW. Quantitative data and qualitative information were obtained which allowed the confirmation that the factors number of requests for additional information made by environmental agencies to the enterprise, number of environmental impacts identified in the environmental impact statement (EIA) and number of constraints in the LP emitted have no relation to the proceeding period. Other factors such as shortcomings in the environmental study and inadequate the proposed site for the installation of enterprises, given the environmental restrictions, apparently show greater interference on the proceeding period. So, there is a necessity, prior to licensing, of being drawn up specific studies focused on the presentation of located alternatives to consider environmental and economic issues with the same level of importance for the decision. Such studies, serving as point of reference for choosing the best location for setting up of enterprises tend to reduce the proceeding period of the licensing processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Nenhuma / Analisa-se neste trabalho o disclosure da carga tributária nas Demonstrações Contábeis publicadas em 31/12/2006, por uma amostra de companhias do setor de energia elétrica, listadas nas Maiores e Melhores da revista exame, edição de 2007. Os dados foram coletados no balanço patrimonial, demonstração de resultado do exercício, notas explicativas, demonstração do valor adicionado, demonstração dos fluxos de caixa, demonstração das mutações do patrimônio líquido, demonstração das origens e aplicações de recursos, demonstração do resultado por atividade, demonstrações estas divulgadas na página web da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). A metodologia da pesquisa utilizada consistiu em um procedimento de pesquisa documental, com abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa. Apurou-se que no cenário do setor de energia elétrica no Brasil, as informações tributárias são pouco evidenciadas não sendo divulgados, de forma separada ou aberta, os dados relativos aos tributos e encargos do setor. Ao todo foram analisadas as dem / This research aims to analyze the disclosure of the tax burden in the Financial Statements published in Dec 31st 2006 by a sample of companies in the sector of electric energy, listed in the Maiores e Melhores of Exame magazine, 2007 edition. Data were collected in the balance sheet, in the income statement for the year, notes, demonstration of the value added, statement of the cash flows and of changes in equity, demonstration of the origins and application of resources demonstration of the result by activity, which were disclosed on the webpage of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). The research methodology consisted of a procedure of documentary research, with qualitative and quantitative approach. It was found that in the scenario of the sector of electric energy in Brazil the tributary information are little evidenced, being not disclosed, in isolation or open, data concerning the taxes and charges of the sector. Overall the statements of 17 companies in the sector of electric energy in Brazil wer

Submitted by Vanessa Nunes (vnunes@unisinos.br) on 2015-03-21T13:38:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MoisesCentenaro.pdf: 7910070 bytes, checksum: 4a273108fb19f551c0fd034e4b036aec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-21T13:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MoisesCentenaro.pdf: 7910070 bytes, checksum: 4a273108fb19f551c0fd034e4b036aec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-17 / Nenhuma / A era da globalização é representada pela busca de mercados consumidores e fornecedores em escala global, tendo como objetivo o crescimento e expansão empresarial através de oportunidades mais lucrativas em novos mercados e produtos. Empresas de diversos países tem se interessado pelo setor sucroenergético, e me smo sem ter conhecimento prévio, compram usinas e aprendem com as tecnologias brasil eiras. O Brasil é pioneiro no desenvolvimento de tecnologia na produção de açúcar , etanol e na cogeração de energia elétrica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever as motivações e o processo de entrada das empresas via investimentos externos diretos (IDE) no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, identificando as mudanças ocorridas após a entrada de grupos internacionais no setor sucroenergético e analisar as estratégias de entrada adotada pelas empresas multinacionais. A pesquisa descreve a internacionalização de usinas sucroenergéticas instaladas no MS, apresentado conceitos teóricos, visando entender qual teoria exerce maior influência no processo de internacionalização de usinas sucroenergéticas. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa e descritiva através de análise de três casos envolvendo usinas com participação societária superior a 50% de capital internacional e com entrada via IDE. Foram entrevistados gerentes industriais e diretor de usinas, fornecedores de cana e arrendatários de terra, além de representante da associação de produtores de bioenergia de MS, representantes do executivo municipal onde as usinas estão instaladas e da Secretária de Estado do Governo do MS, responsável pelas políticas do setor sucroenergético. Foram utilizados dados secundários disponibilizados por órgãos representativos do setor e órgãos oficiais de divulgação de informações agropecuária e industriais. O trabalho apresenta a expansão do setor no Estado de MS e as mudanças sociais, ambientais e econômicas dos municípios onde estão inseridas as usinas. Foram identificadas as principais motivações para o IDE, tais como: custo das terras e grande disponibilidade de áreas, produtividades superior a outras regiões com tradição da cana no país, relevo e solo propícios para o cultivo e mecanização, localização próxima aos grandes centros consumidores, mudanças ocorridas no setor após a entrada de grupos internacionais e as estratégias de entrada no setor sucroenergético de MS. O estudo é finalizado com a identificação das tendências para o setor sucroenergético e algumas sugestões para novos estudos neste campo de pesquisa. / The era of globalization is represented by the global search for suppliers and consumer markets, having as goal to reach business growth and expansion through more profitable opportunities in new markets and products. Companies from various countries have been interested in the sugar-energy sector. Even without prior knowledge, they invest in industrial plants and learn from Brazilian technology. Brazil is a pioneer in technology development for ethanol and sugarcane production, besides power cogeneration. The aim of this research is to describe the motivations and companies entry process through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) region, identifying the changes occurred after the entry of international groups in the sugarcane industry, and also to analyze the entry strategies adopted by those multinational companies. The research describes the plants’ internationalization process in MS, presenting theoretical concepts, seeking to understand which theory has more influence in the internalization process of sugar-energy industry. The methodology was qualitative and descriptive, through the analysis of three cases of sugar- energy plants, those with equity exceeding 50% of international capital and that entry into Brazil through FDI process. Data were collected through interviews with industries directors and managers, suppliers and landleaseholders, as well as the Association representing the MS bioenergy producers. The representatives of the municipal executive power (were the plants are installed) and the Government State Secretary, responsible for sector policies, were also interviewed. Furthermore, secondary data provided by industry and agricultural oficial agencies were analyzed. The paper then presents the expansion of the sugar-energy sector in MS State, identifying social, environmental and economic contributions for the municipalities where the industrial sugarcane plants are located. We identified the main motivations for FDI, such as low costs of lands, large areas availability, higher production rates (than other sugarcane regions in Brazil), with soil and relief characteristics that are suitable for mechanized cultivation. The MS State has also a privileged location, close to major consumers’ centers. The study is concluded with the identification of trends for the sugar- energy sector and some suggestions for further resenarch.

<p>A study has been conducted to assess the possibilities to introduce dead cattle organs as the raw material for biogas generation at the rural household level in Bangladesh. At the same time, the present energy situation in Bangladesh is highlighted. The actors in the energy sector have been identified. The energy policy of Bangladesh is not transparent and there seems to be no energy strategy for the country. Possibilities of other renewable sources of energy are also discussed. Biomass fuels comprise the main source of energy for the rural people and the major share of energy use is consumed after cooking and household lightning. Enormous amount of labor is spent in gathering and collecting of fuel wood and agricultural residues that reduces productivity among women and young children. Besides, biogas is generated from agricultural residues and animal excreta in Bangladesh. Tremendous pressure on rural forests for fuel wood is increasing and environmental degradation is occurring. Agricultural lands are losing vital nutrients as people are using crop residues and animal excreta for energy. Under present condition, the possibilities of adopting biogas technology and dead cattle organs as the raw materials to generate biogas is analyzed in terms of availability of the raw material. Sustainable development using biogas is also considered. And lastly, some recommendation is suggested, based on the current energy situation of Bangladesh.</p>

A study has been conducted to assess the possibilities to introduce dead cattle organs as the raw material for biogas generation at the rural household level in Bangladesh. At the same time, the present energy situation in Bangladesh is highlighted. The actors in the energy sector have been identified. The energy policy of Bangladesh is not transparent and there seems to be no energy strategy for the country. Possibilities of other renewable sources of energy are also discussed. Biomass fuels comprise the main source of energy for the rural people and the major share of energy use is consumed after cooking and household lightning. Enormous amount of labor is spent in gathering and collecting of fuel wood and agricultural residues that reduces productivity among women and young children. Besides, biogas is generated from agricultural residues and animal excreta in Bangladesh. Tremendous pressure on rural forests for fuel wood is increasing and environmental degradation is occurring. Agricultural lands are losing vital nutrients as people are using crop residues and animal excreta for energy. Under present condition, the possibilities of adopting biogas technology and dead cattle organs as the raw materials to generate biogas is analyzed in terms of availability of the raw material. Sustainable development using biogas is also considered. And lastly, some recommendation is suggested, based on the current energy situation of Bangladesh.

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and sustainability are inextricably linked. SEA can be used to assess the sustainability impacts of plan, program and policy (PPP) initiatives, inform decision-making with regard to sustainability issues and promote the trickle down of sustainability principles to project level assessment, among others. However, in terms of energy sector practice in particular, SEA application is neither well applied nor understood, there has been insufficient evidence of the operationalization of sustainability in SEA and little research showing how SEA might provide a systematic framework for the integration of sustainability principles. As a result, this thesis examines the relationship between SEA and sustainability, with the goal of understanding how sustainability principles and criteria can be integrated and operationalized in the development of energy futures. The thesis chapters are manuscript based. The first manuscript presents a literature review of ten years of academic research examining how SEA facilitates the integration of sustainability in PPP development decision making, while the second and third manuscripts focus on a ‘state of practice’ examination of SEA application and sustainability integration in international electricity sector case practice. The fourth manuscript applies a structured SEA framework that operationalizes sustainability principles using an expert-based assessment of alternative future scenarios for electricity development in Saskatchewan, along with an examination of implications for both electricity sector practice and SEA methodology. Finally, the conclusion discusses the major findings from the four manuscripts and identifies challenges for the operationalization of sustainability, the adoption of good-practice SEA elements in practice and makes recommendations for future SEA guidance and academic research. Overall, the lack of operationalization of sustainability in energy sector SEA suggests the need for improved SEA methodology and guidance that describes the scope of and approaches to sustainability in SEA and outlines how to effectively incorporate sustainability in SEA practice. In order for SEA to deliver on its sustainability mandate, impact assessment methodologies that allow for clarification of both the concept of sustainability and the uncertainty surrounding higher level policy, plan and program (PPP) decision-making need to be developed and more widely adopted. Lessons learned from practice that describe the appropriate use of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies also need to be better disseminated and shared amongst the SEA research and practitioner community. However, results from this research also illustrate that there is still inconsistent application of SEA processes, which likely stems from uncertainty and confusion on behalf of practitioners and decision-makers as to what the role and purpose of SEA is in PPP development. More case-practice evidence of SEA application is needed that demonstrates the purpose and benefits of SEA for sustainability in a variety of decision-making contexts. Evidence from this research also shows that tiering, both upward to higher PPP levels and downward to the project level, is occurring in some electricity sector SEAs. That SEA outcomes are potentially tiering upward to influence the development of legislation is a finding that counters the often-cited notion that tiering in SEA is idealistic. This research indicates the need for additional focus on institutional arrangements that allow for SEA application to effectively inform and influence PPP decision-making in support of sustainability. The need for SEA as a higher order assessment process to capture regional and strategic impacts is becoming increasingly important in light of current federal legislation that eliminates environmental impact assessment requirements for many small-scale projects. However, although SEA emerged, in part, to inform and direct decisions made at the project level, the link between SEA, sustainability and operational decisions still remains elusive in practice.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama kaip vyksta AEI politikos įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje , kuris lyginamas Švedijos Karalystės AEI politikos kontekste, akcentuojant, biomasės išteklių panaudojimą energetikoje, šios srities gerosios praktikos pavyzdžius, teisinį reglamentavimą, ypatingai pažymima darnios plėtros koncepcijos, Europos Sąjungos vykdomos energetikos politikos įtaka AEI politikos įgyvendinimui. Darbe, siekiama išanalizuoti AEI politikos įgyvendinimą Lietuvoje ir Švedijoje išskiriant biomasės panaudojimo aspektą. Tai įgyvendinama: apibrėžiant svarbiausias sąvokas susijusias su analizuojamo darbo tema bei palyginant Lietuvos ir Švedijos energetikos sektoriaus valdymą; išskiriant viešosios politikos veiklos instrumentus bei jų panaudojimą analizuojamose valstybėse; palyginant esminius atsinaujinančios energetikos politikos niuansus, per biomasės panaudojimo prizmę Lietuvoje ir Švedijoje ir pateikiant gerosios praktikos pavyzdžius naudingus efektyvesnei AEI plėtrai ateityje; analizuojant Europos Sąjungos, Darnios plėtros bei regioninės politikos įtaką energetikos politikos įgyvendinimui, nustatant strateginio planavimo svarbą atsinaujinančios energetikos plėtrai. Taip pat, pateikiama susisteminta, apibendrinta darbo temos analizė vertinant Lietuvoje įgyvendinamą AEI politiką Švedijos kontekste ir siūlomos rekomendacijos. / Master's thesis analyzes how the policy of Renewable energy recources is implementing in Lithuania, which is compared with example of Sweden‘s Renewable energy policy framework, emphasizing the use of biomass resources for energy. The paper aims to analyze the Renewable energy resources policies in Lithuania and Sweden with special Focus on biomass use of energy aspect. This is implemented: with defining the key concepts related to the theme; analyzed Lithuanian and Swedish energy sectors; selected intstruments of public policy and analyzed their use for the countries under discussion; by comparing the essential nuances of the renewable energy policy through biomass prism of Lithuania and Sweden, and providing examples of good practice which are useful for the future development of more effective energy policy; analysed European Union, sustainable development, regional policy and strategių planning impact for policy implementation of renewable energy resources. Also, there is a systematic summary of the topic analysis of the Renewable policy implementation in Lithuania and Sweden and the proposed recommendations.

During my years as a Cabinet Minister in New Zealand, the relationship between a Minister and his key officials was strongly modelled on the Westminster system as then applied in Britain. As in Britain, the ministers were the product of the political and parliamentary processes. The leader of the political party with the majority in the House was called upon by the Queen's representative (our Governor General) to form the new Government. All Ministerial appointees were necessarily chosen entirely from members then in Parliament. As in Britain, also, the key officials to serve each Minister in their portfolios were provided by the career Public Service, the long-serving body of officials who were there to advise and manage the system for successive governments. The Minister did not choose his departmental head, nor did that departmental head choose his minister. There were many assumptions inherited from the past which helped to make the relationship work. Policy decisions were shaped by the Minister representing the political side of the equation. Execution and management was carried out by the head official, responsible for the operation of the bureaucratic machine he headed. In explaining my thesis message - "Managing Change as a Minister of the Crown" - a very strong autobiographical dimension to my experience and comments is inevitable. In the political setting, the relationship between Minister and Head of Department, though a key factor, is but one of many. All change affects many people - some positively and beneficially, and some the reverse. The effects of change can be anticipated rather than actually felt. Perceptions can sometimes become bigger problems to manage than realised consequences. Change in politics invariably reaches out far beyond those obviously and directly affected. Handling change therefore involves making plans for how one can best point the change in a forward-looking and constructive way, and put a socially positive spin on one's efforts and the outcome. If one's efforts are done openly, and one's arguments are well founded, real progress can be made. One of life's constants is change itself. It affects us all in some measure. In communities categorized as "developed", it can be particularly fast and sweeping. This means, inevitably, that the forms of its infrastructures - from public services to business enterprises - which enable society and the economy to function effectively must adapt, and constructively, to those changes. From my experience, in facing a variety of problems calling for change in handling portfolio responsibilities, I have found every case is different from the others, and each solution had to be shaped to meet the characteristics of that particular case. The only common denominator I would call the "people factor". Compounding the challenge, that "people factor" had to be fashioned as appropriate for the personalities with whom I was working, and the characteristics of the problem being addressed. I did, however, find that there were some common fundamentals in the "people factor" which I address in my conclusion. They helped facilitate co-operation in managing change.