Rural areas continue to be home to the majority of the population in Africa. The importance of providing modern energy to rural areas cannot, therefore, be overemphasized.  No wonder that at presently the major energy resource in Mozambique is fuel wood biomass. Total population is estimated to be 25 million and more than 80% of the energy consumed in the country comes from fuel wood biomass. The energy from the main grid covers about 45.3% of Mozambican population which 26.8% comes from the National Grid and the remaining 18.5% from renewables and other sources. People outside the grid are mainly those living in rural and suburban areas. For most rural households in the region, biomass fuels continue to be the dominant fuel of choice. The present document suggests possible options that could have greater impact on rural clean energy development. Such options could be Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal energy, Wind and Micro- hydropower for pumping water or electricity generator and Biofuels. These energy options are receiving adequate attention from policy makers and are improving rural life. These are useful Renewable Energy sources available in the rural areas since they can supply reliable, relatively cost-effective electricity for basic needs in developing countries. They can be used to improve the lives of people in many ways, including supplying clean electricity to light homes, hospitals, schools, small shops, and other infrastructures, pumping water, etc. For example, using the natural resource of wind, sunlight, rivers and Jatropha plants can improve the lives of many people in general and those in rural areas in particular. This paper aims to describe and discuss the present status of renewable energy technologies in developing countries (case of Mozambique), to define the plausible ways for expanding rural electrification and improving the life conditions for the rural population.

Sverige står inför en stor omställning inom energisektorn. Det finns mål om mycket mer förnybar energi som kräver mer kraftanläggningar de kommande åren. Men redan nu har många anläggningar för förnybar kraft kommit till. En del i det har varit de kooperativa energiföretagen som detta arbetet kommer fördjupa sig inom. Mer specifikt kommer det att undersökas vad medlemmar i kooperativen får ut ekonomiskt av sina medlemskap. Detta sker genom att primärt undersöka avkastningen på eget kapital. Mer forskning om kooperation är också efterfrågat av såväl företagsledare som akademin, som båda anser att kooperationen är negligerad inom forskningen. 39 ekonomiska föreningar inom energibranschen ingick i denna studien. Begränsning skedde till dem som är registrerade som arbetsgivare. Föreningarnas avkastning på eget kapital har tagits fram som helhet och vidare undersöks faktorer som påverkar avkastningen. Faktorerna har tagit fram med hjälp av resursbaserad teori och kan vara egenskaper hos företag eller vissa bolagstyper. En kvantitativ metod har använts där främst hypotesprövning har använts. Undersökningen kom fram till några faktorer som påverkar avkastningen och ett par faktorer som inte riktigt klarar kraven som våra metoder kräver, men som är nära att göra det. Medlemsengagemang som resurs ökar avkastningen på eget kapital och minskar personalkostnaderna. Engagemanget minskar dock desto större kooperativet blir. Vindkraftskooperativ är vidare mer lönsamma ju äldre kraftverk dem har. I övrigt kan noteras att signifikanta resultat är nära för att elhandelsföretag och fjärrvärmeproducenter är mer lönsamma än övriga kooperativa energiföretag med personal. / Sweden is approaching a major change within its energy sector. There are goals for renewable energy that requires the construction of more facilities Although, a lot of facilities for renewable energy have already been constructed. Which the cooperative energy companies have been a part of, which this paper will focus on. More specifically, this paper will examine their members' financial gains from their memberships. This has been conducted primarily by looking at return on equity. More studies about cooperatives is requested by both corporate leaders and academics who both agree that cooperatives are neglected in research. 39 cooperatives from the energy sector were included in this study. The study was limited to those who were registered as employers. The cooperative companies return on equity was calculated as a whole and thereafter the factors which had an effect on it were examined. The factors were picked with the help of a resource based view and could for example be a company's properties or type of company. A quantitative method has been used with hypothesis testing. This paper concludes that some factors affect the return on equity and two other factors were on the verge of affecting it, but did not pass the requirements that our methods demanded. The members' engagement as a resource increases both the return on equity and decreases personnel costs. However, the engagement becomes lower the larger the cooperative becomes. Moreover, the windpower cooperatives had higher returns the older their plants were. Also, we noticed that companies within electricity trading and district heating are close to receiving significant levels regarding their companies being more profitable than the other cooperative energy companies who were registered as employers.

Blockchain is described as having endless theoretical potential. In reality however, it is hard toestablish how blockchain can be utilized and what opportunities blockchain may create. Theunclear future of blockchain constitutes a challenge for many companies. Many large incumbentsare uncertain of how to implement blockchain technology in their organization and are anxiousabout the consequences of the new technology. The purpose of this exploratory study is to evaluateblockchain applications for a district heating company in Stockholm to understand favorable areas,necessary criteria for successful implementation and how blockchain could enable new businessopportunities in the district heating market. To be able to reach the purpose of the thesis aliterature study and an empirical study were performed. The literature study is in the form of anextensive investigation about the areas of blockchain and district heating. The empirical studyincludes 17 interviews, both internal interviews with employees at Stockholm Exergi and externalinterviews conducted with professionals with knowledge about blockchain, district heating and theenergy sector. Furthermore, two workshops, in collaboration with Stockholm Exergi, wereperformed at the end of the thesis to evaluate and prioritize the developed blockchain applications.This thesis proposes 32 blockchain applications within 10 areas in the district heating industry.The applications are categorized after their potential, in three categories; green for the blockchainapplications that are valuable to investigate further, orange for the applications that potentiallycould be interesting to investigate further, and red for the applications that are not interesting toinvestigate further. Some applications focus on solving inefficiencies within district heating andsome on exploiting the benefits of blockchain. Eight applications are categorized with greenprioritization, and thus presented in more detail. To take into account that blockchain probablywill have a greater impact in the future, a future scenario was developed and used in the situationalanalysis for the applications. Furthermore, a framework was developed with the aim to be a toolfor a district heating company to utilize while considering if a blockchain implementation wouldbe beneficial, and if so, in what way. The framework is focused on district heating companies butcan be utilized by other actors as well.Our recommendation for a district heating company in Stockholm is to wait one or two yearswhile staying updated. Especially important for the companies are to stay updated on whether newblockchain standardizations will emerge in the energy sector. However, if a district heatingcompany want to initialize a blockchain project we advise the companies to start a pilot projectthat does not affect the current business model but has the potential to be scaled. Since theblockchain technology enhances collaboration, it is important to consider which partners shouldbe included and how the application can create value for all involved parties. However, due to theuncertainty of the technology, companies need to be well aware of that assumed created value maynot be reached as expected. Furthermore, district heating companies also need to bear in mindthat other parameters, for example additional technologies, policies or infrastructure systems, maybe necessary to implement in order to create value from a blockchain solution. / Blockchain beskrivs ofta som något med ändlös teoretisk potential. I verkligheten är det dock svårtatt fastställa hur blockchain kan användas och vilka möjligheter blockchain kan skapa. Den osäkraframtiden för blockchain är en utmaning för många företag att förhålla sig till. Inte minst för storaetablerade företag då blockchain kan användas för att decentralisera en centraliseradmarknadsstruktur. Syftet med denna undersökande studie är att utvärdera blockchainapplikationerför ett fjärrvärmeföretag i Stockholm, för att förstå gynnsamma områden,nödvändiga kriterier vid genomförande och hur blockchain skulle kunna möjliggöra nyaaffärsmöjligheter på fjärrvärmemarknaden. För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte genomfördes enlitteraturstudie och en empirisk studie. Inom litteraturstudien genomfördes en omfattandeundersökning av blockchain och fjärrvärme. Den empiriska studien bestod av 17 intervjuer, bådeinterna intervjuer med anställda från Stockholm Exergi och externa intervjuer med experter inomblockchain, fjärrvärme och energisektorn. Vidare genomfördes under slutfasen två workshops isamarbete med Stockholm Exergi, för att utvärdera och prioritera de skapade blockchainapplikationerna.Rapporten presenterar 32 blockchain-applikationer inom 10 olika områden inomfjärrvärmeindustrin. Applikationerna är kategoriserade efter sin potential i tre grupper, grön för deapplikationer som kan vara fördelaktiga för ett fjärrvärmeföretag och bör fortsätta undersökas,orange för de applikationer som sannolikt inte skulle vara fördelaktiga och röd för de applikationersom inte är intressanta för ett fjärrvärmeföretag att fortsätta undersöka. Vissa applikationerfokuserar på att lösa de ineffektiviteter som finns för fjärrvärme och vissa på att utnyttja fördelarnamed blockchain. Det åtta applikationer med grön prioritering presenteras mer detaljerat. Ettframtida scenario togs fram för att ta hänsyn till att blockchain sannolikt kommer att ha störrepåverkan i framtiden. Detta används som hjälpmedel när situationsanalysen för applikationernagenomförs. Dessutom utvecklades ett ramverk som har som syfte att vara ett verktyg för ettfjärrvärmeföretag att utnyttja när en blockchain implementering övervägs. Ramverket är inriktatpå fjärrvärmeföretag men kan även användas av andra aktörer.Vår rekommendation till ett fjärrvärmeföretag i Stockholm är att vänta ett eller två år, samtidigtsom de håller sig uppdaterade om marknadsförändringar för blockchain. Särskilt viktigt för ettfjärrvärmeföretag är att hålla sig uppdaterad om huruvida nya blockchain-standardiseringar uppstårinom energisektorn. Om ett fjärrvärmeföretag vill initiera ett blockchain-projekt, rekommenderarvi att starta med ett pilotprojekt som inte påverkar den nuvarande affärsmodellen, men harpotential att skalas. Eftersom blockchain-teknologin möjliggör samarbete är det viktigt attöverväga vilka partners som kan ingå i lösningen och hur applikationen kan skapa värde för allaberörda parter. Företag måste emellertid vara väl medvetna om att det förväntade värdet kanskeinte uppnås på grund av teknologins osäkerhet. Dessutom måste företagen också överväga attandra parametrar, till exempel andra teknologier, politik eller infrastruktur, är nödvändiga, för atten blockchain implementering ska skapa värde.

The world is currently experiencing major issues in the energy sector. The ever-growing human population, limited energy resources and the effect of greenhouse gas emissions have become major global concerns for the energy sector, including the electricity generation sector. This dilemma caused electricity providers to revise their generation methods and created a major need for consumers to utilise electricity more efficiently. Demand side management (DSM) is one initiative developed for consumers to efficiently utilise electricity. Due to their high electricity consumption and technical skills, mines are ideal targets for the implementation of DSM strategies. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate South African mines for possible implementation of DSM strategies on their compressed air networks. Compressed air networks at South African mines are relatively old and inadequately maintained. This causes inefficient distribution and use of compressed air. The study will therefore focus on reconfiguring mining compressed air networks for cost savings. Cost savings include financial savings on electricity bills, implementation costs and decreased maintenance. Through several investigations, the possibility of implementing energy savings strategies to reconfigure the compressed air networks of two South African mines was identified. Reconfiguring the networks would respectively entail interconnecting two shafts and relocating a compressor from an abandoned shaft to a fully productive shaft. Theoretical simulations were developed to determine the networks’ responses to the reconfiguration strategies. The simulations assisted in exposing the viability of implementing the reconfiguration strategies on the respective compressed air networks. Positive responses were obtained from the simulations and proposals were made to the respective mines for possible implementation. The proposed initiatives were implemented on the respective mines’ compressed air networks. After implementation of the interconnection strategy, a consecutive three-month performance assessment period commenced to prove the viability of the proposed savings. An average power saving of 1 700 kW was achieved during the performance assessment period. The proposed initiative to relocate the compressor is currently being implemented. A financial saving of approximately R8.9 million per annum was achieved by implementing the interconnection strategy. The large financial saving was due to the utilisation of the mine’s salvaged equipment. Further savings were achieved by the decreased maintenance on the mine’s compressors. Due to the successful implementation of the interconnection strategy, it is safe to state that cost savings can be achieved by reconfiguring mining compressed air networks. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This thesis explores the causes of Russian foreign policy towards Georgia. It argues that the Russian Federation continues to pursue a policy which weakens the sovereignty of the Caucasus. The main priority of this thesis is to identify why the Russian Federation seems to be pursuing a set of policies that economically and politically weaken the sovereignty of Georgia. Therefore, this thesis examines the forces and factors of Russian domestic politics that drive Russian national interests towards the Caucasus. The analysis focuses on one particular issue-area: the role of the economic elite in shaping Russia's domestic and foreign policies vis-a-vis the state in the electricity sector. In focusing on the energy policies of the Russian Federation, this thesis reveals the negative consequences for Georgia's sovereignty that result from a strong Russian influence in the region. This thesis analyzes how Russian national interests towards Georgia challenge the latter to establish autonomous decisionmaking with regard to its foreign policy and to exercise its own authority through an exclusive competence in internal affairs of the state. In conclusion, this thesis offers policy prescriptions on how Georgia might best preserve its sovereignty with respect to the Russian Federation in terms of energy dependency. / Civilian, Ministry of Defense, Georgia

With increasing recognition that reducing carbon emissions from energy in the UK will make a significant contribution to the mitigation of anthropogenic climate change, and with carbon budgets forged following the Climate Change Act 2005 looking unlikely to be met, it is clear that sectoral changes are required to catalyse the decarbonisation process. Alongside the need for this industry to be at the forefront of decarbonisation, the energy sector needs to diversify and employ more women, Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME), LGBT and disabled people, as well as those from different social classes and varied educational backgrounds. In short, the energy industry in the UK presently has a diversity issue that transcends being an image problem; it is hampering progress. This masters’ thesis explores how the dual aims of decarbonisation and diversifying the workforce can aid one another, and the extent to which greater diversity within the energy sector could actually be the key to decarbonisation. Using transcripts from the interviews I conducted with eight individuals, as well as meta- analysis of existing data that examines the impacts of diversity in various industries, the ways in which greater diversity in the energy sector has the potential to be positive for decarbonisation are explored. Further, this paper also examines barriers to diversity, proposing a series of recommendations for industry and policy makers in order to create an energy sector that is more diverse. These recommendations can be found in the next steps section of the paper, which aims to provide guidance for those wishing to make the composition of their organisation more representative of wider society.

O mercado brasileiro de eletricidade enfrentou nos últimos anos, crises de abastecimento, devido ao maior crescimento da demanda em relação à oferta. Derivado da falta de investimentos em infraestrutura e da concentração da matriz energética em hidroeletricidade, esse cenário pode ser minimizado pela bioeletricidade cogerada a partir do bagaço da cana. Porém, a efetiva exploração de seu potencial, depende das usinas reconhecerem-na como produto viável e lucrativo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a comercialização de bioeletricidade no ACL e compará-la com o ACR identificando ameaças, oportunidades, pontos fortes e fracos de cada um. Realizou-se entrevistas com gestores: de quatro usinas sucroenergéticas, da distribuidora de energia local e de um consumidor livre. Utilizando-se a análise SWOT e PEST e as técnicas de análise de conteúdo e correspondência os dados foram trabalhados. Os resultados indicaram que a principal vantagem do ACR é a segurança quanto ao preço da energia e a desvantagem é a inflexibilidade do contrato aliado a altas penalidades. O ponto forte relevante do ACL é a flexibilidade na definição de prazo, preço e quantidade e a fraqueza é a volatilidade do preço. Devido a essas características os agentes tendem a atuar nos dois mercados, adotando como estrutura de governança principal o mercado e as formas híbridas em segundo plano. Constatou-se ainda a necessidade da atuação governamental como incentivador de fontes renováveis e provedor de soluções para entraves como a conexão a rede de transmissão, fraqueza dos dois mercados, e a falta de um ambiente adequado de comercialização. / In recent years, the Brazilian electricity market has gone through provision crises, due to the greater increase in demand with regard to supplies. Resulting from the lack of infrastructural investments and the concentration of the energy matrix in hydroelectricity, this scenario can be minimized by the bioelectricity coproduced based on sugar cane pulp. However, the effective exploration of its potential depends on sugar cane mills acknowledging it as a viable and profitable product. This research aimed to characterize bioelectricity commerce in a Free Contracting Environment (ACL) and compare it with a Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR), identifying the threats, opportunities, strong and weak points of each. Interviews were held with managers: of four sugar-electricity mills, the local energy distributor and a free consumer. Data were processed using SWOT and PEST analysis, as well as content and correspondence analysis techniques. The results indicated that the main advantage of ACR is security about energy prices, while the disadvantage is the contracts lack of flexibility, in combination with high penalties. The relevant strong point of ACL is the flexibility to define term, price and quantity, and the weakness is price volatility. Due to these characteristics, agents tend to act in both markets, adopting the market as the main governance structure and hybrid forms at a secondary level. Government action is needed to encourage renewable energy sources and provide solutions to bottlenecks like connection with the transmission network, weakness of both markets and lack of an adequate trading environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiana Maria Melhado Araujo Lima.pdf: 2345754 bytes, checksum: 3ac6c79f7b39263ddd3da59d1bac35e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-04 / The main theme of this thesis is to trace the outline of the electric sector concessions, investigating the legal status of each segment and defining the major problems caused by Federal Law n. 12.783/2013, which derived from the Presidential Act (Medida Provisória) n. 579/2012. From this perspective, for a proper analysis of the matter, the study examines, at first, the sector´s historical evolution throughout the twentieth century and early twenty-first century, in order to understand the crises it has faced, which led to the design of new legalinstitutional models. Secondly, it discusses the segments of electricity in Brazil, aroused from the sector s restructuring generation, transmission, distribution and marketing. It also introduces some relevant sectorial legal concepts, particularly important to the nomination of the new forms of exploitation. After examining the different models of generation, transmission and distribution concession contracts, it presents the changes made in the electricity sector by Federal Law n. 12.783/2013, and the impacts on Legal Certainty / O tema central deste trabalho é traçar o contorno das concessões do setor elétrico, investigando a natureza jurídica de cada segmento, bem como delimitar os principais problemas surgidos com as modificações introduzidas pela Lei n. 12.783/2013, conversora da Medida Provisória n. 579/2012. A partir dessa colocação, para a devida análise da matéria, o estudo, em primeiro lugar, procura examinar a evolução histórica do setor, ao longo do século XX e início do século XXI, para compreensão das crises por ele enfrentadas, que geraram a concepção de novos modelos jurídicos-institucionais. Num segundo momento, aborda os segmentos setoriais da energia elétrica no Brasil, decorrente da reestruturação do setor: geração, transmissão, distribuição e comercialização, sendo também introduzidos alguns conceitos jurídicos setoriais, em particular no pertinente às novas formas de titulação da respectiva exploração. Após exame dos modelos de contratos de concessão de geração, de transmissão, e de distribuição de energia elétrica, são apresentadas as modificações no setor elétrico realizadas pela Lei n. 12.783/2013, conversora da MP n. 579/2012, e os impactos na Segurança Jurídica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Squinca da Silva.pdf: 1213282 bytes, checksum: 0ce3a94c6c5d3f398158651202eec3bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is about the development of the sector of electric energy in Brazil, focusing on the period of the Varga´s government to the first government of post-64 military dictatorship, led by general Castelo Branco. Its searchs, through analysis of different documents, evidences how the interests of different segments of the national bourgeoisie interacted with each other and with the interests of foreign companies of electric energy operating in the country. This interaction of forces established, during the analysis period, the sprouting of two opposing groups: nationalists and private, whose collisions, ahead the dilemma of to nationalize or not the energy sector, resulted in the creation of the Brazilian Central Electric S/A (Eletrobrás) in 1961. Although its is not the focus of interest to characterize the way that imperialism assumed in Brazil, it is inevitable, by the analytical prism used, to make references to the concepts of hyperlate capitalist development, atrophic capital, monopoly and other categories related, to the context of disputes locked related to the electricity sector / O presente estudo versa sobre o desenvolvimento do setor de energia elétrica no Brasil, focando o período que vai do governo Vargas ao primeiro governo da Ditadura Militar pós-64, liderado pelo general Castelo Branco. Busca, mediante análise de documentos diversos, evidenciar como os interesses dos diferentes segmentos da burguesia nacional interagiram entre si e com os interesses das empresas estrangeiras de energia elétrica atuantes no país. Essa interação de forças estabeleceu, durante o período analisado, o surgimento de dois grupos opostos: nacionalistas e privatistas, cujos embates, ante o dilema de estatizar ou não o setor de energia elétrica, resultou na criação das Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S/A (Eletrobrás) em 1961. Embora não seja o foco de interesse caracterizar a forma que o imperialismo assumiu no Brasil, é inevitável, pelo prisma analítico adotado, fazer referências aos conceitos de desenvolvimento capitalista hipertardio, capital atrófico, monopólio e outras categorias correlatas, para a contextualização das disputas travadas em relação ao setor de eletricidade

A Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) tem se destacado como um instrumento que auxilia no processo de tomada de decisões de Política, Planos e Programas, com aplicações que se distribuem por vários setores. Nos países desenvolvidos, os sistemas de Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica dispõem dos elementos essenciais para a integração do instrumento aos processos de tomada de decisões estratégicas, ao contrário dos países em desenvolvimento. Nesses países, as Agências Multilaterais de Desenvolvimento (AMD) despontam como grandes responsáveis pela disseminação da aplicação da AAE, o que remete à necessidade de sua adaptação aos diferentes contextos verificados. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação de Mestrado é voltada para a caracterização e análise da utilização da AAE pelas AMDs no contexto dos acordos multilaterais de financiamento estabelecidos com países em desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foram identificados o perfil geral de aplicação das AAES pelas AMDs selecionadas (Banco Mundial, Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento, Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento), bem como as diretrizes operacionais estabelecidas pelas agências para o uso do instrumento, tendo sido cotejadas diante de princípios de boas práticas para a aplicação da AAE. De modo complementar, para seis casos selecionados, foram aplicados procedimentos voltados à identificação dos aspectos estratégicos relacionados aos objetos submetidos à avaliação, bem como o alinhamento entre os Termos de Referência e as Avaliações Ambientais. Finalmente, foram aplicados critérios para revisão da qualidade dos relatórios das AAEs selecionadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as AMDs analisadas têm contribuído para a disseminação da AAE nos países em desenvolvimento, tendo solicitado 214 estudos em 59 países até o ano de 2014. Contudo, a abordagem empregada pelas AMDs - derivadas basicamente a partir das diretrizes operacionais estabelecidas em 1999 pelo Banco Mundial - apresenta diferenças importantes com as boas práticas internacionais no que diz respeito à avaliação de alternativas estratégicas e participação pública, além de serem aplicadas a objetos com baixo enfoque estratégico. Os resultados obtidos a partir da revisão de qualidade dos relatórios analisados mostram-se coerentes e alinhados com o contexto de aplicação das AAEs, apresentando baixa qualidade em termos da descrição da baseline, estabelecimento de alternativas e participação pública. / Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been highilighted as an instrument that assist the process of Policy, Plan and Program decision making, with applications distributed in various sectors. In developed countries, the SEA systems have the essential elements which promote the integration of this instrument to strategic decision making processes, as opposed to developing countries. In these countries, the Multilateral Development Agencies (MDA) emerge as responsible for the widespread of SEA application, which lead to the need to adapt this tool to different contexts. In this sense, this Master\'s thesis is focused on the characterization and analysis of the use of SEA by MDAs in the context of multilateral financing agreements established with developing countries. Thus, the general profile of SEA applications required by MDAs (World Bank, African Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank and Asian Development Bank) and the SEA operating guidelines established by these agencies have been identified, and faced to principles of SEA good practice. Moreover, to six selected cases, procedures were applied aimed at identifying the strategic aspects related to the objects undergoing assessment as well as the alignment between the Terms of Reference and Environmental Assessments. Finally, criteria to review the quality of reports were applied to the selected SEAs. The results indicate that MDAs analyzed have contributed to the spread of the SEA in developing countries, requiring 214 studies in 59 countries by 2014. However, the approach used by MDAs - basically derived from the operational guidelines established by the World Bank in 1999 - has important differences compared to international best practice with regard to the evaluation of strategic alternatives and public participation, beside being applied to objects with low strategic focus. The results from the reports quality review are conherent and aligned to the SEAs context application, showing low quality in the baseline description, alternatives establishment and public participation.