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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Energikartläggning av Försäkringskassans lokaler : rekommendationer för ett fortsatt energieffektiviseringsarbete

Ollman, Erik January 2013 (has links)
With new energy directives in place, the Swedish Social Service (SSS) stands before the challenge how to reduce the energy demand in its locales. It is a complex matter, as the locales are rented from various property owners and it becomes a question of how to reduce the operational electricity and influence the property owners to work more with energy efficiency. This thesis takes a balanced research approach in three parts. Firstly a qualitative part in form of interviews with personnel at the SSS and its property owners, secondly a quantitative part of descriptive nature in form of energy statistics and thirdly a literature review of Energy Management (EM) Supply Chain Management(SCM), Green Supply Chain Management(GSCM) and Enviromental Performance Indicators (EPI). This in order to be able to give normative recommendations of how the SSS should act to reduce its energy consumption in its locales and provide new insights on how EM, SCM, GSCM and EPI can be applied in effect. The results show that the Swedish Social Service should act in the following areas to control its energy efficiency: statistics and follow-up, locale strategy and operational electricity. To get efficient statistical material the SSS should update their registers of property owners, update guidelines for energy statistics reporting and continue with the same collection method for data (e-mail survey) to get continuity. The literature review and interviews show that a segmentation of suppliers (property owners) based on factors like area in property, good relations, area of local and energy performance indicators should be useful as to know how to distribute resources to enable energy efficiency. Finally, the study shows that various locales has high rates of idling loads and have a energy saving potential of 10-15%.
82

Přírodovědné vycházky pro žáky základní školy v regionu Podblanicka / Natural-scientific Excursions for Elementary School Pupils in the Region of Blanik

Dymák, Petr January 2016 (has links)
The work dedicates the region of Podblanicko as an outdoor acivity of didactic territory. The description of five concrete excursions follows with a universal characterization of the region. The didactic part is worked by the author theoreticaly of the view of the General Educational Programme and extra concrete School Educational Programme. In the work, there is dedicated a special consideration to the concrete special didactics of individual excursions including author's writing of the working folio for the geological excursion. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
83

Ekologinio saugumo Baltijos jūros regione užtikrinimas: HELCOM vaidmens Švedijoje ir Lietuvoje palyginimas / Ecological security in the Baltic sea region: a comparison of the Helsinki Commission’s role in Lithuania and Sweden

Černiauskaitė, Inga 12 June 2009 (has links)
Svarstymai apie ekologinio saugumo sampratą bei šio sektoriaus reikšmę valstybių nacionalinių interesų kontekste prasidėjo dar praeito šimtmečio viduryje. Dėl spartaus ekonominio vystymosi kilo daugybė aplinkos saugumo problemų, tiek visame pasaulyje, tiek Baltijos jūros regione. Ekologinio saugumo problemos bei jų sprendimas savo prigimtimi peržengia nacionalinių valstybių sienas. Dėl šios priežasties pradėtos kurti tarptautinės institucijos arba režimai, atsirado poreikis tarptautiniam bendradarbiavimui. Siekiant spręsti aplinkos saugumo klausimus Baltijos jūros regiono valstybės įkūrė Helsinkio Komisiją bei aktyviai dirba šioje srityje. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas yra susipažinti ekologinio saugumo problematika Baltijos jūros regione, įvardijant pagrindinus tikslus bei iššūkius, bei jų įgyvendinimo galimybes ir efektyvumą. Siekiant geriau atskleisti temą darbe yra lyginami Švedijos ir Lietuvos atvejai. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai yra apibrėžti valstybių nacionalinių interesų saugumo sampratą ir plačiau apžvelgti pagrindinius ekologinio arba aplinkos saugumo apibrėžimus ir perspektyvas politikos mokslų teorijoje. Aptarti svarbiausias grėsmes ir iššūkius Baltijos jūros regiono ekologiniam saugumui, atkreipiant dėmesį į pagrindines aplinkos saugumo problemas su kuriomis susiduria Švedija ir Lietuva. Susipažinti su Helsinkio Komisijos vaidmeniu Baltijos jūros regiono ekologinio saugumo srityje. Siekiant įgyvendinti darbo tikslą bei uždavinius naudojamas aprašomasis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Ecological security problems, such as climate change and severe air and water pollution, have reached global attention over the last couple of decades. Environmental threats are usually caused not only by one state and can have impacts well beyond national borders. Hence, there is an obvious need for cross-national cooperation. The main object of this study is the challenges of ecological security in the Baltic Sea region and the efforts to meet them through cooperation within the Helsinki Commission. The Helsinki Commission is one of the main institutions seeking to ensure marine environment protection in the Baltic Sea through international cooperation between Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the wider European Union. To better understand the role and possible effects of the Helsinki Commission, a comparison between Sweden and Lithuania is being made. The main focus is on recent developments of ecological security, particularly after the adoption of the Helsinki Commission’s Baltic Sea Action Plan in 2007. The central question of this work is: what are the main ecological security problems and objectives set by the Helsinki Commission and what are the challenges for implementation in Sweden and Lithuania? Descriptive, comparative, and analytical research methods are employed in order to analyze this question. Numerous studies have revealed that pollution, caused by the agricultural sector, marine transportation and other... [to full text]
84

Razna National Park : - a selection of excursion destinations

Zandén Ljungmark, Mimi January 2012 (has links)
Different areas in Latvias youngest National Park Rāzna has been visited and analyzed. One objectivewas to find out if ecotourism is a possibility and what improvements need to be made. Latvia has avery old history of nature conservation. Objectives to protect valuable species and habitats for thefuture are influenced by factors such as economy and politics. The laws and regulations concerningenvironmental care are dependent on the processes and conditions that have contributed to formingthem. What is considered normality in Sweden can be completely different in Latvia eventhough theintentions and wished results are the same. The conclusion is that there is potential for ecotourism,although many factors must be considered and disadvantageous situations be avoided in the natureprotecting process.
85

Společná politika ochrany životního prostředí ve světle úpravy vnitřního trhu Evropské unie / The common policy for the protection of the environment in the light of the internal market of the European Union

Scheu, Lenka January 2017 (has links)
English abstract Protecting the environment is currently one of the complex issues of law and policy. Necessary response to adverse changes in the environment lays down binding rules on environmental protection in international law, EU law and national law. The EU internal market is secured by four fundamental market freedoms - the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital. The relationship with the environment is reflected in the quality and characteristics of the products, and the conditions under which these products are marketed in different Member States. Environmental protection is strongly linked with service area, which concerns matters such as the operation of landfills. The EU's objectives in the areas of internal market and environmental protection very often collide. Then it is necessary to find a balanced approach between the protection of environmental objectives and ensuring the economic principles of the European Union.
86

Estrutura de gestão ambiental na fase pós-aprovação da avaliação de impacto ambiental: Trecho Sul do Rodoanel Mário Covas / Environmental management structure in the follow-up phase of the environmental impact assessment: Southern Section of the Rodoanel Mário Covas. Master\'s

Grigio, Gledson Chamareki da Silva 27 July 2010 (has links)
Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental AIA é um instrumento de gestão ambiental que tem como objetivo identificar, prever e interpretar as conseqüências sobre o meio ambiente de uma dada ação humana. Se bem conduzida pode auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão, incrementar a viabilidade ambiental de projetos e propostas de desenvolvimento, e constituir em instrumento de gestão ambiental. Apesar de existirem exemplos de aplicação bem sucedida, verifica-se que em muitos casos os resultados esperados não têm sido satisfatórios para o que se pretende com ela. Falhas, tanto na elaboração dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental, como na condução das demais fases e, conseqüentemente, prejudicando a eficácia da AIA e naquilo que se pretende com esse instrumento de política pública, que é a proteção e a melhoria da qualidade ambiental, têm sido verificadas. Trabalhos recentes, têm enfatizado as variáveis de ordem gerencial do processo de AIA como determinantes do seu sucesso, muito mais do que a qualidade técnica ou o conteúdo científico de um EIA. Um bom sistema de gerenciamento da implantação e operação de um empreendimento pode corrigir imperfeições resultantes das etapas prévias do processo de AIA. A fase de acompanhamento do processo de AIA pode ser considerada como etapa crítica para seu sucesso. Impactos que não são corretamente identificados ou previstos pelo EIA, podem ser corrigidos por meio de medidas mitigadoras desenvolvidas depois da aprovação do projeto. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho buscou analisar a estrutura de gestão ambiental adotada para o cumprimento da fase pós-aprovação do processo de AIA desenvolvido para o Trecho Sul do Rodoanel, com base em documentos disponíveis no órgão ambiental estadual responsável pelo licenciamento, informações obtidas com o empreendedor, visitas técnicas e entrevistas. Os resultados permitem observar que, apesar da existência de deficiências, o desempenho ambiental alcançado pode ser considerado satisfatório, ainda mais considerando o porte do empreendimento e a complexidade ambiental da região de inserção. As principais falhas que podem ser apontadas referem-se ao subdimensionamento de determinadas medidas preventivas, prevalecendo assim uma atuação mais corretiva. Se por um lado, não-conformidades ambientais observadas podem ser atribuídas, em alguns casos, à falta de equipes e de equipamentos suficientes, e em outros, à falta de capacitação ou de interesse quanto ao trato das questões ambientais, mesmo considerando a padronização de procedimentos, a incorporação de medidas ambientais nos editais de contratação e a execução de programas de treinamentos ambientais; por outro, avanços tecnológicos e investimentos garantiram bom desempenho ambiental de algumas medidas mitigadoras implementadas. Conclui-se que apesar das etapas iniciais (avaliação preliminar e análise detalhada) da AIA contituirem em excelentes ferramentas de planejamento e otimização de esforços e recursos, a etapa pós-aprovação, que compreende a gestão ambiental da implantação dos empreendimentos, a partir da efetivação das medidas preventivas e mitigadoras propostas anteriormente, constitui etapa crucial no sentido de alcançar os seus objetivos, que é a busca pela sustentabilidade ambiental do desenvolvimento. Se não for bem executada, pode colocar todo o esforço e recursos conferidos às etapas anteriores a perder. Em caso contrário, pode suprir eventuais deficiências. / The Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA is an environmental management tool that aims to identify, predict and interpret the consequences on the environment of a particular human action. If well managed can help the process of decision making, enhance the environmental sustainability of projects and development proposals, and constitute an instrument of environmental management. Although there are examples of successful implementation, it appears that in many cases the expected results have not been satisfactory for what we expect from it. Failures both in the preparation of environmental studies, as in the conduct of other phases and, consequently, undermining the effectiveness of EIA and what is meant by this instrument of public policy, which is the protection and improvement of environmental quality, have been verified. Recent studies have emphasized the variables of management of the EIA process as critical to their success, much more than the technical quality and scientific content of an environmental study. A good management system implementation and operation of an enterprise can correct imperfections resulting from previous stages of the EIA process. The follow-up phase of the EIA process can be regarded as critical step for its success. Impacts that are not properly identified or anticipated by the environmental study, can be addressed by mitigation measures developed after the approval of the project. In this context, the present work was developed to sought, based on documents available at the state environmental agency, responsible for the licensing process, information obtained from the entrepreneurial, technical visits and interview, to review the environmental management structure adopted for the implementation of follow-up phase of the EIA process developed for the Southern Section of Rodoanel. The results allow us to observe that despite the deficiencies, the environmental performance achieved can be considered satisfactory, especially considering the size of the enterprise and the environmental complexity of the region of insertion. The main flaws that can be highlighted refer to the undersizing of certain preventive measures and, therefore, there was a further corrective action. On the one hand, environmental non-compliances observed can be attributed in some cases, to the lack of sufficient staff and equipment, and in other, the lack of training or interest in the treatment of environmental issues, even considering the standardization of procedures, the incorporation of environmental measures in the contracts and implementation of environmental training programs. On the other hand, technological advances and investments assure good environmental performance of some mitigation measures implemented. We conclude that despite the initial stages of EIA (preliminary assessment and detailed analysis) form it into an excellent tool for planning and optimization of efforts and resources, the post-approval stage, which includes the environmental management of the implementation of projects, from the accomplishment of preventive and mitigating measures proposed earlier, it is a crucial step towards achieving its goals, which is the quest for environmental sustainability of development. If not well implemented, it can put all the effort and resources given to the previous steps to lose. Otherwise, it can overcome any shortcomings from previous steps.
87

O estilo de vida de praticantes e estudiosos de Yoga

Farias, Carine Mendonça de 10 November 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carine Mendonca de Farias.pdf: 555263 bytes, checksum: 194620603743b44f92a8e830bee9c49c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this research was to investigate the lifestyle constitutive elements of Yoga practioners and students who live in brazilian capitals. Looking forward to explore if there is some influence of this philosophy teachings in their daily lives and also investigate how do they perceive their quality or life. The lifestyle concept adopted in this research comes from the Enviromental Psychology, area of the Psychology that studies the relation between people and fisical environment, natural or built (Bassani, 2004). It refers to the set of values, habits and actions on people daily lives. Yoga is understood as a complex philosophical-religious system, that contain a set of belives and values, whose purpose is to guide the practioners actitudes and behaviors. Participants were four people, two of them, male and two, female, who live in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Aracaju. For data colection, it was used two instruments: (1) an open questionnaire with six questions about their routine, values and the Yoga teachings influence in their lives and (2) the Quality of Life Self-Evaluation Instrument (Bassani, Corrêa e Eisenstadt, 2002) that allowed the participants to think and rate ten different aspects of their lives acording to their satisfaction level. By analysing both instruments data, we observed some habits and values shared by them, for exemple, to practice Yoga and meditation daily and to worry about environment. It was possible to identify four principal elements in the participans lifestyle constitution: (1) self-care (practice of physical activity and a appropriate feed); (2) respect on the relations (they value harmony and peace); (3) longing for personal improvement (philosophy studies, self knoledge and practice of spirituality) and (4) actions based on sustaintability (pro environment behavior). All of those elements are related on Yoga s teachings. We observed that the practice and study of this philosophy can influence the way of thinking, and as consequence, people values and way of act, resulting in the built of healthable lifestyles and positive reflects on their quality of life self evaluation / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os elementos constitutivos do estilo de vida de praticantes e estudiosos de Yoga residentes em capitais brasileiras. Visando explorar também se há ou não a inserção dos ensinamentos desta filosofia no seu dia-a-dia e como elas percebem sua qualidade de vida. O conceito de estilo de vida adotado provém da Psicologia Ambiental, área que estuda as inter-relações pessoa-ambiente físico, natural ou construído (Bassani, 2004) e se refere ao conjunto de valores, hábitos e ações que se fazem presentes no dia-a-dia das pessoas. O Yoga é concebido como complexo sistema filosófico-religioso que aponta para um conjunto de crenças e valores, cuja finalidade é nortear as atitudes e condutas de seus estudiosos e praticantes. A pesquisa foi realizada com dois participantes do sexo masculino e dois do sexo feminino, moradores das cidades do Rio de Janeiro, Aracaju e São Paulo. Para coleta dos dados, foram utilizados um questionário aberto com seis perguntas abordando temas como rotina, valores e influência do Yoga em suas vidas e o Instrumento de Auto-Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida (Bassani, Corrêa e Eisenstadt, 2002) que permitiu aos sujeitos refletirem e pontuarem, de acordo com seu grau de satisfação, dez âmbitos de suas vidas. A partir da análise conjunta dos dados obtidos nos dois instrumentos, foram observados, entre os participantes, diversos hábitos e valores em comum como, por exemplo, praticar diariamente Yoga e meditação e preocupar-se com o meio ambiente. Foi possível identificar a presença de quatro elementos principais na constituição do estilo de vida dessas pessoas: (1) auto-cuidado (prática de atividade física e alimentação adequada); (2) respeito nas relações (valorizam harmonia e paz); (3) busca por aprimoramento pessoal (estudo da filosofia, auto-conhecimento e prática da espiritualidade) e (4) sustentabilidade nas ações (condutas próambientais). Todos estes elementos se relacionam com ensinamentos presentes nos milenares textos do Yoga. Observou-se, portanto, que a dedicação ao estudo e prática desta filosofia pode influenciar o modo de pensar e, consequentemente, os valores e o modo de agir das pessoas, resultando na construção de estilos de vida saudáveis e refletindo positivamente na auto-percepção da qualidade de vida
88

Um olhar pedestre sobre o mobiliário urbano paulistano: Itaim Bibi de 1995 a 2001 / A pedestrian glance on the urban quipment and furniture at São Paulo city

Tinoco, Agata 25 April 2003 (has links)
Sob o enfoque da percepção ambiental, pretendemos tratar do sistema físico de objetos que pertencem ao entorno do cidadão-pedestre paulistano com suficiente intensidade para sinalizar seu ideário. Nosso intuito foi procurar explicações para as diversas manifestações visíveis nos objetos urbanos banais e próximos à população, mais especificamente em equipamentos e mobiliário urbanos. Escolheu-se o bairro paulistano Itaim Bibi para servir de substrato à pesquisa, com a intenção de verificar o impacto da Operação Urbana Faria Lima. Este pedaço da cidade teve uma formação comum a muitos outros lugares onde processos de reurbanização contribuem com a redução significativa de moradores e conseqüente reflexo nos usos dos espaços públicos de pedestres. Um grupo de perceptores, estudantes de arquitetura, visitou o local; seus registros foram quantificados e analisados quanto à qualidade do ambiente urbano. Tal método, além de conscientizar futuros urbanistas para as necessidades de pedestres, poderá subsidiar ações em prol de melhorias nas vias públicas de circulação, se for de interesse da comunidade local. No empenho de responder à questão até onde a compreensão do pedestre se estende no mundo visual, apresentamos aspectos técnicos (disposições normativas), econômicos, estéticos e culturais (design), sociais (ações de usuários da cidade) e subjetivos (percepção visual). / We have intended to deal with the physical systems of objects belonging to the surrounding of pedestrian-citizens in the city of São Paulo under an environmental awareness approach intense enough to express their set of ideas. Our objective was to look for explanations for the several visible patterns in common urban objects nearby the population, more specifically in urban equipment and furniture. The neighborhood of Itaim Bibi in the city of São Paulo was chosen to be the object of the survey in order to check the impact of the Faria Lima Urban Operation. This fragment of the city shares a common origin with other places where re-urbanization processes have contributed to reduce significantly the number of dwellers, consequently impacting over public spaces for pedestrians. A group of architecture students visited the place; they wrote or drew their perceptions on the site and their records were quantified and analyzed as to the quality of the urban environment. Such a method, in addition to bringing awareness to those future architects as to pedestrians\' needs, may also come to subsidize actions to be taken to improve public areas, streets and avenues, should the local community be interested in doing so. For the purposes of answering the question on how far pedestrians\' understanding goes as to the visual world we present here technical (regulations), economic, aesthetic and cultural (design), social (the city users\' actions) and subjective (visual perception) aspects.
89

Ãgua doce no Brasil: razÃes de uma nova polÃtica / Water candy in Brazil:reasons of a new politics

Maria Elisabeth Duarte Silvestre 12 September 2003 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O Brasil tem uma nova legislaÃÃo hÃdrica. Esse trabalho se propÃe a entender o que tornou inadequado o CÃdigo de Ãguas de 1934 e as razÃes da PolÃtica Nacional de Recursos HÃdricos conforme a Lei 9.433 de 8 de janeiro de 1997. Uma pergunta o motiva: trata-se de uma intervenÃÃo tendo em vista assegurar Ãgua à atual e Ãs futuras geraÃÃes nas quantidades e qualidade exigidas? Parte do princÃpio que a sociedade à formada por indivÃduos, grupos e classes sociais que tÃm interesses diferentes, frequentemente opostos e que as polÃticas pÃblicas, instituiÃÃes e leis expressam esses conflitos e neles intervÃm. Para compreender a crise ambiental e as propostas que visam superÃ-la, à necessÃrio situÃ-las na teia de relaÃÃes que envolve Estado, sociedade, indivÃduo e natureza. A polÃtica hÃdrica, decisiva intervenÃÃo do Estado na apropriaÃÃo e uso de um recurso essencial à vida e à produÃÃo que tende a tornar-se escasso, interfere diretamente na apropriaÃÃo dos frutos do trabalho e nas relaÃÃes de poder. O presente trabalho assinala o carÃter histÃrico da escassez da Ãgua no Brasil e no mundo, discute a racionalidade das relaÃÃes com a natureza e a evoluÃÃo da posiÃÃo do Estado brasileiro frente aos recursos naturais e, em particular, hÃdricos. Procura mostrar que a apropriaÃÃo e manejo dos mesmos sÃo racionais no sentido de permitirem a reproduÃÃo social. O CÃdigo de Ãguas correspondeu ao esforÃo industrializante da Era Vargas. Os fundamentos da Lei 9.433 revelam sua adequaÃÃo Ãs necessidades atuais do capital, as contradiÃÃes que o permeiam e traÃos marcantes do Estado e do ambientalismo mundialmente hegemÃnicos. A reforma brasileira assemelha-se a outras que estÃo sendo realizadas no mundo e que, invariavelmente, tendem a ampliar o espaÃo mercantil. A nova polÃtica pretende-se democrÃtica e descentralizadora; configura-se, em princÃpio, como um espaÃo aberto à participaÃÃo popular. Trata-se, porÃm, de uma vigorosa aÃÃo do Estado que o desobriga de responsabilidades que atà entÃo lhe eram imputadas e aumenta as possibilidades de controle sobre esse recurso. Sob a aparÃncia de atender a todos e proteger os recursos hÃdricos, a Lei poderà constituir-se em um importante instrumento para a expansÃo do capital e a destruiÃÃo da natureza. Apesar disso, ao colocar a Ãgua como bem de domÃnio pÃblico, contÃm abertura legal para as lutas de resistÃncia contra sua mercantilizaÃÃo. / Brazil has new water legislation. This study examines why the 1934 Water Code became inadequate and the reasons that led to the National Water Resources Policy, according to the Law 9433 (January 8, 1997). It is motivated by a central question: does state intervention intend to assure water to actual and future generations, in the amounts and with the quality required for it various use? The primary principle is that society comprises individuals, groups and classes which have different, frequently opposed, interests; public policies, institutions and laws express and intervene in these conflicts. The environmental crisis and the sense of proposals aiming its solution must be considered in the context of the complex links between State, society, individuals and nature. Water policy constitutes a decisive intervention in the appropriation and use of a resource essential to life and production that is becoming scarce. Thus, it is a relevant element for appropriation of labor results and for power relations. The present study points out the historical character of water scarcity worldly and nationally, discuss the rationality of the society-nature relations and the evolution of Brazilian State commitment to the so-called natural resources, in particular, water resources. It intends to demonstrate that the politics of water appropriation and management are rationally designed and fulfill the reproduction necessities of the capitalist system. The Water Code matched the industrialization efforts of the Vargas period. The reflection on the basis of the 1997 Law shows its adaptation to capital needs, at the end of the XX century, and the contradictions that permeate such process. This Law assimilates the world hegemonic conception of State and environmental policies and is similar to diverse countries ongoing reforms, which invariantly tend to expand market. The new policy pretends to be democratic and decentralized, as well, as favor popular participation. In fact, it is a vigorous state intervention. The water legislation,simultaneously, alleviates the government from its constitutional duties and increases the possibilities of control over this vital resource. Despite the discourse of attending all Brazilians, the present Law is especially attentive to hegemonic interests, and it could become an important instrument for capitalistic expansion; it is to say, for the destruction of nature and, in particular, water. However, considering water as public goods, the Law allows resistence figths against waterâs commercialization.
90

Efeito da salinidade induzida no desenvolvimento e crescimento inicial de CarnaÃba(Copernicia prunifera(Miller) H.E.Moore): suporte e estratÃgias de restauraÃÃo em Ãreas salinizadas / Effect of the induced salinity in the growth and initial development of CarnaÃba(prunifera Copernicia (Miller) H.E. Moore): it has supported the strategies of restoration in salinisation areas

Samia Jainara Rocha Holanda 25 September 2006 (has links)
nÃo hà / Atualmente vÃrias regiÃes da terra enfrentam sÃrios problemas em seus solos por causa da salinizaÃÃo. Parte significativa desse problema ocorre em regiÃes onde a deficiÃncia hÃdrica à acentuada e os solos sÃo pouco profundos. Os prejuÃzos causados pela salinidade podem ser seriamente agravados pelo manejo inadequado da irrigaÃÃo e pela drenagem insuficiente. Altas concentraÃÃes de sais no solo tÃm sido um dos fatores que mais tÃm concorrido para a reduÃÃo do crescimento e produtividade das culturas. A CarnaÃba (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E.Moore), apresenta capacidade de produzir satisfatoriamente sob condiÃÃes de baixa preciptaÃÃo e à uma alternativa de renda de grande importÃncia para a populaÃÃo do semi-Ãrido brasileiro. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de CarnaÃba para subsidiar a restauraÃÃo de Ãreas de preservaÃÃo permanente (APPs) que encontram-se desmatadas e ou salinizadas e a ampliaÃÃo do extrativismo vegetal como fonte econÃmica da regiÃo. O experimento constou de um arranjo fatorial 5x1. O ensaio dispÃs de 15 mudas com 4 repetiÃÃes, sendo adotado o mÃtodo de delineamento casualizado. Foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes nÃveis de salinidade: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mol.m-3 de NaCl, correspondendo a condutividade elÃtrica inicial de: 2.0, 4.6, 7.1, 9.6, 12 dS.m1 sobre os Ãndices de crescimento inicial das plÃntulas de CarnaÃba. Foram estudadas as seguintes variÃveis: comprimento da parte aÃrea (Cra); largura da parte aÃrea (Lra); comprimento da raiz principal (CRp); peso da matÃria fresca (PMF); peso da matÃria seca (PMS); razÃo parte aÃrea/raiz (PAR) e taxa de sobrevivÃncia (TS). A salinidade afetou de forma diferenciada cada variÃvel estudada, sendo a TS a mais afetada. Quanto aos nÃveis de salinidade aplicados, os melhores tratamentos para a produÃÃo de mudas foram os de 25 e 50 mol.m-3 de NaCl, em especial 25 mol.m-3, haja vista o melhor desenvolvimento da largura foliar neste nÃvel de salinidade. NÃveis elevados de salinidade como maior ou igual a 100 mol.m-3 de NaCl, comprometem o desenvolvimento e possivelmente a vida desta planta, apresentando assim comportamento de plantas glicÃfitas, nÃo sendo aconselhÃvel tentativas de produÃÃo e ou implantaÃÃo de mudas em Ãreas que apresentem este nÃvel de salinidade no solo. / Actually, several regions of earth face serious soil problems because of salinisation. A major part of these cases occurs in regions with an accentuated water deficiency and shallow soils. The damage caused by salinity may become even more critical by inadequate handling and insufficient draining. High soil salt concentration has been one of the factors with major influence on reduced growth rates and productivity in cultivated plants. The Carnauba (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E.Moore) is able to produce under conditions of low precipitation and is an option for income of great importance for the population of the Brazilian semi-arid regions. In our study, we tried to assess the effect of salinity on growth and initial development of Carnauba plantlets destined at supporting restoration of areas of permanent conservation (APPs) that were deforested or suffer from salinisation as well as to promote extractivism as a source of income in this region. In the experiment, we applied a 5x1 factorial arrangement. The assay made use of 4 repetitions with 15 plantlets each in a random distribution. Salinities of 0, 25. 50, 75 and 100 mol.m- NaCl, corresponding to conductivities of 2.0, 4.6, 7.1, 9.6 and 12 dS.m-1, respectively, were evaluated in relation to the indexes of initial growth of Carnauba plantlets. The following variables were studied: leaf length (Cra); leaf width (Lra); root length (CRp), fresh weight (PMF); dry weight (PMS); aerial part â root ratio (PAR) and survival rate (TS). Salinity differentially affected each variable studied, with TS suffering a major impact. As to the salinities applied, plantlets demonstrated best results at 25 and 50 mol.m- NaCl, better even at 25 mol.m-Â; here, the development of leaf width was best. Elevated salinities of 100 mol.m- or higher put at risk development and possibly survival of this plant, that thus turns out to be a glycophyte;production and/or replanting are not recommended for areas with these levels of soil salinity.

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